Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

J. Butler

Araj Sekh

Women’s rights in Islam are often debated and frequently misunderstood due to cultural practices and selective interpretations. This paper examines the historical evolution of women’s rights in Islam from pre-Islamic Arabia to modern times. It aims to show how Islamic teachings brought significant reforms in the social, legal, and moral status of women. Before Islam, women faced severe discrimination, denial of inheritance, and lack of personal choice. Islam addressed these injustices by granting women rights to inheritance, consent in marriage, education, religious responsibility, and participation in social life. The study also highlights the important contributions of Muslim women scholars, jurists, and educators during the prophetic and medieval periods. In addition, the paper briefly discusses Muslim feminism and contrasts it with Western feminist thought to clarify key ideological differences. Based on Qur’anic teachings, Hadith, and historical evidence, the paper argues that Islam fundamentally supports dignity, justice, and equity for women. The study concludes that many contemporary challenges faced by Muslim women arise from cultural misuse of religion rather than Islamic principles themselves. Understanding Islam through authentic sources is essential for an accurate view of women’s rights.

Runhua Zhang, Ziqi Pan, Kangyu Yuan et al.

Everyday digital feminism refers to the ordinary, often pragmatic ways women articulate lived experiences and cultivate solidarity in online spaces. In China, such practices flourish on RedNote through discussions under hashtags like ''women's growth''. Recently, DeepSeek-generated content has been taken up as a new voice in these conversations. Given widely recognized gender biases in LLMs, this raises critical concerns about how LLMs interact with everyday feminist practices. Through an analysis of 430 RedNote posts, 139 shared DeepSeek responses, and 3211 comments, we found that users predominantly welcomed DeepSeek's advice. Yet feminist critical discourse analysis revealed that these responses primarily encouraged women to self-optimize and pursue achievements within prevailing norms rather than challenge them. By interpreting this case, we discuss the opportunities and risks that LLMs introduce for everyday feminism as a pathway toward women's empowerment, and offer design implications for leveraging LLMs to better support such practices.

Runhua Zhang, Ziqi Pan, Huiran Yi et al.

Sharing gendered experiences on social media has been widely recognized as supporting women's personal sense-making and contributing to digital feminism. However, there are known concerns, such as fear of judgment and backlash, that may discourage women from posting online. In this study, we examine a recurring practice on Xiaohongshu, a popular Chinese social media platform, in which women share their gendered experiences alongside screenshots of conversations with LLMs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 women to investigate whether and how interactions with LLMs might support women in articulating and sharing gendered experiences. Our findings reveal that, beyond those external concerns, women also hold self-imposed standards regarding what feels appropriate and worthwhile to share publicly. We further show how interactions with LLMs help women meet these standards and navigate such concerns. We conclude by discussing how LLMs might be carefully and critically leveraged to support women's everyday expression online.

N. Lagarde, R. -M. Ouazzani, J. Malzac et al.

The Commission Femmes et Astronomie of the French Astronomical Society, has conducted a statistical study aimed at mapping the current presence of women in French professional astronomy and establishing a baseline for tracking its evolution over time. This study follows an initial survey carried out in 2021, which covered eight astronomy and astrophysics institutes (1,060 employees). This year, the scope was expanded to 11 institutes, bringing together a total of 1,525 employees, including PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, academics, as well as technical and administrative staff, representing about 57% of the whole French community. We examined how the proportion of women varies according to career stage, level of responsibility, job security, and income. The results are compared to the 2021-2022 survey and appear to illustrate the well-known "leaky pipeline", with one of the main bottlenecks being access to permanent positions. The study shows that the proportion of women consistently declines with increasing job security, career seniority, qualification level, and salary.

Sally Jordan, Sarah Bakewell, Holly Jane Campbell et al.

Across the United Kingdom, initiatives designed to increase the participation and outcomes for women in physics continue, working with children of various ages as well as with adults. Improvements have been achieved by a combination of these initiatives and an accompanying strengthening of policy, but significant gender imbalances remain.

Simón Peña-Fernández, Ainara Larrondo-Ureta, Jordi Morales-i-Gras

The potential of social media to create open, collaborative and participatory spaces allows young women to engage and empower themselves in political and social activism. In this context, the objective of this research is to analyze the polarization in the debate at the intersection between the defense of feminism and transsexuality, preferably among the young population, symbolized in the use of the term 'TERF'. To do this, the existing communities on this subject on Twitter and TikTok have been analyzed with Social Network Analysis techniques, in addition to the presence of young people in them. The results indicate that the debates between both networks are not very cohesive, with a highly modularized structure that suggests isolation of each community. For this reason, it may be considered that the debate on sexual identity has resulted in a strong polarization of feminist activism in social media. Likewise, the positions of transinclusive feminism are very much in the majority among young people; this reinforces the idea of an ideological debate that can also be understood from a generational perspective. Finally, differential use between both social networks has been identified, where TikTok is a less partisan and more dialogue-based network than Twitter, which leads to discussions and participation in a more neutral tone.

Rachel Wexler, Patricia Knezek, Gregory Rudnick et al.

In a series of two papers, we provide a comprehensive agenda of actions the American Astronomical Society (AAS) can take to create a more diverse and inclusive professional system for astronomers, with a focus on women astronomers. This first paper of the series outlines the background and methods, while the recommendations are treated in the second companion paper (Paper II). We take the stance that since the 2020 Decadal Survey (Astro2020) was delivered in 2021, with its first-ever set of recommendations on the State of the Profession, now is the time for the AAS to take decisive action to transform astronomy into a diverse and inclusive profession. In the spring of 2019, the CSWA surveyed the astronomical community to assess the popularity and feasibility of actions that the AAS can take to reduce harassment and advance career development for women in astronomy. Here we present the quantitative results of that survey and a synopsis of the free response sections, which are publicly accessible. By combining the results of our survey, peer-reviewed academic literature, and findings from many of the white papers submitted to Astro2020, the CSWA has developed 26 specific actions that the AAS can take to help end harassment in astronomy, to advance career development for astronomers who are women and who are other members of historically marginalized groups, and intersections of these populations, and to improve the climate and culture of AAS and AAS-sponsored meetings. This paper presents the data we used to make these recommendations, and the recommendations themselves will be presented in Paper II.

T. Barlow

"The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism" is a history of ideas about women in twentieth-century China. Tani E. Barlow tracks the categories that Chinese intellectuals have developed to think about women and connects these paradigms to transnational debates about eugenics, gender, sexuality, and the psyche. Contending that Chinese feminism has a basis in eugenicist thought, Barlow describes how the emergence of social science perspectives during the 1920s lent the liberation of Chinese women an urgency by suggesting that women should choose their own sexual partners; the health of the nation, it was argued, depended in part on the biological mechanisms of natural selection. Barlow demonstrates that feminism has been integral to thinking about the nation and development in China. At the same time, she shows that Chinese feminism both borrowed from and contributed to emerging feminist formations around the world.Bringing together social theory, psychoanalytic thought, the ethics of mass movements, literary criticism, and revolutionary political ideologies, Barlow reveals how Chinese feminist theory changed in response to the social upheavals of colonial modernity, revolution, modernization, and market socialism. She discusses prominent Chinese feminists, including the fiction writer Ding Ling, who was, for more than fifty years, a leading revolutionary; the early-twentieth-century theorist Gao Xian; the literary scholar Li Xiaojiang, a major proponent of women's studies; and the contemporary film and cultural critic Dai Jinhua. Barlow's exploration of Chinese feminism provides an in-depth examination of one of the most compelling and significant feminist movements in modern history.

Charel D. du Toit

The parable of the Prodigal Son is traditionally viewed from an androcentric perspective, focusing on the male characters, such as the father and brothers. However, this article suggests that the original listeners may have perceived female characters as present and significant. It briefly explores the roles of the Prodigal’s mother and the father’s mother, proposing an alternative interpretation. Evidence indicates that a 1st-century audience might have envisioned a parallel narrative, termed ‘the Parable of the Two Mothers’, within the story. This imagined parallel parable could reflect the high-context understanding of the original hearers. The article aims to reconstruct this proposed parallel parable not only as a potentially imagined narrative within the Prodigal Son but also as a counter-narrative tool. This tool seeks to aid faith communities in addressing gender-based violence (GBV) by offering a narrative device that brings women’s voices to the forefront in congregational and social contexts. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The interdisciplinary nature of this article contributes to the debate on the roles and importance of women in the church by investigating the value that women had in the parables of Jesus. Furthermore, this article promotes an inclusive reading of biblical texts aiming to combat the pandemic of GBV in South African communities. By reading women as present in the text, emphasis is given to the voices of women in the Bible and the importance of their representation today. This research is also in line with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5: Gender equality and women empowerment.

Lucas Tramontano

Neste artigo, discuto os três principais efeitos do hormônio sexual testosterona, a força física, a agressividade e o desejo sexual, para refletir sobre atributos da masculinidade hegemônica, a partir de entrevistas com homens usuários. A fundamentação teórica se baseia nos estudos de Gênero e Ciência e estudos sobre homens e masculinidades. Os dados empíricos decorrem de relatos de história de vida de 21 homens usuários do hormônio e a análise segue o método da análise do discurso. Os resultados apontam para um looping effect do modelo tradicional de masculinidade, que precisa ser expandido para comportar corpos atravessados por diversos marcadores sociais na construção de uma imagem semelhante do corpo masculino.

Larissa F. Rodrigues Moreira, Liziane S. Soares, Adriana Z. Martinhago

This paper presents initiatives aimed at fostering female involvement in the realm of computing and endeavoring to inspire more women to pursue careers in these fields. The Meninas++ Project coordinates activities at both the high school and higher education levels, facilitating dialogue between young women and computing professionals, and promoting female role models within the field. Our study demonstrated the significant impact of these activities on inspiring, empowering, and retaining female students in computing. Furthermore, higher education initiatives have fostered engagement among both women and men, promoting inclusivity, entrepreneurship, and collaboration to enhance women's representation in the computing field.

Lauren Klein, Catherine D'Ignazio

This paper presents a set of intersectional feminist principles for conducting equitable, ethical, and sustainable AI research. In Data Feminism (2020), we offered seven principles for examining and challenging unequal power in data science. Here, we present a rationale for why feminism remains deeply relevant for AI research, rearticulate the original principles of data feminism with respect to AI, and introduce two potential new principles related to environmental impact and consent. Together, these principles help to 1) account for the unequal, undemocratic, extractive, and exclusionary forces at work in AI research, development, and deployment; 2) identify and mitigate predictable harms in advance of unsafe, discriminatory, or otherwise oppressive systems being released into the world; and 3) inspire creative, joyful, and collective ways to work towards a more equitable, sustainable world in which all of us can thrive.

Yue Deng, Zheng Chen, Changyang He et al.

Speaking out for women's daily needs on social media has become a crucial form of everyday feminism in China. Gender debate naturally intertwines with such feminist advocacy, where users in opposite stances discuss gender-related issues through intense discourse. The complexities of gender debate necessitate a systematic understanding of discursive strategies for achieving effective gender communication that balances civility and constructiveness. To address this problem, we adopted a mixed-methods study to navigate discursive strategies in gender debate, focusing on 38,636 posts and 187,539 comments from two representative cases in China. Through open coding, we identified a comprehensive taxonomy of linguistic strategies in gender debate, capturing five overarching themes including derogation, gender distinction, intensification, mitigation, and cognizance guidance. Further, we applied regression analysis to unveil these strategies' correlations with user participation and response, illustrating the tension between debating tactics and public engagement. We discuss design implications to facilitate feminist advocacy on social media.

Mimi E. Kim

ABSTRACT Racial injustice at the intersections of interpersonal and state violence sets the stage for this examination of mainstream responses to domestic and sexual violence. At one end of this continuum is carceral feminism, a term signaling feminist reliance upon law enforcement as a dominant intervention strategy. At the other end is a growing tide of responses to gender violence alternative to criminalization, largely led by people of color. These restorative and transformative justice interventions offer new anti-violence options. They also prompt a re-imagining of the role of social work in relationship to social justice and social movements.

J. Baumgardner, A. Richards

Utkucan Balci, Chen Ling, Emiliano De Cristofaro et al.

The Internet has been instrumental in connecting under-represented and vulnerable groups of people. Platforms built to foster social interaction and engagement have enabled historically disenfranchised groups to have a voice. One such vulnerable group is women. In this paper, we explore the diversity in online women's ideological spaces using a multi-dimensional approach. We perform a large-scale, data-driven analysis of over 6M Reddit comments and submissions from 14 subreddits. We elicit a diverse taxonomy of online women's ideological spaces, ranging from counterparts to the so-called Manosphere to Gender-Critical Feminism. We then perform content analysis, finding meaningful differences across topics and communities. Finally, we shed light on two platforms, ovarit.com and thepinkpill.co, where two toxic communities of online women's ideological spaces (Gender-Critical Feminism and Femcels) migrated after their ban on Reddit.

Doaa Althalathini, H. Al-Dajani, N. Apostolopoulos

J. Blackmore

Xiao Han