NDUI+: A fused DMSP-VIIRS based global normalized difference urban index dataset

Urbanization is advancing rapidly, covering less than 2% of Earth's surface yet profoundly influencing global environments and experiencing disproportionate impacts from extreme weather events. Effective urban management and planning require high-resolution, temporally consistent datasets that capture the complexity of urban growth and dynamics. This study presents NDUI+, a novel global urban dataset addressing critical gaps in urban data continuity and quality. NDUI+ integrates data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS), VIIRS Nighttime Light, and Landsat 7 NDVI using advanced remote sensing and deep learning techniques. The dataset resolves sensor discontinuity challenges, offering a seamless 30-meter spatial and annual temporal resolution time series from 1999 to the present. NDUI+ demonstrates high precision and granularity, aligning closely with high-resolution satellite data and capturing urban dynamics effectively. The dataset provides valuable insights for urban climate studies, IPCC assessments, and urbanization research, complementing resources like UT-GLOBUS for urban modeling.