Hasil untuk "Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology"

D. Massey

Jolana Holyk, Nadia Kis, Ivan Stetsko

The interaction between all the functional elements of urban development within community centres, residential groups, neighbourhoods or districts is complex and multifaceted. Physical, technical, architectural and spatial characteristics are the basis for evaluating planning systems, but the main thing is the human assessment of the level of comfort. This includes people's perception of the living environment, availability of vital resources, waste disposal, ease of use, and management of the functional use of the territory. In this system of human values that relate to the human environment, two groups of factors can be distinguished that can be components of happiness: the first group combines purely individual family needs and relates to the living environment (apartment, house, adjacent territory), and the second group includes urban spaces, a small part of the city. The components of happiness have been studied by scientists and organisations from various fields, including psychology, sociology, economics, urban studies and neuroscience. The idea of measuring happiness as an indicator of well-being arose from the realisation that economic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP), do not provide a complete picture of people's quality of life and well-being. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of creating a comfortable urban environment, first of all, to consider the issue of forming a happy personality in the urban space. The article raises the question of the level of comfort that should be present in the urban environment for a person to have a certain ‘level of happiness’. The article identifies the main factors that influence the ‘level of happiness’ of city residents, namely comfort, safety, environmental hygiene, functionality, and psychological compatibility. The main urban planning aspects that determine the ‘level of happiness’ are also highlighted, namely: accessibility of public spaces, inclusiveness of the environment, environmental sustainability, mobility and transport. In general, a comfortable urban environment can bring city residents closer to happiness, positively affect their well-being, comfort and satisfaction.

Françoise Okah Efogo, Paul Awoa Awoa

This article focuses on the challenges that uncertainty poses to countries in global and regional value chains. In this perspective, it focuses specifically on African countries and enriches the results with a comparative approach. Indeed, using a gravity model for 49 African countries and all their trading partners from 1990 to 2019, the paper proposes a comparative analysis of the effects of uncertainty on global trade in value chains and on trade in value chains within Africa. The robustness of the results shows that domestic uncertainty can drive the expansion of intra-African trade in value chains, while uncertainty in the partner country hinders the flourishing of trade relationships within a value chain.

Wen Long

This study focuses on the transformation of Zhangjiang Science City from a township industrial hub to a key national high-tech industrial park. Using Xiangnan Community, one of the first resettlement housing projects from the 1990s, as a case study, the research examines the development trajectory of the science city and the interactions between its two main groups of migrants: resettled residents and the technological middle class. The findings reveal that resettled residents played a crucial role in the early stages of the science city's development as a source of labor and a consumer base, successfully integrating into the community through urban renewal initiatives. Meanwhile, the technological middle class, a pivotal force in the city's growth, faces challenges stemming from an urban environment that does not fully meet their needs. Policymakers must address these issues by emphasizing ecological livability and talent retention, improving settlement conditions to ensure sustainable development.

Łukasz Czarnecki, Erick Carrasco Medina

This article analyzes the social imaginary around the figure of the “Chinese” in Mexico City (CDMX), based on a sociological and ethnographic study with people of Chinese origin or descent who work in Chinatown. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation, we explore the ways in which these groups experience structural discrimination and labor precariousness and how their daily experience shapes their perception of inhabiting this urban space, asking questions such as: What processes have created situations of exclusion of the Chinese in the CDMX? How have they adapted to this situation? The research takes contributions from ethnographic sociology, migration studies and urban anthropology to understand the tensions that lead to a voluntary exclusion reinforced by precarious employment and underemployment.

Abdulhamit Budak

Since groups constitute one of the essential components of the social structure, they form a fundamental subject of sociological inquiry. A subcategory of social groups, religious groups are examined from the perspective of the sociology of religion. In order to better understand the interactions of contemporary religious groups with social life, it is necessary to possess knowledge of their historically rooted origins. In addition, a researcher seeking to acquire knowledge about the religious history of a city must become familiar with the religious groups that have played significant roles within its religious and social structure. Gaining insight into both the historical origins of these groups and their functions within the city’s social fabric requires recourse to works on urban history, which contain a wealth of information on religious groups and are regarded as one of the primary sources for scholars. In his Amasya History, Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yaşar mentions the names of numerous religious groups that influenced the city’s social structure. These groups fulfilled significant functions in shaping the religious and social life of the city and played crucial roles in the formation of its present social fabric. The social and religious impact of these groups was not confined to the city itself; throughout history, they also influenced the religious landscape and social structures of the states to which they belonged. This study examines the diversity of religious groups in the city of Amasya from the perspective of Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yaşar, aiming to demonstrate the extent of their social influence and the ways in which they shaped the city’s socio-cultural and religious life. Following a general introduction concerning Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yaşar, an overview of the history of Amasya is provided. Subsequently, general information and definitions regarding religious groups are discussed. Subsequently, the findings concerning religious groups identified through the examination of the twelve-volume work are presented in a systematic manner. The interactions of the religious groups mentioned in this extensive work with the city’s social structure constitute a subject broad enough to warrant a separate study. Therefore, this article confines itself to providing information about the religious groups mentioned and the social structures that developed around them, limiting the scope of inquiry accordingly. This study primarily aims to identify the religious groups that shape the religious geography of the city.The subject of this study is significant not only in terms of examining the place of religious groups in the history of Amasya, but also in revealing what these groups represented within the intellectual world of Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yaşar. This research, which involves processes such as reviewing the author’s work, identifying the religious groups, and collecting information about them by consulting various sources, employs the document analysis method. Keywords: Sociology of Religion, Amasya, Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yaşar, Religious Groups, Historical Sociology.

Mira Manassova, Baizhol I. Karipbayev, Galiya R. Seifullina et al.

The research aims to identify the impact of urbanization and technological change on the socio-cultural structure of the city. The applied methodology was based on two data sources: 1) interviews with 18 specialists from six fields; 2) a survey of 250 residents using the PREQ scale (“Perception of Residential Environment Quality”). Experts invited to participate in the research represented diverse spheres: urban planning, architecture, information technology, sociology, economics, and ecology (n = 18). The findings confirmed that technological changes in the city of Astana (Kazakhstan) contribute to its harmonious development. Experts in urban planning, architecture, and information technology noted positive changes in urban infrastructure, visual appearance, and digital services. The results confirm that the working-age population and more vulnerable groups have different evaluations of urban environmental aspects, emphasizing the need to consider multiple perspectives in urban planning and management. The research findings are crucial for informed urban planning and the development of more inclusive and equitable urban strategies.

Rui Cao, Wei Tu, Dongsheng Chen et al.

The shift toward high-quality urbanization has brought increased attention to the issue of "urban villages", which has become a prominent social problem in China. However, there is a lack of available geospatial data on urban villages, making it crucial to prioritize urban village mapping. In order to assess the current progress in urban village mapping and identify challenges and future directions, we have conducted a comprehensive review, which to the best of our knowledge is the first of its kind in this field. Our review begins by providing a clear context for urban villages and elaborating the method for literature review, then summarizes the study areas, data sources, and approaches used for urban village mapping in China. We also address the challenges and future directions for further research. Through thorough investigation, we find that current studies only cover very limited study areas and periods and lack sufficient investigation into the scalability, transferability, and interpretability of identification approaches due to the challenges in concept fuzziness and variances, spatial heterogeneity and variances of urban villages, and data availability. Future research can complement and further the current research in the following potential directions in order to achieve large-area mapping across the whole nation...

Yue Sun, Ryan Weightman, Anye Shi et al.

Urbanization is rapidly increasing, with urban populations expected to grow significantly by 2050, particularly in developing regions. This expansion brings challenges related to chronic stresses and acute shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has underscored the critical role of urban form in a city's capacity to manage public health crises. Despite the heightened interest in urban resilience, research examining the relationship between urban morphology and pandemic resilience remains limited, often focusing solely on density and its effect on disease transmission. This work aims to address this gap by evaluating existing frameworks that analyze the relationship between urban resilience and urban form. By critically reviewing these frameworks, with a particular emphasis on theoretical and quantitative approaches, this study seeks to transfer the knowledge gained to better understand the relationship between pandemic resilience and urban morphology. The work also links theoretical ideas with quantitative frameworks, offering a cohesive analysis. The anticipated novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive assessment of urban resilience frameworks and the identification of the current gaps in integrating resilience to pandemic thinking into urban planning and design. The goal is not only to enhance the understanding of urban resilience but also to offer practical guidance for developing more adaptive and effective frameworks for assessing resilience to pandemics in urban environments, thereby preparing cities to better withstand and recover from future crises.

Sijie Yang, Binyu Lei, Filip Biljecki

Ensuring liveability and comfort is one of the fundamental objectives of urban planning. Numerous studies have employed computational methods to assess and quantify factors related to urban comfort such as greenery coverage, thermal comfort, and walkability. However, a clear definition of urban comfort and its comprehensive evaluation framework remain elusive. Our research explores the theoretical interpretations and methodologies for assessing urban comfort within digital planning, emphasising three key dimensions: multidimensional analysis, data support, and AI assistance.

Shangyu Lou

Urban Artificial Intelligence (Urban AI) has advanced human-centered urban tasks such as perception prediction and human dynamics. Large Language Models (LLMs) can integrate multimodal inputs to address heterogeneous data in complex urban systems but often underperform on domain-specific tasks. Urban-MAS, an LLM-based Multi-Agent System (MAS) framework, is introduced for human-centered urban prediction under zero-shot settings. It includes three agent types: Predictive Factor Guidance Agents, which prioritize key predictive factors to guide knowledge extraction and enhance the effectiveness of compressed urban knowledge in LLMs; Reliable UrbanInfo Extraction Agents, which improve robustness by comparing multiple outputs, validating consistency, and re-extracting when conflicts occur; and Multi-UrbanInfo Inference Agents, which integrate extracted multi-source information across dimensions for prediction. Experiments on running-amount prediction and urban perception across Tokyo, Milan, and Seattle demonstrate that Urban-MAS substantially reduces errors compared to single-LLM baselines. Ablation studies indicate that Predictive Factor Guidance Agents are most critical for enhancing predictive performance, positioning Urban-MAS as a scalable paradigm for human-centered urban AI prediction. Code is available on the project website:https://github.com/THETUREHOOHA/UrbanMAS

Wayne Wu, Honglin He, Chaoyuan Zhang et al.

Micromobility, which utilizes lightweight mobile machines moving in urban public spaces, such as delivery robots and mobility scooters, emerges as a promising alternative to vehicular mobility. Current micromobility depends mostly on human manual operation (in-person or remote control), which raises safety and efficiency concerns when navigating busy urban environments full of unpredictable obstacles and pedestrians. Assisting humans with AI agents in maneuvering micromobility devices presents a viable solution for enhancing safety and efficiency. In this work, we present a scalable urban simulation solution to advance autonomous micromobility. First, we build URBAN-SIM - a high-performance robot learning platform for large-scale training of embodied agents in interactive urban scenes. URBAN-SIM contains three critical modules: Hierarchical Urban Generation pipeline, Interactive Dynamics Generation strategy, and Asynchronous Scene Sampling scheme, to improve the diversity, realism, and efficiency of robot learning in simulation. Then, we propose URBAN-BENCH - a suite of essential tasks and benchmarks to gauge various capabilities of the AI agents in achieving autonomous micromobility. URBAN-BENCH includes eight tasks based on three core skills of the agents: Urban Locomotion, Urban Navigation, and Urban Traverse. We evaluate four robots with heterogeneous embodiments, such as the wheeled and legged robots, across these tasks. Experiments on diverse terrains and urban structures reveal each robot's strengths and limitations.

Yu-Lun Song, Chung-En Tsern, Che-Cheng Wu et al.

This study presents an innovative approach to urban mobility simulation by integrating a Large Language Model (LLM) with Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). Unlike traditional rule-based ABM, the proposed framework leverages LLM to enhance agent diversity and realism by generating synthetic population profiles, allocating routine and occasional locations, and simulating personalized routes. Using real-world data, the simulation models individual behaviors and large-scale mobility patterns in Taipei City. Key insights, such as route heat maps and mode-specific indicators, provide urban planners with actionable information for policy-making. Future work focuses on establishing robust validation frameworks to ensure accuracy and reliability in urban planning applications.

Comitê Científico, Interinstitucional, Christian Luiz da Silva

Purpose: This paper analyzes the forms of spatial practices carried out by migrants from the Islands Regency in Makassar City in order to maintain ethnic and family social relations.   Methods: This research is descriptive urban space sociology research. This research uses qualitative methods in presenting data and analyzing research findings.   Results and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the Selayar tribe has a life principle of always gathering with family in overseas lands. This principle of life makes them buy a plot of land in a location close to relatives and marry into their own family. Changes in urban space through development policies make it difficult for Selayar people to live in one residential location. As a result, Selayar people try to create new communication spaces to maintain their social relations.   Research implications: The results of this research provide an overview of the spatial practices carried out by ethnic groups in an effort to maintain their social relations.   Originality/value: The spatial practice of a group of people in urban areas is part of an interesting sociological topic to analyze, including strategies for maintaining social relationships.

سید جلال الدین حسینی, آزیتا رجبی, افشین سفاهن et al.

توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور، یکی از راهکارهای مهم و مصادیق توسعه پایدار شهری است که به‌منظور حل معضلات ترافیکی و بهبود شرایط حمل‌ونقل در شهرها مورداستفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این رویکرد، برنامه‌ریزی و گسترش حمل‌ونقل عمومی، به‌عنوان جایگزینی برای استفاده از خودروهای شخصی و حمل‌ونقل خصوصی مطرح شده است. منطقه 11 شهرداری تهران یکی از مناطق مرکزی شهر تهران است که دارای بار ترافیکی بالایی است و به‌تبع آن با مشکلاتی در سیستم حمل‌ونقل شهری خود مواجه است. در تحقیق مذکور، باهدف انطباق شاخص‌های توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور با وضعیت فعلی منطقه 11 شهر تهران و بازپس‌گیری شهر از فضای خودرو محور به فضای انسان‌محور، شاخص‌های استاندارد توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور به‌عنوان مبنای تحلیل و رتبه‌بندی بررسی‌شده‌اند. در این رویکرد، با توجه به شاخص‌های مختلف، میزان قابلیت منطقه برای تحقق توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور ارزیابی گردیده است. به‌این‌ترتیب، این تحقیق به مسئولین و برنامه‌ریزان شهری کمک می‌کند تا بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، راهکارهای مناسبی برای بهبود حمل‌ونقل در منطقه 11 شهر تهران ارائه دهند. روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف؛ کاربردی و ازنظر متدولوژی توصیفی و ازنظر روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مبتنی بر روش‌های کتابخانه­ای – اسنادی و مطالعات میدانی بوده و در تحلیل اطلاعات نیز از نرم‌افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و روش­های رتبه­بندی و در مقایسه تطبیقی، از ضریب ناموزونی موریس و روش بی‌مقیاس خطی و از نرم‌افزار Choice Expert برای تحلیل سلسله­مراتبی AHP استفاده شده است. با توجه به نتایج حاصله، می‌توان گفت که منطقه 11 شهرداری تهران، به‌رغم داشتن پتانسیل بالا برای تحقق توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور، در شرایط فعلی ظرفیت تبدیل‌شدن به یک مرکز توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور را ندارد و جهت تبدیل‌شدن باید تغییرات وسیعی در ساختارهای فضایی آن ایجاد شود.

Thomas Collins, Diogo Pacheco, Riccardo Di Clemente et al.

Urban vibrancy is an important measure of the energetic nature of a city that is related to why and how people use urban spaces, and it is inherently connected with our social behaviour. Increasingly, people use a wide range of mobile phone apps in their daily lives to connect socially, search for information, make decisions, and arrange travel, amongst many other reasons. However, the relationship between online app usage and urban vibrancy remains unclear, particularly regarding how sociospatial behaviours interact with urban features. Here, we use app-usage data as a digital signature to investigate this question. To do this, we use a high-resolution data source of mobile service-level traffic volumes across eighteen cities in France. We investigate the social component of cities using socially relevant urban features constructed from OpenStreetMap 'Points of Interest'. We developed a methodology for identifying and classifying multidimensional app usage time series based on similarity. We used these in predictive models to interpret the results for each city and across France. Across cities, there were spatial behavioural archetypes, characterised by multidimensional properties. We found patterns between the week and the weekend, and across cities, and the country. These archetypes correspond to changes in socially relevant urban features that impact urban vibrancy. Our results add further evidence for the importance of using computational approaches to understand urban environments, the use of sociological concepts in computational science, and urban vibrancy in cities.

Fabiano L. Ribeiro, Vinicius M. Netto

Understanding how size influences the internal characteristics of a system is a crucial concern across various fields. Concepts like scale invariance, universalities, and fractals are fundamental to this inquiry and find application in biology, physics, and particularly urbanism. Size profoundly impacts how cities develop and function economically and socially. For example, what are the pros and cons of residing in larger cities? Is life really more expensive or less safe in larger cities? Or do they really offer more opportunities and generally higher incomes than smaller ones? To address such inquiries, we utilize theoretical tools from scaling theory, enabling a quantitative description of how a system's behavior changes across different scales, from micro to macro. Drawing parallels with research in biology and spatial economics, this chapter explores recent discoveries, ongoing progress, and unanswered questions regarding urban scaling.

Anat Goldman, Efrat Blumenfeld-Lieberthal

This chapter explores the concept of self-organization in urban planning and design, highlighting its role in shaping the unique characteristics of cities. It examines how various socio-economic, cultural, and political factors contribute to the development of distinct architectural styles, emphasizing the morphological patterns and self-organization principles. The chapter addresses the emergence of scaling laws and fractal geometry in urban forms, using historical and contemporary examples to illustrate these concepts. The discussion also delves into the cognitive aspects of urban design, examining how the physical layout of cities influences cognitive maps and perceptions of urban environments, and how these perceptions, in turn, influence urban design. Through the prism of self-organization, it demonstrates the dynamic interplay between individual and collective actions and the shaping of the urban landscape. This analysis offers insights into the complex, self-organizing systems that define urban spaces, emphasizing the interdependencies among architectural design, urban planning, and human cognition in shaping cityscapes.

Aref Ayati, Mohammad Mahdi Hashemi, Mohsen Saffar et al.

Regarding the concepts of urban management, digital transformation, and smart cities, various issues are presented. Currently, we like to attend to location allocation problems that can be a new part of digital transformation in urban management (such as locating and placing facilities, locating and arranging centers such as aid and rescue centers, or even postal hubs, telecommunications, electronic equipment, and data centers, and routing in transportation optimization). These issues, which are seemingly simple but in practice complex, are important in urban environments, and the issue of accurate location allocation based on existing criteria directly impacts cost management, profit, efficiency, and citizen satisfaction. In recent years, researchers have used or presented various models and methods for location allocation problems, some of which will be mentioned in this article. Given the nature of these problems, which are optimization problems, this article will also examine existing research from an optimization perspective in summary. Finally, a brief conclusion will be made of the existing methods and their weaknesses, and suggestions will be made for continuing the path and improving scientific and practical research in this field.

Timothy G. Wykes

Social mix policies aim to integrate residents living in diverse forms of housing. While numerous studies have showcased the limitations of social mix in achieving this objective, explanations for this tendency remain incomplete. Accordingly, this qualitative case study adopts insights from the sociology of everyday life and interaction ritual theory to elaborate on academic understandings of (non)-interaction between disparate groups in mixed housing communities. It draws primarily from observational fieldwork and semi-structured interview data gathered in the public spaces of a transitioning mid-sized city in Ontario, Canada. The findings report how everyday encounters among and between the urban poor and wealthier residents (re)produce patterns of group solidarity and conflict. The continued application of micro-sociological perspectives to housing mix research can chronicle and perhaps mend the gaps between government housing policy objectives and the experiences of residents living within relevant legislative jurisdictions.