Hasil untuk "Professions (General). Professional employees"

Sara Cannavacciuolo, Maria Saiz, Maria Liviana Mattonetti

This paper addresses the methodology for the quarterly estimation of Compensation of Employees paid by the General Government (GG) sector, in accordance with the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). Due to the limited high-frequency data availability and the need to guarantee the consistency with annual constraints, quarterly estimation relies on indirect temporal disaggregation techniques. These methods use specific infra-annual indicators as proxies for the variables being estimated. The specific case of the quarterly estimation of Compensation of employees presents several additional challenges. Firstly, the information provided by the sources, based on cash or legal-accrual data, is elaborated to define indicators which respect the accrual ESA 2010 principle as the annual estimates, based on more compliant data sources such as final budgets of public entities. Secondly, at a quarterly level the extraordinary events - such as the recording of delayed collective bargaining agreements which result in arrears - have a strong impact on quarterly indicators, whereas their effect is mitigated at annual level. To attribute these flows to the period when the work is performed, multi-source data harmonization techniques are employed. Thirdly, to accurately reflect intra-annual dynamics, information is collected for specific groups of GG entities (e.g., regions and provinces) and aggregated into ESA 2010 GG sub-sectors (Central Government, Local Government, Social Security Funds) leading to three specific estimates. To validate temporal disaggregation models and ensure methodological rigor and data quality, statistical tests are applied throughout the process. The results confirm the effectiveness of this methodology in providing accurate and timely quarterly estimates of Compensation of employees for the GG sector, thereby supporting reliable short-term economic analysis and policy making.

Morten Timmermann

Fredrik Thue

Anders Buch

Lejf Moos

A. N. Koterov, L. Ushenkova, A. A. Wainson et al.

Based on a search in a supported database of sources for standardized mortality ratio (SMR; compared with the general population) for all causes and all cancer mortality for various professions and types of employment, in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Elibrary, through Google, Google Scholar and in the reference lists of found sources, a complete/representative sample of studies of SMR all causes and SMR all cancer for personnel of biomedical, agricultural, chemical and some other research laboratories (a total of 39 sources and 3 reviews) was formed. Meta-analyses performed on the basis of this sample demonstrated a high Healthy Worker Effect (HWE) for all causes for the total group of workers, for the group including biomedical, sanitary and agricultural laboratories, and for the group of chemists. SMR (±95 % confidence intervals) were, respectively: 0.63 (0.58; 0.68); 0.65 (0.57; 0.74) and 0.62 (0.56; 0.68). For SMR all cancer HWE, although of a smaller value, it was demonstrated for the first and second groups: 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.75; 0.96) and 0.78 (95 % CI: 0.70; 0.88), respectively. At the same time, for chemists, no excess in mortality from all cancers was noted either: 0.88 (95 % CI: 0.74; 1.05). The HWE values for laboratory workers were compared with those for occupations characterized by the highest HWE values (cosmonauts/astronauts, athletes, pilots, nuclear workers, and the military; individual studies, meta- and pooled analyses). It was found that the scientific laboratory personnel had a HWE level for SMR all causes comparable to that of athletes and nuclear workers. However, the SMR all cancer index for laboratory researchers was significantly higher than in all comparison groups, with the exception of the military, which is obviously due to contacts with a variety of carcinogenic factors when working in laboratories. Due to the absence of prerequisites for the formation of HWE characteristic of the compared contingents for the researchers, an assumption was made that the decrease in overall mortality among laboratory personnel may be primarily due to a scientific mindset, which allows them to better navigate the causal dependencies of life and more adequately prevent various consequences, rather than a special lifestyle, increased socioeconomic status and a decrease in the frequency of smoking (as some authors suggest). Analysis of the influence of the radiation factor (external and internal irradiation) on the studied mortality rates for laboratory workers revealed some effects in relation to certain types of malignant neoplasms (leukemia, myeloma, lung cancer, bone cancer, etc.), but a number of them were not previously recognized as radiation-induced and their increase may be a consequence of the effect of other carcinogenic factors of work in chemical, biochemical, molecular biological and other laboratories.

Kehkshan Khalid, Anam Naz

Background: The shift to remote and hybrid work models after the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced psychosocial hazards that may elevate burnout risk beyond levels observed in traditional high-contact professions. Although emotional exhaustion rates of 20–50% are well documented among healthcare and social service workers, prevalence in general remote and hybrid populations remains inconsistent, with limited data on modifiable predictors such as work–life boundaries, isolation, and supervisor support. Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout and emotional exhaustion among remote and hybrid workers in technology, education, and finance sectors and to identify independent organisational and psychosocial predictors of high emotional exhaustion. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study from January to April 2025, recruiting 247 remote and hybrid employees via professional networks and workplace platforms. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey, with high emotional exhaustion defined as ≥27, high depersonalization as ≥10, and low personal accomplishment as ≤33. Psychosocial factors were measured with validated Likert-scale items. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for gender, sector, work model, and confounders identified predictors of high emotional exhaustion. Results: High emotional exhaustion affected 63.1% (95% CI 56.9–68.9) of participants, and overall burnout (at least two elevated domains) 41.7% (95% CI 35.7–47.9). Fully remote workers had significantly higher emotional exhaustion than hybrid workers (mean difference 3.7, p=0.004). Independent predictors included poor work–life boundaries (adjusted OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.65–4.31), work hours >45/week (OR 2.11, 1.31–3.39), and isolation (OR 1.24 per unit, 1.10–1.40). Conclusion: Emotional exhaustion is highly prevalent among remote and hybrid workers and is strongly driven by blurred boundaries, extended hours, and isolation. Organizational interventions targeting these factors may reduce burnout risk in flexible workforces.

D. Murko, Sarwar Khawaja, F. Qureshi

Abstract Background and purpose While the occupation of a train driver can be likened to other transportation professions like truck or bus drivers, it is essential to note that there are distinct hazards exclusive to this role that have a notable impact on the mental and physical well-being of train drivers. The study aims to define personal characteristics, work organisation and work characteristics, professional development and work in general in connection with risk factors among employees who perform the work tasks of train drivers in railway transport. Methodology The study on train drivers in Slovenia was conducted with 179 participants, representing 13.3% of the total population of train drivers. The sample was predominantly male and varied in age, most hailing from the Podravska region. The OPSA digital tool was used to analyse risk factors and gauge psychosocial stress across 17 areas, using a questionnaire split into two sections. Data was collected through online and physical surveys, with voluntary and anonymous participation. Results The study found that the personal characteristics of train drivers do not significantly impact their perception of workplace workload. While professional development factors negatively influenced workload perception, the impact was not statistically significant. However, general work characteristics strongly impact how train drivers perceive their workload. These findings suggest that interventions should focus on modifying general work characteristics to improve train drivers’ work conditions. Conclusions These findings have important implications for the railway industry. They suggest that interventions aimed at improving the work conditions of train drivers should focus on modifying general work characteristics rather than targeting personal characteristics or professional development factors. Future research should explore these relationships and develop strategies to mitigate the identified risk factors.

Hanne Meyer-Johansen

The article advocates for a more socially transformative and non-individual-oriented approach to social pedagogy, emphasizing the potential of the empowerment concept in efforts to contribute to individuals' emancipation and the transformation of their life conditions. The significance of this pedagogical aim is examined based on an exploration of the historical development of social pedagogy as a normative and political foundational idea, inspired by two central pedagogical and learning theorists: Paulo Freire and Oskar Negt. Drawing on these critical social analyses and transformative possibilities, illustrative examples from previous studies of social pedagogical practice are included to uncover the presence or absence of educators' reflections on critical social and transformative perspectives and transgressive orientations. The prevailing societal tendency towards an individualized and organizationally internal perspective is revealed to dominate, with the reduced social pedagogical potential inherent in such a compensatory view of citizens. However, another study indicates that the need for pedagogical encounters across the organizational frameworks of the workplace can highlight the importance of a broader societal perspective, with solidaristic identification and a focus on the empowerment of the citizens involved. This might be a useful way to contribute to a renewed generation of meaning and a transformative dimension of social pedagogical work, as well as its practitioners in this field.

N. A. NENAST'EV, N. N. Yashalova

The object of the study is vacancies for environmental professionals and their resumes on the web platform HeadHunter; the subject is the social and professional characteristics of these professionals expressed through the obtained statistical data. The purpose of the paper is to create a socio-professional portrait of a Russian-qualified eco-oriented specialist. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of professional classification of “green collars”– salaried employees engaged in environmental protection. The research methods are analysis, synthesis, statistics, and modeling. The authors obtained the following results: they formulated the definition of the concept of “green worker”, specified the list of “green” professions for analysis, selected the essential characteristics of eco-oriented workers, and compiled a general portrait of an average “green” salaried employee. The authors conclude that it is necessary to expand the geography of the “green” employment policy throughout the Russian Federation and encourage women and young aged 18 to 30 years to work in the “green” sector by offering remote work options, and part-time employment, introducing internships for applicants with less than a year of work experience.

O. A. Melyakova, G. Kuchumova

The staff schedule includes 8.8 thousand positions of forestry workers, and the average number of employees is 6.8 thousand people. There is a steady shortage of labor resources. The situation is typical for all enterprises of the industry of the Ural Federal District. A large number of vacancies in this field is associated with a complex of problems that have accumulated in forestry and require solutions. It is known that the average wage of workers employed in forestry is lower than the wages of workers in all economy sectors in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In recent years, there has been a decrease in interest in this type of activity, a decline in the prestige of forestry professions, and as a result, an insufficient professional level of management personnel is recorded. The training of students in the training program “Forestry”, the profile “Forestry” involves the formation of general professional competencies that will help “to create and maintain safe conditions for the implementation of production processes.” In connection with the transition to the new FSES 3++, and the changes made to the curricula for the life safety discipline, it is necessary to find new ways and approaches to the formation of general professional competencies of students. Practices, and especially industrial ones, have a close connection between theoretical and practical training. We propose to gradually implement the development of skills and abilities of the GPC-3 through practice to form competencies fixed by the life safety discipline.

Hilda Maze, Sanja Zorič, Bojan Rosi et al.

Abstract Background and Purpose Quality within a healthcare system does not comprise only actions defined through certificates or required by law, standards and protocols; it is also defined by the well-being of healthcare workers on the one hand and patients on the other. The purpose paper is to analyse the link between the engagement of nurses and factors related to enhancing patient quality and safety. Methods The research involved 206 nursing employees from Slovenia’s general hospitals. The questionnaire consists of four sections: employee engagement, the measure of self-efficacy, statements referring to various tools and methods that are used in nursing in daily work and that contribute to the quality of work, interpersonal relationships in the workplace between different professional groups within medical treatment, and attitude towards changes. Results Compared to other professions, nursing employees showed an above-average level of engagement. Younger respondents were more engaged in their work, and their self-efficacy level was higher. The frequency of using tools intended to enhance the quality of nursing correlates statistically typically and positively with self-efficacy, engagement and willingness to accept change. The analysed factors are interdependent. Engagement results from workplace interactions; employees who feel better in their workplace will be more oriented towards the future, be more open to innovation, and use various tools and approaches to enhance the work’s quality. Conclusion Analysed concepts are closely connected and interdependent. The findings are essential for the successful and efficient management of hospitals and for ensuring patient quality and safety.

Elvira Fetahu, Lenida Lekli

This paper aims at providing a general view of the world of entrepreneurship in Elbasan helping to understand the direction and skills workers should be trained for. Employees of a business characterized by a satisfactory level of vocational training and competencies, including soft skills help a lot in promoting and encouraging successful business competitiveness in the sector where it operates. However, creating such a competitive team is a real challenge nowadays in the context of many confrontations with problems of the external environment but also as a result of many other factors related to the employees' education, training, individual skills, etc. This research, focused on Elbasan, intends to present an extensive analysis of the data collected through a detailed and well-elaborated questionnaire for a sampling of 39 selected businesses in 5 main sectors. These businesses' data were collected about their employees, their soft skills' mastering, their professional training, internships, and future needs for professions in cases where businesses have anticipated their growth. Finally, the study presents its main findings highlighting the professional competencies currently required by the labor market, current workplaces, and the selected businesses. Furthermore, the paper provides recommendations for businesses, employees also the institutions involved in this process, whose applicability would create further improvements in business services, employability, and improvement of workers’ skills within the framework of soft ones.

Mette Vedsgaard Christensen

Anna Mountford-Zimdars, Jeffrey K. Grim

Elite university admissions are administered by a range of organizational actors depending on national and institutional contexts. While the outcomes of high-stakes elite university admissions have been studied extensively, the opaque admissions selection process remains undertheorized and understood. Using theories of professions and systems theory to examine unique qualitative interview data from admissions selectors in both the U.S. and England, this paper sheds light on the opaque decision-making of elite university admissions shaped by professional contexts and organizational dynamics. We find that the self-regulated profession of professors and the less autonomous professional staff selectors influence the decision-making processes of elite university admissions. Understanding elite university admissions based on the macro/meso-context of professions and their organizational system structure offers a theoretically original approach for future research and the potential to create more equitable admissions processes through new change strategies.

Camille Stephanus, Josiane Vero

Employees in low-skilled jobs have limited agency when it comes to professional retraining. Career transitions for low-skilled white-collar workers, despite their frequent desire to change professions, are often hindered; they prove to be more common but constrained and externally driven for low-skilled blue-collar workers.

M. Schweizer, N. Straumann, A. Wipf

We adapt the post-Newtonian gravitational-radiation methods developed within general relativity by Epstein and Wagoner to the gravitation theory with torsion, recently proposed by Hehl et al., and show that the two theories predict in this approximation the same gravitational radiation losses. Since they agree also on the first post-Newtonian level, they are at the present time - observationally - indistinguishable.

Camden L. Lopez

Modern demands of the statistics profession call for reimagining statistics training. The discipline needs to attract and develop students who are effective as real-world problem solvers, interdisciplinary collaborators, communicators, leaders, and teachers. Demand for statistics professionals with broad technical and non-technical skills has grown in a variety of settings, but especially in business and industry. Academic curricula, though, remain primarily oriented around a narrow, technical conception of statistics. Advanced graduate-level training essentially is limited to research doctorate (PhD) programs which tend to prioritize theoretical and methodological research over development of effective applied statisticians. Other professions, such as those of physicians and surgeons, have training oriented around a professional doctorate, as opposed to a research doctorate. The statistics profession should consider not only changes to PhD curricula, but also the potential for a professional doctorate, drawing ideas from the curricula of other professional degrees such as the MD.

Tareq Lubbadeh

Job Burnout is different work-related stress syndrome portrayed by three-dimension Emotional Exhaustion, Professional inefficacy, and Cynicism. Earlier burnout research has centered on the human service professions such as nursing and teaching, where they are assumed to be the most exposed to experience burnout. However, Burnout is not confined only to social service professions but spreads to other working professions such as banking employees and managers. This paper traces the evolution of Job Burnout. It addresses the factors and the Outgrowths of job burnout and the intervention strategies to decrease or overcome it. It also presents the primary measurement of Job Burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Burnout Measure (BM), and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Lastly, the paper closes with a brief conclusion.

Stephen Kemmis, Nick Hopwood

Working with others is key to professionalism but little attention has been given to how specific actions contribute to collective practices to secure shared ends in work. This essay considers how professionals’ actions connect with one another in distributed (multi-participant) work practices. Recently, Hopwood, Blomberg, Dahlberg and Abrant Dahlgren identified a new way of viewing how professionals in distributed practices coordinate their actions to accomplish shared ends, in terms of phenomena they describe as “connective enactments” and “collective accomplishments”. In this essay, we explore the possibility that these phenomena have far more general application than the cases studied by Hopwood et al. We use the theory of practice architectures to outline this more general account and test its viability in by examining a case of culinary services practices. This more generalised account may offer new ways to understand features of distributed work practices and enhance professional practice and learning.