DOAJ Open Access 2025

Non-polynomial spline method for singularly perturbed differential difference equations with delay and advance terms

A.M. Regal S.D. Kumar

Abstrak

In this study, we introduced a non-polynomial spline technique to address singularly perturbed differential difference equations involving both delay and advanced parameters. This method exhibits a linear rate of convergence, and we have thoroughly analyzed its convergence properties. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we provided two numerical examples. We presented the maximum absolute errors in tabular form and displayed the pointwise absolute errors using graphical representations. Additionally, we included tables showing the numerically obtained rate of convergence.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Analysis Analytic mechanics Probabilities. Mathematical statistics

Penulis (2)

A.M. Regal

S.D. Kumar

Format Sitasi

APA MLA BibTeX

Regal, A., Kumar, S. (2025). Non-polynomial spline method for singularly perturbed differential difference equations with delay and advance terms. https://doi.org/10.31489/2025m2/208-221

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Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2025
Sumber Database: DOAJ
DOI: 10.31489/2025m2/208-221
Akses: Open Access ✓