Polymorphism of Selected Regions of <i>Ovar-</i>MHC and the Health Status of the Ovine Mammary Gland

Udder diseases (<i>mastitis</i>) are a serious cause of economic losses in sheep breeding as they have a negative impact on lamb rearing and the quality of dairy products. Thus far, progress in treatment and prevention of these diseases has been insufficient—giving ground for searching possibilities of using natural immunity to combat mastitis. This study aims to assess the relationship between the microsatellite polymorphism of selected <i>Ovar-</i>MHC genes and the health status of the mammary gland of sheep. The research is carried out on sheep of the Polish Heath and Polish Lowland breeds. In ovine milk, the SCC and the percentage of the lymphocyte subpopulation are assessed. Based on genomic DNA, molecular analysis of the <i>Ovar-</i>MHC gene fragments (<i>OLADRB1, OLADRB2, OMHC1</i>) polymorphism is performed. Significant differences are found in SCC level and the percentage of lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, CD19) in the milk depending on the alleles of the <i>Ovar-</i>MHC genes. Alleles of 488 bp (<i>DRB1</i>) and 284 bp (<i>DRB2</i>) are found more frequently in sheep, which milk contained <200 × 10³/mL SCC, while in carriers of the 508 bp (<i>DRB1</i>) and 272 bp (<i>DRB2</i>) alleles, SCC level in milk is significantly higher (>200 × 10³/mL). The obtained results justify the need for further research to better understand the genetic basis of mastitis, and to search for effective molecular markers that can be used in breeding practice.