Hasil untuk "Regional economics. Space in economics"

Saiful Anwar, Ega Rusanti, Dewi Rahmawati Maulidiyah

This study aims to examine whether the adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards enhances carbon emission disclosure among banks in Indonesia. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence that the presence of women on boards moderates the relationship between GRI adoption and carbon emission disclosure. The study was conducted on 40 conventional and Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2015–2021. The analysis employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with robustness tests conducted using alternative measurement variables to ensure the consistency of the results. The findings consistently demonstrate that the adoption of GRI Standards positively influences carbon emission disclosure in Indonesian banks. The presence of women on boards promotes banks’ engagement in global climate change agendas, aligning with the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5, 8, and 13. This study reinforces stakeholder theory and Critical Mass Theory, indicating that a minimum threshold of female board members is necessary to influence strategic decisions, particularly in encouraging voluntary disclosures such as carbon emission reporting. Notably, the study also finds that carbon emission disclosure is valued by banking stakeholders in Indonesia. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to establish regulations that mandate GRI adoption and ensure a minimum representation of women in strategic decision-making positions within the banking sector.

Kasprzyk Beata

The subject-matter and aim of this paper is to present the extent of poverty and economic and social exclusion in the countries of the European Union (EU-27). The specific aim is the comparative assessment and reduction of these processes between 2011 and 2022.

Arvind Panagariya

This paper examines two aspects of the digitalization of finance in India, which has been surprisingly robust and fast growing. Much of this success is due to the government's introduction of a biometric identity known as Aadhaar. Because financial transactions require definitive proof of identity of the transacting parties, Aadhaar provides this proof without any document via biometric verification, thus greatly facilitating electronic transactions. The paper also documents the impact of digital financialization by showing examples of entrepreneurship, both directly in the fintech space through the creation of new web-based services as well as the rise of new businesses that make use of the fintech infrastructure that has been created.

Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude, Steve Nkem Ibenta, Gideon Kasie Ezu et al.

Purpose - This paper investigates the effect of commercial bank regulations, namely the price, product, and geographic regulations, on the intermediation function of commercial banks in Nigeria.  Methods - Using secondary data from 1986 to 2017 from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank, this study employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model and Granger causality framework. Findings - This paper provides evidence of a long-run relationship between commercial bank regulation and intermediation function represented by private sector credit to RGDP (regional gross domestic product). It also finds that commercial banks' regulation index through price, product, and geographic regulation has a positive relationship with intermediation function. Furthermore, the long-run relationship between commercial bank regulation and intermediation function described by private sector credit to RGDP is affirmed. Implication - The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) needs to relax the product regulation to allow commercial banks to engage in various conventionally non-banking activities. Originality - The paper contributes to the literature by ascertaining the commercial banks' intermediation function to Nigeria's economic growth and development.

Kuźmicki Marek, Borysiuk Magdalena

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper is to identify the professional expectations of students of Economics at the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. The paper presents also respondents’ opinions on particularly desirable values of potential employers.

Nancy Merary Jiménez-Martínez

Integrated solid waste management (ISWM) is the strategy for waste policy in Mexico. It entails a complex reorganization of waste services that disrupts preceding action systems and ignores previous local practices, such as scavenging, an informal activity whose goal is the recovery of materials from waste. The objective of this paper is to understand the governance of waste in a context of formal and informal rules in the central region of Mexico.

Janina Kotlińska, Grzegorz Kotliński

The development of business operations requires coordination of many activities undertaken by entities from various sectors of the economy. Among them, financial institutions and local governments play a significant role. The implementation of development plans of enterprises requires coordination of cooperation with them. During this process, the interests of all parties are reconciled so that the implementation of the plans becomes possible and beneficial. The aim of the study is to identify potential barriers and to set out possible levels of cooperation between companies that declare their intention to expand and their financial institutions and local government authorities, competent for the aims of development plans. The study contains observations and considerations of the authors, supported by a literature query in the field of the undertaken topic.

Grigoryan A. A., Borodavkina N. U.

Circular economy has been studied extensively both in Europe and worldwide. It is largely viewed as a potential strategy for societal development, aimed to increase prosperity while reducing dependence on raw materials and energy. Many businesses regard circular economy as a way to enhance economic growth and increase profits. Governments across the world actively engage in the discussion about the benefits of a transition to a circular economy and about its impact on employment, economic growth, and the environment. This paper aims to study the major issues of circular economy, to identify its advantages, and to offer an insight into the transition stage the Baltic States are undergoing today on their way to circular economy. It is stressed that the Baltic countries are not fully using the opportunities offered by a circular economy. For example, Latvia’s, Lithuania’s, and Estonia’s recycling rates are significantly below those of other European countries. The Baltics depend heavily on EU financial support. An increase in funding will contribute to the implementation of circular economy technologies.

Garold Efimovich Zborovsky , Polina Anatolyevna Ambarova

The subject-matter of the analysis are the characteristics and forms of cooperation between universities of Ural Federal District on the basis of their typology. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity and possibility of network interaction between universities of the macro-region. We prove the importance and potential effectiveness of universities network interaction in the terms of socio-economic uncertainty of the development of Ural Federal District and its higher education. Networking interaction and multilateral cooperation are considered as a new type of inter-universities relations, which can be activated and intensified by strengthening the relations of universities with stakeholders. The authors examine certain concrete forms and formats of network interaction and cooperation between universities and discuss selected cases of new type of relations. In it, they see the real and potential innovation of higher school nonlinear development processes. The statements of the article allow to confirm the hypothesis about the reality of strengthening the network interaction in macro-region. It can transform higher education in the driver of socio-economic development of Ural Federal District; ensure the competitiveness of higher education of the macro-region in the Russian and global educational space; enhance its role in the society; become one of the most significant elements of nonlinear models of higher education development in the country. The authors’ research is based on the interdisciplinary methodology including the potential of theoretical sociology, sociology of higher education, economic sociology, management theory, regional economics. The results of the study can form the basis for the improvement of the Ural Federal District’s educational policy.

Zainal Arifin

Di tengah harga saham yang tidak kunjung membaik, mulai pertengahan tahun 1992 banyak perusahaan mencari sumber lain untuk membiayai investasinya dengan menawarkan obligasi pada bulan Juni. Kemudian disusul perusahaan-perusahaan lain termasuk PLN yang permintaan obligasinya sampai oversubscribed.

Elena Leonidovna Andreeva, Hermann Simon, Dmitry Andreyevich Karkh et al.

This article presents the findings of the study on the role of innovative entrepreneurship in the regional economy. The analysis is based on the methodology developed by Hermann Simon, a German scientist who has coined the term ”hidden champions” describing the phenomenon of little-known successful companies that act as innovative growth engines in the German economy. Today, the economies in different countries are developing amid the ”new normal,” in which no expected recovery followed the global crisis of 2008. This makes it necessary to rethink the role of entrepreneurship during a prolonged recession. The authors proposed and tested the hypothesis that, in this environment, the economic growth in the country and the region is increasingly determined not so much by large businesses, but by many small innovative companies. To identify Russian ”hidden champions,” we studied more than 1247 companies listed in the Innovation and Investment Market, a specialized section of the Moscow Exchange, and included in the specialized Register of Business Entities that use nanotechnology. We identified specifically Russian features of innovative entrepreneurship related to national cultural and historical characteristics and the current policy of import substitution. The authors proposed their own method for assessing the innovative entrepreneurship as a source of economic growth in the Russian regions that defines five groups of innovative entrepreneurs (global market leader, one of the global market leaders, Russian market leader, one of the Russian market leaders, not the leader in the Russian market) and compares them with large companies in terms of turnover and profit dynamics. Based on such criteria as ”number of ”hidden champions” and ”number of large enterprises per 100 thousand organizations,” we built a model for the ratio of ”hidden champions” to major companies in the Russian regions that identifies, for each criterion, three subgroups, including leaders, medium-tier and outsiders, which allowed to identify nine types of Russian regions and substantiate different development strategies for main types of regions. The study confirms that the most justified strategy for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region is the strategy of cooperation between different types of companies in order to overcome their weaknesses, enhance existing opportunities and activate the innovation and entrepreneurial capacity.

Nazym Aminovna Uruzbaeva

The existence of the specific conditions and development factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the regions of Kazakhstan supposes the differentiated state policy in order to maintain a favorable business climate. The article presents the results of the research whose purpose was to determine the main issues and directions of the improvement of the business climate in the regions. This allows to intensify the activities of local authorities in support of SMEs considering the peculiarities of the territories’ development. The subject matter of this research is the conditions and factors generating the business climate of the region. As a hypothesis, a direct connection between the prevailing regional business climate and the development of the quantitative indicators of active SMEs in the field was assumed. The study used the method of comparative analysis, sociological methods of focus groups, survey research, statistical methods and statistical methods of ranking and grouping. The article theoretically substantiates the correctness of the usage of «business climate» category as a scope of the study in the framework of the project of «Implementation of «Business Climate» as an Independent Rating», which makes possible the argumentation of the used methodology and concretization of the factors affecting the functioning of SMEs in the regions. This research has confirmed the direct correlation between the established business climate in the regions and quantitative indicators of the development of SMEs at the local level. Such factors as “financial resources” and “government support” have been determined as limiting the business development in a greater degree. In conclusion, a set of measures to improve the business climate in the region both at national and regional levels of government has been provided. In addition, it has been concluded that to generate a favorable business environment in the regions of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to make a smooth transition from a policy of “identification and punishment of unfair entrepreneurs” to a policy of “prevention and promotion of good business”. The results of the research can be used in the work of the local executive authorities in order to improve the business climate in the regions of the country.

H. Soeharsono Sagir

Pendanaan pembangunan nasional dalam PJPT I (1969/70-1993/94) dalam APBN menunjukkan, bahwa negara kita belum berhasil menggali sumber dana pembangunan dari dalam negeri (tabungan pemerintah), terjadi peningkatan ketergantungan sumber dana pembangunan dari utang luar negeri dalam Pelita IV serta secara mencolok; sebagai dampak kemerosotan harga minya bumi, sedang di lain pihak penerimaan nonmigas (Pajak) belum dapat menjadi andalan.

Gianni Betti

This paper aims at properly measuring and evaluating the impact of equivalence scales on poverty and inequality at both national and regional (Oblast) level in Ukraine. A new equivalence scale set is proposed and estimated on the basis of the UHLSC data; for some regions the precision of the estimate results as not being sufficient due to small sub-sample sizes. A variant of EBLUP small area estimation technique is proposed and implemented to estimate poverty measures properly and to reduce standard errors of such estimates; the variant concerned is based on a ratio approach: in this way the effect of the difficult-to-qualify institutional and historical factors, common to the country and its regions, is abstracted.

Eko Atmadji

The administered price of fuel has increased quite frequently since 1970. It has raised a concern on the survival ability of manufacturing firms that could be weakened by such policy. This research objective is for confirming whether the policy of increasing fuel price affects the survival of manufacturing firms in Indonesia. By using Instrumental Variable Probit Model, it demonstrates that increasing fuel price does not affect firms’ survival in the short-run, middle-run, as well as long-run. Nevertheless, the z-statistics increase when the period of estimation is expanded. It means that if the time span of sample observation is widened, the result might be different. Keywords: Fuel price, survival ability, instrumental variable probit model JEL classification numbers: H27, D22 Abstrak Harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) selalu meningkat sejak 1970. Kenaikan harga ini telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran pada kemampuan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia yang bisa dilemahkan oleh kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengonfirmasi apakah kebijakan kenaikan harga BBM mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup perusahaan industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan Instrumental Variable Probit Model, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan harga BBM tidak mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidupperusahaan dalam jangka pendek, menengah, serta jangka panjang. Namun demikian, z-statistik meningkat ketika periode estimasi diperluas. Ini berarti bahwa jika rentang waktu pengamatan sampel melebar, hasilnya mungkin akan berbeda. Kata kunci: Harga BBM, kemampuan bertahan hidup, instrumental variable probit model JEL classification numbers: H27, D22

Patrícia Andrade de Oliveira e Silva

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os avanços e os limites na análise da queda recente verificada na desigualdade no Brasil. É sabido que durante os anos 2000, a alteração verificada no Índice de Gini teve como efeitos a redução expressiva da pobreza extrema, com um crescimento de quase 20% na renda desses indivíduos. No entanto, apesar da melhora nos rendimentos - derivado da conjugação entre o aquecimento da economia nacional (com expansão do consumo, melhora dos preços relativos e maior atuação das políticas sociais) e internacional - alguns trabalhos argumentam que a desigualdade deve ser vista por um prisma multidimensional. Nesse sentido, pretende-se sintetizar e analisar a literatura acerca do tema, demonstrando as suas limitações e propondo novos enfoques para o estudo da realidade brasileira.

Samsubar Saleh, Bambang Suprayitno

This research investigates the trade creation and trade diversion of Indonesia manufactures importfrom extra and intra ASEAN countries after ASEAN economic integration. Using regression analysis,the study suggests that Indonesia manufactures import has been diverted from extra ASEANcountries both in short run and long run. In the short run, the ASEAN economic integration doesnot result in trade creation for Indonesia manufactures import from intra-ASEAN countries. Thismight stems from the insignificant difference Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) andMost Favoured Nation (MFN) tariffs and the existence of non-tariff barriers. Keywords: Economic integration, trade creation, trade diversion, Indonesia manufacturesJEL classification numbers: F15, O14

María de los Ángeles Castro Montero

Rokhedi Priyo Santoso

Free trade agreement of ASEAN Plus Three will effectively be implemented in 2010. The establishment of the free trade area will facilitate the realization of potential intra-trade as well as increasing competition of Indonesian products especially manufactures which are intensively traded with the Three. This paper is aimed at analysing the potential trade com-petition and trade complement of Indonesia manufactures to China, Japan, and Republic of Korea under that agreement. Manufactures data used are 3 digits SITC 6 between 1996 and 2006, inclusively. For that purpose, this paper employs an export similarity index (ESI) to identify competitive trade relation; and intra-industry trade index (IIT) to determine com-plementary trade relation. The main finding is that Indonesia and China has more competi-tive trade relation for all categories of manufactures. Both countries have greater similarity in their export structures than that of Japan and Republic of Korea. Conversely, Indonesian manufactures industries have higher complementary trade relation with Japan than with China or Republic of Korea. Thus, forming free trade area between ASEAN and the Three would bring potential competition challenge from China as well as opportunity of intra-industry trade expansion especially from Japan. Keywords: Trade Complementary, Trade Competition, Export Similarity Index, Intra Indus-try Index

Mieczysław Kowerski