Hasil untuk "Technical hydraulics"

María Victoria Mitre Núñez, Luis Roberto Alfaro De Arcia, Denisse Morales De León

Conocer el estado de los cuerpos de agua, tanto superficiales como subterráneos, es fundamental para la gestión adecuada de las cuencas prioritarias del país, como la del río Guararé, en Panamá. El objetivo de este proyecto fue establecer la relación entre las porquerizas, los puntos de contaminación y su posible impacto en la calidad del agua. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos en puntos específicos de la cuenca y se utilizaron herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). La investigación buscó identificar fuentes de contaminación y comprender cómo afectan al ecosistema acuático de la región. Se llevaron a cabo dos campañas de muestreo, con análisis de calidad de agua realizados en sitio y en laboratorio. Estos estudios permitieron obtener datos sobre los parámetros críticos de calidad hídrica. Posteriormente, se elaboraron mapas de contaminación con el objetivo de identificar y visualizar sitios críticos y potencialmente críticos en la subcuenca. Los resultados muestran que, aunque existe cierta correlación entre la densidad de porquerizas y algunos parámetros de calidad de agua muestreados, la contaminación hídrica parece estar más asociada a la concentración poblacional y otras actividades humanas. Estos hallazgos sirven de base para establecer estrategias de intervención, promover la gestión integrada del recurso hídrico en la región y reducir los impactos negativos sobre los cuerpos de agua.

Guillaume L. Giudicelli, Guillaume L. Giudicelli, Fande Kong et al.

High fidelity simulations of nuclear systems generally require a multi-dimensional representation of the system. Advanced nuclear reactor cores are governed by multiple physical phenomena which should be all be resolved, and the coupling of these physics would also need to be resolved spatially in a high-fidelity approach, while lower fidelity may leverage integrated quantities for the coupling instead. Performing a spatially resolved multiphysics simulation can be done on a single mesh with a single coupled numerical system, but this requires catering to each equations’ time and spatial discretization needs. Instead, each physics, usually neutronics, thermal hydraulics and fuel performance, are solved individually with the discretization they require, and the equations are coupled by transferring fields between each solver. In our experience coupling applications within the MOOSE framework, mostly for advanced nuclear reactor analysis, there are several challenges to this approach, from non-conservation problems with dissimilar meshes, to losses in order of spatial accuracy. This paper presents the field transfer capabilities implemented in MOOSE, and numerous technical details such as mapping heuristics, conservation techniques and parallel algorithms. Examples are drawn from nuclear systems analysis cases to illustrate the techniques.

Abdulkadir Ozturk, Muhammed Enes Atik, Mehmet Melih Koşucu et al.

Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters and can devastate human life, infrastructure, and mobility in urban areas. It is necessary to develop a simulation model suitable for disaster management to prepare for flooding and facilitate rapid response interventions. The advantage of a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) is that it allows researchers to perform more successful spatial analyses than traditional two-dimensional (2D) systems. In this study, real-time 3D flood simulations were created for the Bozkurt district of Kastamonu, Türkiye, integrating GIS and game engine technologies. Land use land cover (LU/LC) map, digital elevation model (DEM), soil properties and climate data of the study region constitute the input data for the hydrological model. DEM and building footprints are also used to create 3D models of the buildings in the region. Through the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) analysis, a hydrological model that included environmental factors such as precipitation, runoff, and soil erosion was created. The average flow rate for the same period, obtained from flow monitoring stations in the Bozkurt district, was 4.64 m³/s, while the flow rate obtained with the SWAT+ model was 4.12 m³/s. Using the flow parameters obtained with SWAT, 3D flood models were developed on Unreal Engine (UE). The flood simulation created with UE and the flood disaster experienced in 2021 in the region were compared on an area basis. The obtained simulation accuracy was 88%.

Yandong Gao, Maolin Zhou, Weilin Xu et al.

The vibration mode of the radiation surface of transducer (or structure of supersaturated cavitation cloud in thin liquid) is investigated experimentally by high-speed photography. The classification of saturated, supersaturated and undersaturated cavitation clouds was proposed, and a comparison was made between saturated and supersaturated cavitation cloud structures in liquid thin layers. The characteristics and formation mechanism of supersaturated cavitation cloud structure were investigated. Based on the close correspondence and rapid response between the distribution of supersaturated cavitation clouds and vibration modes of radiation surface, a new approach is proposed to measure the vibration mode of transducer operating at high power and large amplitude in real time.

Mébirika Benyamine, Naïma Fezzioui, Zahira Tehirichi et al.

This study presents a numerical investigation of turbulent crude oil flows in circular curved pipelines, with a focus on the deposition patterns of solid particles within the fluid. Simulations were conducted using the Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the k–ε turbulence model to examine the influence of structural characteristics, such as bend curvature angle and bend curvature radius, on flow dynamics and particle deposition. The results reveal that the complex flow patterns generated by these geometric features significantly affect pressure gradients and particle trajectories. Specifically, the study shows that turbulent flows within bends exhibit intricate behaviors, with deposition patterns being strongly influenced by the pipeline’s geometric parameters. Sand particles, commonly present in petroleum flows, are found to be more effectively transported in pipes with larger curvature angles, while they exhibit a higher propensity to settle at smaller curvature angles and larger bend curvature radii. Furthermore, the simulations indicate that the majority of deposited particles accumulate on the inner wall immediately downstream of the elbow entrance.

Eduardo Ariel Ruiz Murillo

La protección de los recursos hídricos a través de la implementación de procesos de tratamiento de las aguas residuales que son depositadas en estos se ha convertido en un gran reto para la región centroamericana, dado que cada vez es más notoria la eutrofización de los cuerpos de agua derivado de las descargas de agua residual con significativas concentraciones de nitrógeno y fósforo. Derivado de lo anterior, se ha estado realizando diversas investigaciones para proponer mecanismos locales que permitan reducir estos nutrientes, siendo uno de ellos la utilización de la semilla de Tamarindus índica debido a que su composición química se ha encontrado ácido glutámico lo cual según Campos y colaboradores (2003) son responsables de su capacidad de coagulación. En este estudio se analizó el desarrollo de un coagulante a base de la semilla de Tamarindus índica para evaluar su capacidad de reducción de fosfato-P y nitrato-N en aguas residuales proveniente del tratamiento secundario, obteniéndose una reducción máxima de 46.42±24.06% para el fosfato-P y de 37.87±29.61% para el nitrato-N, aplicando dosis de 120 y 95 miligramos de coagulante orgánico respectivamente. Por lo anterior la semilla de Tamarindus índica puede ser una opción para reducir el fosfato y nitrato cuando se requieran reducciones menores a 50%.

Dauletmuratova Nadejda, Abdiganieva Gulshad, Tolepova Sharigul et al.

This article is devoted to the problems of water supply to the population, which are associated with the current water management situation, such as the shortage of water resources, the decline in the quality of surface and groundwater, the technical condition of pipelines. In this situation, there is a need to eliminate or mitigate the current situation, so the study of hydraulic friction losses in water conduits is of national economic and scientific importance.The article deals with the issues of determining the pressure loss in water pipes under various modes, the causes of clogging of pipelines in water supply systems and the basic formulas of engineering hydraulics under conditions of insufficient water supply to the population. Solving the problem will increase the reliability of pipeline operation, meet the requirements of the population, and meet the minimum of the reduced costs for construction and operation.

Pengfei Zhang, Kai Song, Chaoxu Chen et al.

Aerators with sharp lateral enlargements and bottom drops generally cause adverse effects in spillway tunnels with a mild base slope, including serious cavity back flow and water wings striking the tunnel roof. Taking RM Hydropower Station’s spillway tunnel as its example, this paper proposes a new type of combined aerator characterized by a “variable base slope” longitudinally and a transverse “sharp enlargement plus straight section.” This not only increases cavity stability, resulting in more effective aeration, but also inhibits the development of water wings, contributing to an improved pattern of water flow. In addition, this paper systematically explores the influence of the flip bucket (drop), gently sloping section, and steeply sloping section of the “variable base slope” aerator upon the aerated cavity and summarizes the rules according to which the sharp lateral enlargement and diffusion angle influence the formation of water wings. This offers technical solutions, with theoretical support, for the design of aerators in spillway tunnels with a mild base slope.

Roghayeh Ghasempour, Kiyoumars Roushangar, V. S. Ozgur Kirca et al.

Beside in situ observations, satellite-based products can provide an ideal data source for spatiotemporal monitoring of drought. In this study, the spatiotemporal pattern of drought was investigated for the northwest part of Iran using ground- and satellite-based datasets. First, the Standardized Precipitation Index series were calculated via precipitation data of 29 sites located in the selected area and the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation satellite. The Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) was used for obtaining the temporal features of time series, and further decomposition was performed using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) to have more stationary time series. Then, multiscale zoning was done based on subseries energy values via two clustering methods, namely the self-organizing map and K-means. The results showed that the MODWT–EEMD–K-means method successfully identified homogenous drought areas. On the other hand, correlation between the satellite sensor data (i.e. the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the Vegetation Condition Index, the Vegetation Healthy Index, and the Temperature Condition Index) was evaluated. The possible links between central stations of clusters and satellite-based indices were assessed via the wavelet coherence method. The results revealed that all applied satellite-based indices had significant statistical correlations with the ground-based drought index within a certain period. HIGHLIGHTS Discussing the spatiotemporal variations of drought using in situ observations and satellite-based datasets.; Applying the hybrid MODWT–EEMD–K-means method for catching similar zones.; Discussing the possible links between the SPIs of the central stations of clusters and satellite-based drought indices via the wavelet coherence (WTC) method.; Evaluating drought conditions using the satellite-derived NDVI and LST products.;

Herber Danilo Guerra Quemé, Félix Alan Douglas Aguilar Carrera

La remoción de nutrientes en las aguas residuales, ha sido de interés debido a los efectos que provoca cuando están presentes en altas concentraciones, por lo que el presente artículo se enfoca en evaluar la remoción de nutrientes. Se analizaron los parámetros de nitrato (NO3- N), nitrógeno amoniacal (NH3-N) y fosfatos (PO43-) del agua residual proveniente del efluente del módulo de filtros percoladores de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual de la Universidad de San Carlos, se evaluaron los parámetros mencionados, en el día de la toma de muestra y el día de mayor presencia de algas generadas de forma natural. La investigación se realizó con 10 muestras que permiten tener un nivel de confiabilidad del 95 % en los resultados obtenidos, se identificó crecimiento máximo de algas con la medición de color verdadero, durante 14 días de observación. Se determinó que el séptimo día a partir de la toma de muestras se presenta el mayor valor de unidades de color con un incremento de 5 UD a 40 UD. El valor promedio de nitrógeno amoniacal (NH3-N) disminuyó de 1.15 mg/l a 0.42 mg/l equivalente a una reducción de 63.3%, nitratos (NO3-N) de 344.3 mg/l a 415.8 mg/l equivalente a una incremento de 20.8% y el fosfato (PO43-) de 18.27 mg/l a 13.72 mg/l equivalente a una reducción de 24.9%. Con el objetivo de determinar que sucede con el ciclo del nitrógeno se evaluó el nitrito (NO2--N), dando como resultado un incremento de 5.9 veces su valor promedio inicial de 0.2 mg/l a 1.4 mg/l, lo que confirma que en el proceso de remoción se lleva a cabo el ciclo del nitrógeno.

Luis Rodolfo Castro García

El artículo sobre el tratamiento terciario de aguas residuales consiste en el diseño, construcción y evaluación a escala laboratorio de la unidad de electrocoagulación, determinando los parámetros de diseño, tales como dimensiones, espesor de las placas, corriente y voltaje óptimos; una vez construida la unidad se tomaron las muestras de agua residual del sedimentador secundario de la planta de tratamiento de la colonia Aurora II, se realizaron ocho repeticiones evaluando para cada una el porcentaje de remoción de los macronutrientes nitrógeno y fósforo. La evaluación se realizó para un tiempo de retención en la unidad de una hora, se alcanzaron remociones de 27% para el nitrógeno y 82.5% para el fósforo. La unidad tiene una capacidad para 20 litros, su tiempo de vida útil se estima en ocho años y el costo por metro cúbico de agua residual tratada es de Q28.23 ($3.50).

Melisa Noemi León Urrutia

El uso de agua en los hogares genera aguas residuales de dos tipos de efluentes; el primero asociado a materia fecal y el segundo a las aguas grises, producto de materia orgánica, sedimentos y detergentes. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar tres prototipos de filtros para el tratamiento de aguas grises domésticas, cada filtro con una composición diferente de geotextiles de tipo no tejidos. Los cuales trabajan con una filtración directa en un sistema por gravedad. Específicamente se evaluó la eficiencia en la remoción de demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO5), demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y sólidos suspendidos totales. Además, se midieron el potencial de hidrógeno (PH) y coliformes totales y fecales, con el fin de analizar su comportamiento. Los Resultados de sólidos suspendidos totales reflejaron un promedio de remoción de 40% en el filtro A, 34% en el filtro B y 28% en el filtro C. En cuanto a los porcentajes de remoción de DQO fueron 16% en el filtro A, 13% en el filtro B y 10% en el filtro C. Los porcentajes de remoción obtenidos en DBO5 fueron de 17% en el filtro A, 15% en el filtro B y 17% en el filtro C. Mientras que en los parámetros de coliformes totales y fecales cuyo resultado demostró niveles altos de contaminación, los filtros no presentaron un resultado favorable, ya que no lograron remover ningún porcentaje de estos parámetros. Respecto al potencial de hidrógeno se mantuvo menor a 7.80.

Christian Edgardo Saravia Solares

La quema del diablo se celebra cada año el 7 de diciembre a las 18:00 horas en Guatemala, tradición que en hacer fogatas en la calle. La contaminación del aire en la ciudad de Guatemala se ha evaluado cualitativamente o basado en estimaciones, por lo que es necesario cuantificar la contaminación del aire cuando se presenta el evento. Se instalaron sensores que miden las partículas con diámetro aerodinámico de 2.5 micrómetros (PM2.5) y 10 micrómetros (PM10).  La medición se inició a las 00:00 y se concluyó a las 24 horas. El rango para PM2.5  con valores promedio se encuentra entre 15 a 8 µg m-3 y máximo de 152 µg m-3 y para PM10 promedio 26 a 14 µg m-3 y máximo de 267 µg m-3. Los resultados indican que en el periodo entre las 18:00 a las 21:30 horas, se incrementaron los niveles de partículas de PM2.5 y PM10, a partir de las 22:40 horas, se tuvo picos de las concentraciones de PM2.5 y PM10 debido probablemente a la contaminación arrastrada de los vientos predominantes del noreste y estenordeste, con promedios que superan los límites permitidos de las guías de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del 2005, para material particulado PM2.5  25 µg m-3 y PM10 50 µg m-3.

Iliev Iliya, Terziev Angel, Beloev Hristo

An energy analysis and assessment of the feasibility of the development and implementation of a condensing economizer (CE) for steam generator TGM-96A has been made. The condensing economizer is characterized with a very high heating capacity of 21 to 23.5 Gcal/h and will cool the fuel gases from 123°C down to 47°C. The utilized heat will be used to heat three water loops: two loops with District Heating Network water (DHN) and one with raw water from the Dnieper River. The expected improvement in the efficiency of the steam generator is 10.55%. Complete thermal calculations of the condensing economizer have been carried out along with a definition by flow and temperature of the heat carriers. Based on the calculations of the heat and mass transfer processes, the thermal capacity of the economizer under the conditions of partial condensation of water vapor from the flue gases was estimated. The analysis presents an objective assessment of the project’s investments, as well as other financial indicators and environmental benefits that give the investor the opportunity to put the project into operation.

José Manuel Aguilar Quezada

Las aguas tratadas provenientes del efluente de una laguna facultativa utilizada para el tratamiento secundario de las aguas residuales de origen doméstico de la colonia Aurora II en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales Arturo Pazos Sosa, pueden ser reusadas en un tratamiento terciario mediante la utilización de alevines de carpa común (Cyprinus carpio) y carpín dorado (Carassius auratus). En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de la investigación utilizando un sistema de estanques a pequeña escala con alevines de carpa común y carpín dorado, configurados en paralelo donde el caudal proveniente del efluente de la laguna facultativa del tratamiento secundario fue distribuido equitativamente a cada uno de los estanques, con un tiempo de retención hidráulica (TRH) de diseño de 76 minutos aproximadamente. Cada estanque contenía 25 alevines por tipo, esto con el fin de evaluar la eficiencia de remoción de los parámetros de calidad del agua seleccionados. Se determinaron ocho muestreos de calidad del agua en la entrada y salida del tratamiento terciario durante cuatro meses. Las muestras simples o puntuales se tomaron cada quince días, para un total de treinta y dos muestras. Para evaluar la eficiencia de remoción del tratamiento terciario fueron seleccionados tres parámetros principales, siendo estos la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO5), el fósforo total y los coliformes fecales. La eficiencia de remoción de los alevines de carpa común fue de 8.86% para la DBO5, 7.13% para el fósforo total y 7.46% para los coliformes fecales. La eficiencia de remoción de los alevines de carpín dorado fue de 7.69% para la DBO5, 7.97% para el fósforo total y 8.47% para los coliformes fecales. La eficiencia en la remoción de los parámetros evaluados por la presencia de los alevines fue menor al 10.0%, por tal razón no se recomienda la utilización de peces como tratamiento terciario, sin embargo, pueden ser utilizados como bioindicadores capaces de demostrar que la calidad del agua en los efluentes de la laguna facultativa es buena

Ana Gloria Montes Peña, Adán Pocasangre Collazos

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de la evaluación de un reactor anaeróbico con bafles (ABR) construido a escala laboratorio, para determinar su eficiencia en el tratamiento del agua miel generada en un beneficio húmedo de café ubicado en Santa Rosa Guatemala. Con base a los análisis fisicoquímicos realizados se determinó que el reactor era capaz de aumentar el potencial de hidrógeno en un 23% pasando de 3.5 a 4.3 unidades, la alcalinidad disminuyó de 4,100 a 1,833 mg/L de CaCO3 obteniendo una eficiencia del 54%, la demanda química de oxígeno disminuyó un 61% modificándose con el tratamiento de 20,816 a 6,700 mg/L y la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno pasó de 16,511 a 5,541 mg/ teniendo una disminución del 37%.

Manuel Fernando Luna Lemus

En la parte alta de la cuenca del río Pixcayá, se observa el aumento de áreas utilizadas para actividades agrícolas (sin prácticas de conservación de suelos) en zonas que presentan pendientes no aptas para la agricultura, lo cual causa erosión hídrica, que implica perdida o degradación de los suelos por el arrastre de sedimentos hacia los cuerpos de agua. En el presente artículo muestra la producción de sedimentos resultado del cambio de uso de la tierra, en base a la ecuación modificada de pérdida de suelo MUSLE por sus siglas en Ingles, aplicando Sistemas de Información Geográfico –SIG-. Se utilizó información de uso de la tierra de los años 2003 y 2012. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, para los años estudiados, en la parte alta de la cuenca del río Pixcayá, se incrementaron las áreas agrícolas en 6.90 km2 y las áreas pobladas en 4.87 km2 y que la producción de sedimentos se incrementó en 61%, pasando de doscientas treinta y cinco mil toneladas en 2003 a trecientas ochenta y seis mil toneladas en 2012. En la cuenca del río Pixcayá el uso de la tierra tiene una relación directa con la producción de sedimentos, ya que influye en la variación del número de curva (proporción de agua escurrida para un área dada) y en el factor C (la resistencia que ofrece la cobertura del suelo a la erosión).

M. Fencl, M. Dohnal, J. Rieckermann et al.

Increasing urbanization makes it more and more important to have accurate stormwater runoff predictions, especially with potentially severe weather and climatic changes on the horizon. Such stormwater predictions in turn require reliable rainfall information. Especially for urban centres, the problem is that the spatial and temporal resolution of rainfall observations should be substantially higher than commonly provided by weather services with their standard rainfall monitoring networks. Commercial microwave links (CMLs) are non-traditional sensors, which have been proposed about a decade ago as a promising solution. CMLs are line-of-sight radio connections widely used by operators of mobile telecommunication networks. They are typically very dense in urban areas and can provide path-integrated rainfall observations at sub-minute resolution. Unfortunately, quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from CMLs are often highly biased due to several epistemic uncertainties, which significantly limit their usability. In this manuscript we therefore suggest a novel method to reduce this bias by adjusting QPEs to existing rain gauges. The method has been specifically designed to produce reliable results even with comparably distant rain gauges or cumulative observations. This eliminates the need to install reference gauges and makes it possible to work with existing information. First, the method is tested on data from a dedicated experiment, where a CML has been specifically set up for rainfall monitoring experiments, as well as operational CMLs from an existing cellular network. Second, we assess the performance for several experimental layouts of <q>ground truth</q> from rain gauges (RGs) with different spatial and temporal resolutions. The results suggest that CMLs adjusted by RGs with a temporal aggregation of up to 1 h (i) provide precise high-resolution QPEs (relative error  &lt;&thinsp;7 %, Nash&ndash;Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient  &gt;  0.75) and (ii) that the combination of both sensor types clearly outperforms each individual monitoring system. Unfortunately, adjusting CML observations to RGs with longer aggregation intervals of up to 24 h has drawbacks. Although it substantially reduces bias, it unfavourably smoothes out rainfall peaks of high intensities, which is undesirable for stormwater management. A similar, but less severe, effect occurs due to spatial averaging when CMLs are adjusted to remote RGs. Nevertheless, even here, adjusted CMLs perform better than RGs alone. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that the joint use of multiple CMLs together with RGs also reduces bias in their QPEs. In summary, we believe that our adjustment method has great potential to improve the space&ndash;time resolution of current urban rainfall monitoring networks. Nevertheless, future work should aim to better understand the reason for the observed systematic error in QPEs from CMLs.

J. Hall, B. Arheimer, M. Borga et al.

There is growing concern that flooding is becoming more frequent and severe in Europe. A better understanding of flood regime changes and their drivers is therefore needed. The paper reviews the current knowledge on flood regime changes in European rivers that has traditionally been obtained through two alternative research approaches. The first approach is the data-based detection of changes in observed flood events. Current methods are reviewed together with their challenges and opportunities. For example, observation biases, the merging of different data sources and accounting for nonlinear drivers and responses. The second approach consists of modelled scenarios of future floods. Challenges and opportunities associated with flood change scenarios are discussed such as fully accounting for uncertainties in the modelling cascade and feedbacks. To make progress in flood change research, we suggest that a synthesis of these two approaches is needed. This can be achieved by focusing on long duration records and flood-rich and flood-poor periods rather than on short duration flood trends only, by formally attributing causes of observed flood changes, by validating scenarios against observed flood regime dynamics, and by developing low-dimensional models of flood changes and feedbacks. The paper finishes with a call for a joint European flood change research network.

Ristić Ratko, Radić Boris, Nikić Zoran et al.

Torrential floods represent the most frequent phenomenon within the category of “natural risks” in Serbia. The representative examples are the torrential floods on the experimental watersheds of the rivers Manastirica (June 1996) and Kamišna (May 2007). Hystorical maximal discharges (Qmaxh) were reconstructed by use of ″hydraulics flood traces″ method. Computations of maximal discharges (Qmaxc), under hydrological conditions after the restoration of the watersheds, were performed by use of a synthetic unit hydrograph theory and Soil Conservation Service methodology. Area sediment yields and intensity of erosion processes were estimated on the basis of the “Erosion Potential Method”. The actual state of erosion processes is represented by the coefficients of erosion Z=0.475 (Manastirica) and Z=0.470 (Kamišna). Restoration works have been planned with a view to decreasing yields of erosive material, increasing water infiltration capacity and reducing flood runoff. The planned state of erosion processes is represented by the coefficients of erosion Z=0.343 (Manastirica) and Z=0.385 (Kamišna). The effects of hydrological changes were estimated by the comparison of historical maximal discharges and computed maximal discharges (under the conditions after the planned restoration). The realisation of restoration works will help decrease annual yields of erosive material from Wа=24357 m3 to Wа=16198.0 m3 (Manastirica) and from Wа=19974 m3 to Wа=14434 m3 (Kamišna). The values of historical maximal discharges (QmaxhMan=154.9 m3•s-1; QmaxhKam=76.3 m3•s-1) were significantly decreased after the restoration (QmaxcMan=84.5 m3 •s-1; QmaxcKam=43.7 m3•s-1), indicating the improvement of hydrological conditions, as a direct consequence of erosion and torrent control works. Integrated management involves biotechnical works on the watershed, technical works on the hydrographic network within a precisely defined administrative and spatial framework in order to achieve maximum security for people and their property and to meet other requirements such as: environmental protection, sustainable soil usage, drinking water supply, rural development, biodiversity sustaining, etc. The lowest and the most effective level is attained through PAERs (Plans for announcement of erosive regions) and PPTFs (Plans for protection from torrential floods), with HZs (Hazard zones) and TAs (Threatened areas) mapping on the basis of spatial analysis of important factors in torrential floods formation. Solutions defined through PAERs and PPTFs must be integrated into Spatial Plans at local and regional levels.