Hasil untuk "Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics"

Pankaj R. Beldar, Dr. Atulkumar Patil, Dr. Mahesh Shelar et al.

This research investigates the effectiveness of Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) in enhancing student comprehension of complex mechanical engineering concepts, such as fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, FEA, and mechanics. The integration of tools like MATLAB, SolidWorks, ANSYS Fluent, AutoCAD, FluidSim, BricsCAD, and GeoGebra allows students to simulate theoretical mechanics and engineering graphics, bridging the gap between theory and practice. Additionally, Machine Learning playgrounds offer hands-on AI experience. A key novelty is the development of an Automatic Engineering Drawing Sheet Evaluation Algorithm, utilizing Python-based image processing to automate the assessment of technical drawings, increasing efficiency and accuracy. GeoGebra further serves as a tool for assessing geometric transformations in engineering graphics. Integrating simulation tools into the first-year Engineering Graphics course has significantly enhanced Course Outcomes (CO) and Program Outcomes (PO), particularly PO5 (Modern Tool Usage), with a 94.29% improvement. Tools like AutoCAD and GeoGebra have enhanced student understanding of Orthographic Projections and Isometric Views, reflected in improved test scores and positive feedback. Case studies showcase how these tools align with various POs, highlighting the critical role of SBL in modern mechanical engineering education

ساناز توفیقی, علی شمس ناتری

خیس شدن پارچه باعث تغییر رنگ آن می‌شود. بنابراین، برای کنترل رنگ پارچه در فرایند رنگرزی، پیش‌بینی رنگ پارچه در حالت خیس بسیار مهم است. در این مقاله از مدل هندسی برای پیش‌بینی طیف انعکاسی پارچه نایلونی خیس بر اساس طیف انعکاسی حالت خشک آن استفاده شد. برای این منظور، نمونه‌های پارچه نایلونی با رنگزای اسیدی قرمز، آبی و زرد به صورت تکی و مخلوط رنگرزی شدند. آنالیز عامل‌های رنگی نمونه­ها نشان داد خیس شدن سبب تغییر رنگ، کاهش روشنایی و افزایش عمق رنگی پارچه می‌شود. از یک مدل هندسی و کیوبلکا-مانک، برای پیش‌بینی طیف انعکاسی پارچه نایلونی خیس استفاده شد. به منظور پیش‌بینی انعکاس پارچه در حالت خیس به روش مدل هندسی، از مقادیر ضریب جذب مولار رنگزا (ɛ)، ضریب جذب مولار رنگزا اصلاح شده، k/s واحد و k/s واحد اصلاح شده استفاده شد. خطای پیش‌بینی بر حسب اختلاف رنگ (ΔECMC) در چهار روش پیش­بینی، استفاده از مقادیر ضریب جذب مولار رنگزا، ضریب جذب مولار رنگزا اصلاحی، k/s واحد و k/s واحد اصلاح شده، به ترتیب 18.69، 15.51، 6.87 و 5.71 است. بهترین پیش‌بینی توسط مدل هندسی با استفاده از k/s واحد اصلاح ‌شده به دست آمد.

Elena Maria Formia, Flaviano Celaschi, Andreas Sicklinger

The article presents a definition of the concept of SWaT (Small Walled Town), identifying them as a paradigm to test and verify design driven approaches to enhance cultural heritage. It starts with a critical literature review to highlight the development of a research field that led to theoretical and applied outcomes, with a specific focus on the Italian design community and context. In doing so, a possible synthesis of the most recurrent approaches is proposed to arrive at the most advanced of recent years. The main theme of the research is then presented, defining SWaT as a specific form of cultural heritage within which reactivation and valorisation measures can be implemented, using the typical approach of design cultures. Finally, the most comprehensive interpretation of the wall concept inherent in the concept of SWaT is proposed, understanding its metaphorical and cultural dimensions as design challenges.

R. R. Anamova, S. Leonova, E. Churakova et al.

Project-based learning is an educational technology, the center of which is the student, and the goal is to form his independence, initiative and creativity. These qualities are developed through his own actions in the process of learning interesting and significant topics for further professional activity. The project-based learning method is more applicable to disciplines with a practical focus. Within the framework of this article, one of the ways to introduce project-based learning into the discipline of Engineering Graphics at a technical university is considered. As you know, project training is called educational technology, the center of which is the student himself, and the goal is to form his independence, initiative and creativity. These qualities are developed through his own actions in the process of learning interesting and significant topics. Such topics exist when studying the discipline “Engineering Graphics” in the section “Mechanical Engineering”, in particular, when studying the topic of developing design documentation for assembly units. Acquisition of skills in working with such engineering and graphic information, in particular additive technologies, at this stage of studying the subject, such principles of project training are observed as problematicity – inclusion of a thought process to solve a given situation and integrativeness; – connection of formed knowledge systems and specific training rules. Using the example of the section “Machine-building drawing”, it is shown how you can combine the study of the topic “Development of design documentation for assembly units” with the design of a product and the manufacture of its prototype on a 3D printer. The proposed approach makes it possible to implement such principles of project-based learning as problemativeness – the inclusion of a thought process to solve a specific practical problem – and integrativity – the connection of formed knowledge systems and specific learning rules.

F. Zhang, Jing Zhu

With the development and popularization of computer application technology, the use of computer graphics and image processing technology has become the main means of modern engineering design and drawing. Learning and mastering 3D modeling technology and mechanical information modeling technology have become an important goal of learning engineering drawing. To meet the teaching requirements of the “New Engineering” program, higher education should cultivate innovative talents with the ability to identify, express, analyze, and solve complex engineering problems; promote the transformation of teaching methods for the course of “Mechanical Drawing and Computer Drawing” from “teaching well” to “learning well.” This change is not only a change in course content, but also a change in training objectives. It introduces modern 3D design concepts into the drawing course, constructs a learning system with 3D modeling technology as the main line, solves the problem of imagination in traditional teaching, makes the learning process more in line with scientific cognitive laws, better meets the needs of modern manufacturing industry for new technologies, and improves students’ drawing skills and ability to use modern tools (computer drawing).

Anurag Shrivastava, H. Goyal, Layth Hussein et al.

This study examines the significant advancements in computer graphics and mechanical drawing, with an emphasis on how these developments have revolutionised engineering design precision and visualisation. For engineers and designers, integrating cutting-edge computer-aided design (CAD) tools and visualisation technologies has become crucial as sectors continue to adapt to issues that are ever more complex. The study focusses on significant developments that improve design accuracy and enable detailed visual representations of engineering concepts, including augmented reality (AR), simulation methods, and 3D modelling. Professionals can streamline the engineering workflow by using CAD software to produce complex drawings that are both exact and easily customisable. Before physical prototyping takes place, decision-making based on examination of the product's performance under different conditions is made possible by the integration of simulation modelling. Furthermore, by offering immersive experiences that let stakeholders see and interact with 3D models in actual settings, augmented reality applications transform design assessments. The research emphasises the importance of these advances in enhancing engineering teams' cooperation, efficiency, and communication through a thorough examination of them. The ultimate goal of this research is to pinpoint future paths for the integration of computer graphics and mechanical drawing, opening the door for improved engineering design and development processes.

شهریار مهدوی, مهسا موسوی, امین ترنجیان

هدف این پژوهش، بررسی کارایی جاذب‌های بیدلیت و گرافن در حذف رنگزای کنگورد از آب به منظور بهبود فرآیندهای تصفیه آب است. رنگزای کنگورد به دلیل خطرات زیست‌محیطی و بهداشتی، نیازمند حذف مؤثر از منابع آبی است. در این پژوهش، جاذب‌های بیدلیت و گرافن با آنالیزهای دستگاهی همانندSEM, FTIR, EDAX, XRD  و پتانسیل زتا  بررسی می‌شود. اثر عواملی نظیر غلظت جاذب، pH، دما و زمان تماس بر روی جذب رنگ مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که جاذب گرافن با راندمان 87.66 درصد در دمای 50 درجه سانتی‌گراد و 9pH= و جاذب بیدلیت با راندمان 80.78 درصد در دمای 20 درجه سانتی‌گراد و 6pH= بهترین عملکرد را در حذف کنگورد از آب داشتند. مدل‌های سینتیکی شبه مرتبه دوم و ایزوترم فروندلیچ به ترتیب بهترین برازش را با داده‌های آزمایشگاهی نشان دادند. همچنین، بررسی متغیرهای ترمودینامیکی نشان داد که فرآیند جذب در هر دو جاذب گرافن و بیدلیت خودبه‌خودی اما واکنش در بیدلیت گرمازا و گرافن گرماگیر بود. ضمنا ظرفیت جذب برای گرافن و بیدلیت به ترتیب 5.47 و 6.73 میلی‌گرم بر گرم به‌دست آمد. نتایج آزمایش‌های واجذب نشان دادند به ویژه در غلظت‌های پایین رنگزا میزان بازیافت بالا است. بنابراین با توجه کارایی بالای جاذب‌های بیدلیت و گرافن در حذف رنگزای کنگورد و امکان استفاده مجدد از آن‌ها در فرآیندهای تصفیه آب، پژوهش‌های بیشتر بر روی این ترکیبات توصیه می‌شود.

Leonardo Moiso, Sofia Cretaio, Cristina Marino et al.

The contribution presents a collective learning system developed by the Innovation Design Lab team within the Innovation Module of the Master’s Degree in Systemic Design of the Politecnico di Torino. A strategy aimed at the development of all those soft skills useful to bring out the potential of the individual’s contribution in projects of entrepreneurial, innovative, and sustainable impact. The research shows the results of educational methodology that integrates digital ecosystems and collaborative tools, highlighting how, from the students’ visions, emerges the urgency to design new future-oriented teaching-learning practices.

Päivi Ahvonen, Satu Miettinen

Design Ethics for Including Those on the Margins

Jun Sun, Chenyu Li

The introduction of three-dimensional design experiment teaching in engineering drawing teaching. The experimental platform of "network engineering drawing" is established, and the corresponding multimedia teaching software is developed using WebVR, ASP, database and other technologies. The 3D modeling method of the reducer is established by using UGNX and optimized accordingly. In order to solve the problem that UGNX mode introduces packet loss in the simulation system, the model and data are reconstructed separately. Using VisualStudio2019 as the development platform, the 3D modeling of the reducer is realized. The establishment of the engineering graphics design virtual simulation system helps enterprises to simulate operations before actual production and processing. It greatly improves production efficiency and reduces production costs.

Sonia Sarkar, Arun Kiran Pal

In this paper the different salient features of the old and new version of Indian paper currency notes have been studied and compared. The list of security features of Indian currencies have been mentioned and discussed. Various kinds of conventional methods that are used to detect authenticity and to recognize a note has been explained. It has been observed that each technique has its own objective and significance. There are many conventional tools that can be used to recognize different features of a note. To classify different techniques, the detection method comprises of two parts i.e., the first line detection method and the second line detection method. Physical dimensions of a paper note along with its thickness have pointed out a new parameter which is the diagonal of a genuine currency note that has been calculated to obtain a proposed standardization and each value differs from different denominations. The classification of different Indian banknotes giving emphasis on its characteristics, both salient and security features, dimensions and detection methods has been mentioned and briefly explained. For validation of the paper currencies two methods have been discussed emphasizing on fuzzy logic framework by taking into consideration a 3-point likert scale and another validation methodology using digital image processing.

Jure Ahtik

The goal of the study was to determine how close the eye-tracking results predicted by the AI model are to actual measurements and whether they can be used in scientific research or in real business cases. The study was based on a carefully prepared photo database of 30 photos of varying complexity and colour. The photos were shown to 110 participants (age and gender evenly distributed), and eye-tracking device (Tobii X120) was used to measure how the photos were viewed. In comparison, the same photos were tested using an AI-based application (Expoze.io). The final results show the comparison between the heatmaps and transparent gaze visualisations of the collected data with the two used measurement methods. Suggestions are made in which cases and how the two described methods should be used.

Manuela Celi, Ammer Harb

Design and Future Studies are intrinsically related fields. Both fields pursue the goal to introduce potential visions of the future to achieve a sustainable future for humanity. However, future challenges are becoming more evident with the increasing ubiquity of socio-technological advancements. Over the past three decades, several movements have emerged with the shared objective of being critical of design (Mazé, 2019); these movements are attempting to operate outside the external borders of market-driven enquiry (Malpass, 2017). These practices require a critical examination of the possibilities to achieve change that mitigate unfavourable consequences. This paper reflects on the way that the Research through Design approach can affect these practices through the activities and devices we have developed and refer to as the Critical Catalyst (CC). We applied this approach to MSc students in Integrated Product Design at the Design School at the Politecnico di Milano. The results of this experience are condensed into nine provo-types (provocative prototypes) presented at the end of the course. This paper examines the CC design future process and reflects upon the experience and tools by analysing the critical choices.

Mohammed B. Al-Fadhli

The G2 gas cloud motion data and the scarcity of observations on the event horizon-scale distances have challenged the comprehensiveness of the central supermassive black hole model. In addition, the recent Planck Legacy 2018 release has confirmed the existence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background power spectra, which prefers a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level higher than 99%. This study investigates the impact of the background curvature and its evolution over conformal time on the formation and morphological evolution of central compact objects and the consequent effect on their host galaxies. The formation of a galaxy from the collapse of a supermassive gas cloud in the early Universe is modelled based on interaction field equations as a 4D relativistic cloud-world that flows and spins through a 4D conformal bulk of a primordial positive curvature considering the preference of the Planck release. Owing to the curved background, the derived model reveal that the galaxy and its core are formed at the same process by undergoing a forced vortex formation with a central event horizon leading to opposite vortices (traversable wormholes) that spatially shrink while evolving in the conformal time. The model shows that the accretion flow into the supermassive compact objects only occurs at the central event horizon of the two opposite vortices while their other ends eject relativistic jets. The simulation of the early bulk curvature evolution into the present spatial flatness demonstrated the fast orbital speed of outer stars owing to external fields exerted on galaxies. Furthermore, the gravitational potential of the early curved bulk contributes to galaxy formation while the present spatial flatness deprives the bulk potential which can contribute to galaxy quenching. Accordingly, the model can explain the relativistic jet generation and the G2 gas cloud motion if its orbit is around one of the vortices but at a distance from the central event horizon. Finally, the formation of a galaxy and its core simultaneously could elucidate the growth of the supermassive compact galaxy cores to a mass of ~10⁹ <i>M</i>_⊙ at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the current Universe age.

Tatjana Karpenja

Packaging is omnipresent and has evolved through times reflecting the changes in society and in our lifestyles. The modern packaging industry gradually shifted its focus from a product-centred to a human-centred approach and is now starting to embrace a new era in which packaging is considered from a broader perspective — a so-called life-centred design perspective. The reasons behind the constant change are many, from market demands, rapid technological development, rapid population growth, to political steering due to resource and other societal constraints. A life-centred design of packaging value cycles is one that will take into account the well-being of and interaction between all ecosystems. Answers will be discovered through an inclusive exploratory journey of how it should be done.

Ilir R. Doçi, Shpetim Lajqi

Abstract: All new students at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, take an Engineering Graphics course in the first semester. The subject is divided into two sections: Technical Drawing and Descriptive Geometry. To teach lectures, professors use didactic equipment such as LCD projectors and drawing on the table. Assistants demonstrate exercises by drawing mechanical parts in the table. In 2014, teachers began using digital presentations with animations in their lectures. They contain developed presentations using PowerPoint software with stepby- step animations of mechanical parts. The paper examines the effectiveness of this methodology from both the student and teacher perspectives. The study is based on a survey of students, teachers’ experiences, and a comparison of exam results. The analysis discusses the methodology's effectiveness, presentation quality, knowledge gained, ease of learning, impact on exam pass rate, and other benefits.The following are some key findings from this paper: students accept and favor this teaching methodology; it is more effective than hand drawing; it has a significant impact on exam pass rates; and it is simple to understand the lectures. Teachers like this methodology because it allows for step-by-step explanation with animations; repeating options; presentations are created only once, easy corrections, developing many examples of mechanical parts with less effort, and students can easily access them. The paper contributes to a new teaching methodology for students in their first year of Engineering studies, Bachelor level, in the subject of Engineering Graphics. Keywords: Engineering graphics, Teaching methodology, Digital presentations, Animations, Higher education, Teaching survey.

Manuel Pastor-Cintas, Luis Felipe-Sesé, Ángel Molina-Viedma et al.

Recently, the combination of Fringe Projection (FP) and 2D Digital Image Correlation (2D-DIC) has become a low-cost alternative for measuring deformations even in dynamic events such as vibration testing. FP and DIC are displacement measurement techniques, so high frequency vibration tests associated with low levels of displacement suppose a challenge. By means of Phase-Based Motion Magnification algorithm (PBMM), the periodic displacement observed in an image sequence can be magnified. This makes it possible to measure clear displacement maps by FP + 2D-DIC even when subtle displacement occurs. This methodology allows a better interpretation of the vibration behavior of mechanical components. In this work, the behavior of a beam excited at its natural frequencies has been studied, showing the potential of PBMM and FP + 2D-DIC

Anoushka Khandwala

Y. Chen

Engineering Graphics is an important core course and an introductory course for mechanical majors. Only when students master the relevant knowledge of mechanical drawing course can they learn the follow-up courses better. This paper mainly studies the teaching reform of engineering graphics course based on engineering certification under the background of big data. Through oriented engineering education professional certification of professional reform and practice, improve the quality of the talent training and professional recognition, in preparation for the smoothly through professional certification, and to the local undergraduate colleges and universities for students majoring in mechanical and other positive effects to the cultivation of the students of engineering specialty, the improvement of international competitiveness for Chinese engineering education support.