Hasil untuk "Literature (General)"

Jiaqi Xiong, Orly Lipsitz, F. Nasri et al.

Background As a major virus outbreak in the 21st century, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. While psychological support is being provided to patients and healthcare workers, the general public's mental health requires significant attention as well. This systematic review aims to synthesize extant literature that reports on the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population and its associated risk factors. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to 17 May 2020 following the PRISMA guidelines. A manual search on Google Scholar was performed to identify additional relevant studies. Articles were selected based on the predetermined eligibility criteria. Results: Relatively high rates of symptoms of anxiety (6.33% to 50.9%), depression (14.6% to 48.3%), post-traumatic stress disorder (7% to 53.8%), psychological distress (34.43% to 38%), and stress (8.1% to 81.9%) are reported in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, Spain, Italy, Iran, the US, Turkey, Nepal, and Denmark. Risk factors associated with distress measures include female gender, younger age group (≤40 years), presence of chronic/psychiatric illnesses, unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19. Limitations A significant degree of heterogeneity was noted across studies. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with highly significant levels of psychological distress that, in many cases, would meet the threshold for clinical relevance. Mitigating the hazardous effects of COVID-19 on mental health is an international public health priority.

R. Rajkumar

Highlights • Subsyndromal mental health concerns are a common response to the COVID-19 outbreak.• These responses affect both the general public and healthcare workers.• Depressive and anxiety symptoms have been reported in 16–28% of subjects screened.• Novel methods of consultation, such as online services, can be helpful for these patients.• There is a need for further long-term research in this area, especially from other countries

Yang Liao, G. Smyth, Wei Shi

MOTIVATION Next-generation sequencing technologies generate millions of short sequence reads, which are usually aligned to a reference genome. In many applications, the key information required for downstream analysis is the number of reads mapping to each genomic feature, for example to each exon or each gene. The process of counting reads is called read summarization. Read summarization is required for a great variety of genomic analyses but has so far received relatively little attention in the literature. RESULTS We present featureCounts, a read summarization program suitable for counting reads generated from either RNA or genomic DNA sequencing experiments. featureCounts implements highly efficient chromosome hashing and feature blocking techniques. It is considerably faster than existing methods (by an order of magnitude for gene-level summarization) and requires far less computer memory. It works with either single or paired-end reads and provides a wide range of options appropriate for different sequencing applications. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION featureCounts is available under GNU General Public License as part of the Subread (http://subread.sourceforge.net) or Rsubread (http://www.bioconductor.org) software packages.

Linda Rhoades, R. Eisenberger

L. D. de Beer, L. van der Vaart, Maximiliano Escaffi‐Schwarz et al.

Abstract: This study sought to investigate the measurement properties of a “gold standard” instrument for measuring burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), with a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies that had as the primary aim its psychometric validation. The search spanned from January 1996 to December 2022 using the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, APA PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Our search identified 35 eligible studies for inclusion in the systematic review. Of these, 17 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the original 16-item version studies supported a three-dimensional representation of burnout with modest internal consistencies. However, similar to the narrative findings, it also indicated the viability of a two-factor solution. Consequently, the structural validity of the MBI-GS remains unclear, and so does its cross-cultural validity. The criterion validity of the cynicism and personal efficacy scales also raised a few questions. Overall, the findings provided some support for the adequacy of the measurement properties of the MBI-GS as a research tool measuring exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy. However, we also identified challenges and practices of which researchers should be cognisant and that they should consider in future burnout projects.

Konstantinos Solakis, V. Katsoni, A. Mahmoud et al.

PurposeThis is a general review study aiming to specify the key customer-based factors and technologies that influence the value co-creation (VCC) process through artificial intelligence (AI) and automation in the hospitality and tourism industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a theory-based general literature review approach to explore key customer-based factors and technologies influencing VCC in the tourism industry. By reviewing the relevant literature, the authors conclude a theoretical framework postulating the determinants of VCC in the AI-driven tourism industry.FindingsThis paper identifies customers' perceptions, attitudes, trust, social influence, hedonic motivations, anthropomorphism and prior experience as customer-based factors to VCC through the use of AI. Service robots, AI-enabled self-service kiosks, chatbots, metaversal tourism and new reality, machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) are technologies that influence VCC.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this research inform a theoretical framework articulating the human and AI elements for future research set to expand the models predicting VCC in the tourism industry.Originality/valueFew studies have examined consumer-related factors that influence their participation in the VCC process through automation and AI.

B.V. Nikolaev, N.A. Pavlova

Background. Domestic diplomacy and international legal science played a leading role in the formation of the institution of peaceful resolution of international disputes. It was Russia that initiated two Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907. However, this issue has not received sufficient attention from domestic and foreign researchers, the latter, however, actively studied the role of the United States, Great Britain, France and other countries in terms of the development of the institution of peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this regard, the study of the content and results of the Second Peace Conference and its historical significance seems relevant and scientifically significant. The purpose of the work is to identify the main directions and achievements of the Hague Peace Conference of 1907 in the context of the development of the institution of peaceful resolution of international disputes. Materials and methods. These objectives are achieved by analyzing the official materials of the 1907 Hague Peace Conference, official acts of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, assessments of the conference's achievements given by its participants themselves, as well as international treaties and scientific literature. Results. The work analyzes the work and results of the 1907 forum from the point of view of the development of the institution of peaceful resolution of international disputes. Conclu-sions. The study allows us to draw a conclusion about the special role of Russian diplomacy and international legal science in the codification of the institution of peaceful resolution of international disputes and the progressive development of international law in general.

Graziano Domenico Luigi Crudele, Alberto Amadasi, Lorenzo Franceschetti et al.

Background: In forensic pathology, asphyxia presents a problem as frequently as it is thorny and challenging. Some knowledge in forensic pathology is still considered to be traditionally acquired and is not critically assessed with modern statistical or technical tools. In this study, we seek to examine the injuries that are considered to be typical of cases of hanging (neck lesions, haemorrhages, and pleural and epicardial petechiae). Methods: We evaluated whether there was, indeed, a statistically significant association between these injuries and deaths from hanging as compared to non-hanging deaths. We collected 399 cases (32 deaths by hanging and 367 cases of non-hangings), built contingency tables and performed chi-square tests for each variable (lesion) examined; we also analysed this association in various subgroups of the sample (according to sex, age and weight ranges). Results: Our results did not deviate from the expected outcome based on traditional knowledge, although they do provide a more detailed demonstration and clarification of traditional knowledge regarding this topic. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights for future discussion, examination and deepening of knowledge that is traditionally accepted but often undersupported in the literature.

محمد المهداوي , صادق محمد

تعد الرموز من التقانات المهمة  التي تثير فضول المتلقي وتزيد رغبته في الوصول الى قصد الشاعر ، والكشف عن دلالاتها القارة داخل نتاجه الشعري ، فديناميكية الرمز تكفل ولوج القارئ الى عمق النص ، فعمل القارئ يصبح فضاء لقراءات متعددة ، ذات الدلالة البعيدة عن الواقع المذكور ، إذ ان الرمز المكاني في النص الأدبي أداة فاعلة في كشف الخبايا النصية المفروزة من دلالاته في بعده المعبر عن البوح المكنون في أهواء الشاعر المكبوتة في دواخلها والمنطوية على ذاتها ، لذا فان اختيار هذا الموضوع يعد محاولة لتسليط الضوء على تلك الرموز وبخاصة الطللية منها ، وإظهار أهميتها في شعر حسام الدين الحاجري ، وما دامت الرموز متعلقة بالقارئ أكثر من ارتباطها بالنص ، لذا وجب على القارئ تفكيك تلك الرموز ، فهذا البحث قائم على رصدها والكشف عن مكنوناتها وبخاصة الرموز (الطللية) بوصفها مكانا محملا بأبعاد وايحاءات كثيرة .

A. V. Zamkovaya

Modern technology is expanding the possibilities of classes and determining the need for new forms of learning. The study of multimedia technology is currently developing in an academic way. Visuals in general play a huge, sometimes decisive role in digital communication. The article is devoted to the usage of video materials in the foreign language classes, the author considers the methods of video resources usage in the process of teaching foreign languages, aimed at forming communicative competence of the students. The author analyses psycho-didactic possibilities of audiovisual teaching materials. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of clip thinking, the level of visual literacy and the typology of video resources for teaching foreign languages. The aim of the article is to develop a methodology of applying teaching and authentic video resources in the process of foreign language teaching aimed at forming audiovisual literacy and communicative competence of students. The author concludes that the rational use of video materials and video resources contributes to a deeper involvement of students in learning a foreign language, stimulates the development of creative thinking, social skills, contributes to the mastery of knowledge, skills and abilities of understanding, speaking and writing.

Laia Cuesta-Casanovas, Jennifer Delgado-Martínez, Josep M. Cornet-Masana et al.

Abstract Background Development of precision medicine requires the identification of easily detectable and druggable biomarkers. Despite recent targeted drug approvals, prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients needs to be greatly improved, as relapse and refractory disease are still difficult to manage. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Based on in silico-generated preliminary data and the literature, the role of the prolactin (PRL)-mediated signaling was interrogated in AML. Methods Protein expression and cell viability were determined by flow cytometry. Repopulation capacity was studied in murine xenotransplantation assays. Gene expression was measured by qPCR and luciferase-reporters. SA-β-Gal staining was used as a senescence marker. Results The prolactin receptor (PRLR) was upregulated in AML cells, as compared to their healthy counterpart. The genetic and molecular inhibition of this receptor reduced the colony-forming potential. Disruption of the PRLR signaling, either using a mutant PRL or a dominant-negative isoform of PRLR, reduced the leukemia burden in vivo, in xenotransplantation assays. The expression levels of PRLR directly correlated with resistance to cytarabine. Indeed, acquired cytarabine resistance was accompanied with the induction of PRLR surface expression. The signaling associated to PRLR in AML was mainly mediated by Stat5, in contrast to the residual function of Stat3. In concordance, Stat5 mRNA was significantly overexpressed at mRNA levels in relapse AML samples. A senescence-like phenotype, measured by SA-β-gal staining, was induced upon enforced expression of PRLR in AML cells, partially dependent on ATR. Similar to the previously described chemoresistance-induced senescence in AML, no cell cycle arrest was observed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of PRLR in AML was genetically validated. Conclusions These results support the role of PRLR as a therapeutic target for AML and the further development of drug discovery programs searching for specific PRLR inhibitors.

Diana Castilleja

En un contexto actual de creciente polarización y politización en torno a las cuestiones migratorias, se analizan cinco propuestas de cómics y narrativas gráficas que contribuyen a visibilizar voces y espacios olvidados de la migración latinoamericana hacia Estados Unidos. Se hace hincapié en el rol de la hibridez genérica al otorgar y reforzar la legitimidad del relato de historias personales y colectivas mediante la inserción de la autobiografía, el testimonio, el reportaje, el western o la ciencia ficción, entre otros. El corpus elegido: Migrar (Mateo y Martínez, 2011), Cita en Phoenix (Sandoval, 2016), La cicatriz. En la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos (Ferraris y Chiocca, 2019), Barrera (Vaughan, Martín y Vicente, 2019) y Ana (Arriaga y Ramos, 2021), da cuenta de las múltiples posibilidades que ofrecen estas narrativas gráficas que dejan de ser divertimento para participar activamente en la configuración de un discurso socialmente comprometido.

Tareq Lubbadeh

Job Burnout is different work-related stress syndrome portrayed by three-dimension Emotional Exhaustion, Professional inefficacy, and Cynicism. Earlier burnout research has centered on the human service professions such as nursing and teaching, where they are assumed to be the most exposed to experience burnout. However, Burnout is not confined only to social service professions but spreads to other working professions such as banking employees and managers. This paper traces the evolution of Job Burnout. It addresses the factors and the Outgrowths of job burnout and the intervention strategies to decrease or overcome it. It also presents the primary measurement of Job Burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Burnout Measure (BM), and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Lastly, the paper closes with a brief conclusion.

R. Popenoe, A. Langius-Eklöf, E. Stenwall et al.

Academic theses at the bachelor’s and master’s levels in nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, public health and related fields often take the form of general reviews of published research on a relevant clinical issue. While there are many guides to doing literature searches and evaluating article quality, there are to our knowledge no published detailed guides of how to do the actual data analysis in such general literature reviews, particularly that are applicable to students. This article seeks to describe a systematic method of data analysis appropriate for undergraduate research theses, where the data consists of the results from available published research. We present a step-by-step guide with authentic examples and practical tips.

M. Lacerda, L. F. A. Pessoa, F. B. L. Neto et al.

Abstract This paper presents a systematic literature review on general parameter control for evolutionary and swarm-based algorithms. General methods can be applied to any algorithm, parameter or problem, in contrast to methods that are tailored to specific applications. In this literature review, a total of 4449 studies were retrieved by the search engines and only 50 of them were selected to the extraction phase. Finally, only 15 were fully analyzed and discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature review on such a field and one of the very few systematic reviews on parameter adjustment for those algorithms.

Rami Alkhudary, Xavier Brusset, P. Féniès

This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the literature addressing blockchain technology (BT) in general management and economics (GME).,A systematic literature review methodology is used to collect and analyze the literature.,Three clusters of research are identified, namely, law, economy and innovation. The use of BT in law areas fosters the registration of intellectual property (IP) rights, although conflict between some of BT applications and regulatory frameworks is present. Research on cryptocurrencies is of high interest to the economy today. In the innovation cluster, BT improves security, traceability and transparency in operations over supply chains. However, BT has many technical imperfections that hinder its wide adoption. Furthermore, the need for the full commitment of all business actors complicates its implementation. Research on BT is still at a nascent stage. Conceptual papers dominate the literature (18 theories are discussed). Eight main future research directions are described. For example, the relationship between the use of BT in supply chains and competitive advantage is not established; and quality standards for BT platforms are not developed.,The review is restricted to academic journals in the fields of GME, which limits the extent of the conclusions.,The paper synthesizes 47 studies published in academic journals, avoiding misleading claims and inaccurate information insofar as possible; and provides a spectrum of descriptive statistics and qualitative meta-synthesis analysis of the current literature.

Vitaly V. Kikavets

The basis of legal relations in public procurement are private and public interests. The purpose of the study is a substantive assessment of the authors hypothesis that the purpose of legal regulation and financial support of public procurement is to satisfy the public interest expressed in the form of a public need for goods, works, and services. The methodological basis of the study rests on historical and systematic approach, analysis, synthesis and comparative-legal methods. The results of the analysis of normative legal acts regulating public procurement, doctrinal literature and practice showed that public interest denounced in the form of public need is realized through public procurement. Public and private interests can be realized exclusively jointly since these needs cannot objectively be met individually. In general, ensuring public as well as private interests boils down to defining and legally securing the rights and obligations of the customer and their officials, which safeguards them in the process of meeting public needs through public procurement. The study revealed the dependence of the essence of public interest on the political regime, which determines the ratio of public and private interests. Public interest in public procurement is suggested to understand as the value-significant selective position of an official or another person authorized by the government, which is expressed in the form of the public need for the necessary benefit; gaining such benefit involves both legal regulation and financial security. The purpose of legal regulation of public procurement is to satisfy public interest. These concepts should be legally enshrined in Law No. 44-FZ.

Justin Rashtian, Diana E. Chavkin, Zaher Merhi

Abstract A mounting body of the literature suggests that environmental chemicals found in food and water could affect female reproduction. Many worldwide daily-used products have been shown to contain chemicals that could incur adverse reproductive outcomes in the perinatal/neonatal periods, childhood, adolescence, and even adulthood. The potential impact of Bisphenol A (BPA), Phthalates and Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on female reproduction, in particular on puberty, PCOS pathogenesis, infertility, ovarian function, endometriosis, and recurrent pregnancy loss, in both humans and animals, will be discussed in this report in order to provide greater clinician and public awareness about the potential consequences of these chemicals. The effects of these substances could interfere with hormone biosynthesis/action and could potentially be transmitted to further generations. Thus proper education about these chemicals can help individuals decide to limit exposure, ultimately alleviating the risk on future generations.

Sarah Perz, Timothy Suttle, Puneet Sindhwani

Background: The presence of a ureter in a hernia sac presents a unique surgical challenge and can increase the likelihood of ureteral injury at the time of surgery as they are often not identified pre-operatively. Here we present our institutional experience and thorough systematic review in order to provide guidance on the urologist’s role in this situation. Materials and Methods: A PubMed and Medline search was conducted to identify relevant literature published in the year 2000 or later. Case reports and case series in the English language were included using terms “ureter and hernia”, “herniated ureter”, “ureteral hernia”, inguinal hernia and ureter”. Results: The presence of a ureter in an inguinal hernia sac is an uncommon finding. When present, many are not identified pre-operatively, which places the patient at risk for ureteral injury during herniorrhaphy.Patients with ureters contained in their inguinal hernias, that were identified pre-operatively or intra-operatively and not injured, recovered well. Post-operative imaging, when performed, showed stabilization or improvement of hydronephrosis and a more normal course of the ureter. One case reported the identification of ureteral involvement post-operatively after injury, which resulted in worsened renal function and required a re-operation. Conclusions:The presence of a ureter in an inguinal hernia can be differently managed. The primary goal should be avoidance of injury intra-operatively.

David Cunning

A review of Deborah Boyle's recent book The Well-Ordered Universe: The Philosophy of Margaret Cavendish (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017).