Hasil untuk "History of Portugal"

Sergio Moreno, Mohamed Amine Doukani, Ana Hipólito et al.

During the last two decades, the Macaronesian archipelagos have been the focus of multiple studies targeting the abundant and diversified fossil record from late Neogene and Quaternary deposits. This record of past biota, ecosystems and climates is crucial for understanding the impact of glacial–interglacial cycles on Atlantic littoral marine organisms. Coupled with ongoing studies on the factors responsible for global climate change and associated sea-level variations, they contributed decisively towards the development of the modern marine island biogeography theory. Our current knowledge of the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the past and extant, shallow-water marine organisms from the Macaronesian geographic region relies on detailed analysis of many individual fossiliferous outcrops by means of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Here, we focus on the fossil record of a newly studied MIS 5e outcrop at Pedra-que-pica (PQP), on Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). This multidisciplinary work integrates geology, paleontology and biology, providing the first detailed description of the sedimentary facies and stratigraphic framework of the PQP MIS 5e sequence that, coupled with the documentation of the biodiversity and ecological composition of PQP molluscan assemblages, allows us to produce a paleoecological reconstruction and to compare PQP with other last interglacial outcrops from Santa Maria Island. Our results increase the number of the Azorean MIS 5e marine molluscs to 140 taxa (116 Gastropoda and 24 Bivalvia). <i>Ervilia castanea</i> (Montagu, 1803) is the most abundant bivalve, while <i>Bittium nanum</i> (Mayer, 1864) and <i>Melarhaphe neritoides</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) are the most abundant gastropod species. In addition, this work emphasizes the crucial importance of complementing quantitative collecting with qualitative surveys of the fossiliferous outcrops, because nearly 42% of the bivalve species and 28% of the gastropod taxa would be missed if only quantitative samples were used. Derivation of Hill numbers and rarefaction curves both indicate that the sampling effort should be increased at PQP. Thus, although Santa Maria Island is recognized by the scientific community as one of the best-studied islands regarding the last interglacial fossil record, this study emphasizes the need to continue with similar efforts in less known outcrops on the island.

Saúl Guerrero Rivero, Javier G. Iñañez, Fernando Amores Carredano et al.

The technological development of ceramic production during the early modern period in the Iberian Peninsula is a crucial topic in historical archaeological research. The present study analyzes pottery from Jerez de la Frontera, Andalusia, focusing on ceramic materials from the Convent of Santo Domingo (late 15th to early 17th centuries). Through the analysis of production wastes, including <i>dolia</i> and olive jars (<i>botijas</i>), this text unveils key aspects of regional ceramics practices. Using a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach, we applied petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate compositional, technological, and provenance characteristics. The petrographic analysis identified clay matrix variability and mineral inclusions, indicating diverse raw material sources and production techniques. The XRD analysis confirmed key mineral phases that reflect controlled firing temperatures, while the ICP-MS analyses provided trace element profiles that were used to distinguish between local and non-local raw materials. Together, these results reveal technological shifts and resource diversity over time, challenging the assumption that Seville was the sole supplier of ceramics for Atlantic trade. This study establishes Jerez as a potential complementary production center, offering a new understanding of early globalization processes and ceramics manufacturing in southwestern Andalusia.

Kate E. Holohan

In recent years, scholars have paid increasing attention to the material, spiritual, and collecting histories of both pre-invasion and colonial New Spanish (Mexican) featherworks. Rapidly and globally disseminated through religious and family networks, these objects traveled from Mexico to Spain, and other locations, before the end of the sixteenth century. This article explores the little-known history of a devotional featherwork <i>Ecce Homo</i> sent from Portugal to southeastern Africa in 1569. Originally a gift to Sebastian I of Portugal sent from the Spanish-colonized Americas, the <i>Ecce Homo</i> later entered the collection of Catherine of Austria, Sebastian’s grandmother. Catherine presented it to the Jesuits accompanying the Portuguese evangelizing and gold-seeking mission to Mutapa, a vast kingdom that encompassed parts of present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Its intended recipient was the Mutapa emperor. However, this was not a gift meant to grease the wheels of diplomacy, nor was it designated as a tool for conversion: it was, instead, meant for the Mutapa emperor “se se convertese”—if he is converted. That is, it was conceived as a gift from one Catholic monarch to another, for use in personal devotion. The perceived spiritual efficacy of these feather images —themselves recently assimilated to Catholic Iberia from polytheistic Mesomerica—thus extended well beyond the transatlantic Iberian realms.

Christiane Hoth de Olano

Reseña

Fabiano Ferramosca

Qual o crescimento percentual entre o inicio do século XV e o inicio do século XVI no termo do Porto? Para responder a essa questão, o presente artigo contabiliza o número de contribuintes do Porto em duas fontes fiscais: o livro da abertura da rua nova (1438) e o livro da abertura da rua das flores (1521-1527). Temos por objetivo apresentar de forma quantitativa o crescimento populacional dos contribuintes que se deu no termo do Porto. Foram elaboradas tabelas comparativas das circunscrições com os valores populacionais nos dois períodos e respetivo crescimento percentual.

Inês Pinto

Patrícia Santos Pedrosa, Lia Gil Antunes

Luz Valente-Pereira (b. 1934, Lisbon) is a key figure of the 20th century Portuguese History of Architecture, albeit a forgotten one. This research is a starting point for establishing a more solid biography of this pioneer who initiated the first decades of female participation in the architectural field in Portugal. After some professional experience in different contexts, she developed a stable research career at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC) with studies on various spatial scales. We have used different methodologies: bibliographical review, consultation of national archives, and an interview with her. Our proposal is not only to create female references but also to broaden the historical readings on women’s participation in Portugal throughout the 20th century.

Ivan Čuk

Dear friends, These days our lives are run by COVID-19. Our gymnastic family mourns Dieter Hoffman, an excellent German coach and expert, a FIG Academy lecturer, who recently died of Covid-19. We do not know what comesnext but I am certain we all want to go back to our normal life. Despite many negative effects of Covid–19, it had a positive effect on our journal. Our authors wrote as many as16 articles for this issue which is a record for the journal. We are all adjusting to new circumstances. As you probably already know, conferences will be held online. Bulgaria will host a symposium on rhythmic gymnastics and Portugal on gymnastics. For more detailed information please see the following pages. Please join the symposia and take an active part with your ideas and views! For this issue our authors researched many different topics, including biomechanics, motor control, motor learning, theory of training, physiology, psychology, physical education, sociology and history, in relation to rhythmic and artistic gymnastics and trampolining. Countries participating with articles include: USA, Slovakia, Tunisia, Germany, Brazil, Australia, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Iran and Ukraine. AntonGajdoš provides a short historical note on Nina Bocharova, the Olympic Champion from Russia in WAG at the Olympics 1952 in Helsinki. Our editorial board decided to make an exception and publish a letter –manifesto of International Socio-Cultural research group on WAG lead by Natalie Barker-Ruchti (USA)to the Editorand a comment on the letter by William Sands (USA). While we believe the letter and the comment present issues that may be important to our audiences, I’d like to stress that our journal remains focused on the publication of scientific articles presenting evidence-based solutions only. Nevertheless, there should be no doubt that our journal supports the United Nations Declaration of Human and Children Rights and believes its provisions should be respected. Just to remind you, if you quote the Journal,its abbreviation on the Web of Knowledge is SCI GYMN J. I wish you pleasant reading and a lot of inspiration for new research projects and articles, Ivan Čuk, Editor-in-Chief

Isabel Pombo Cardoso

This paper is the fifth of a series and focuses on tracing the history of the use of gypsum based products as well as of the use of ground layers, centred on a review of published analytical evidence. The purpose is to contribute for the understanding of these long traditions which led to the choice of specific materials and practices used for producing gilding grounds in southern Europe. In fact, several practices and the raw material gypsum used in gilded surfaces do have an extremely long tradition, which can be traced back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. The systematic use of these materials, especially the use of ground layers for decoration and other purposes, suggests not only an intention but also, somehow, the notion of a complex concept, the concept of a composite material, even at these very early periods, from which gilding origins. In addition, the particular case of Portugal shows that aspects such as religious, political, and sociocultural influences played a central role in the choice of gypsum as the raw material, which was curiously used exclusively for gilding.

Moisés Prieto

In 1818, the Swiss physicians Rengger and Longchamp travelled to Paraguay with the aim of studying its natural history. As a consequence of a failed murder attempt against Supreme Dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, they were forced to stay there until 1825. Their experiences gave birth to the Ensayo histórico sobre la revolución del Paraguay. Considering the peculiarity of dictatorial rule at the beginning of the nineteenth century and the increasing importance of sentiment, the present article attempts to analyse this essay in light of the history of emotions. Beyond the dichotomy reason/emotion, the expressed feelings (fear, mistrust, honour, nostalgia, etc.) and the emerging emotional regime may legitimise or discredit the dictator.

Paul Alliès

As definições da democracia complicam-se sob o efeito de dois fenómenos: por um lado, a resistência das suas instituições tradicionais, todavia postas em questão pelas alterações sociais da terceira revolução industrial; por um lado, a expansão planetária dos seus princípios de acordo e em função da globalização do capitalismo. As aspirações de “mudar o poder” acabam por o contornar, como se já não fosse possível nem necessário tomá-lo. Neste artigo, questiona-se as contradições ao mesmo tempo que se procuram as histórias políticas - do republicanismo por exemplo - que pode ser uma opção.

Shelley Miller

I create murals that look like azulejos, depicting caravels and many decorative features seen in traditional azulejos, but my murals are made entirely of sugar. I make the sugar tiles and hand paint them with edible inks. I am interested in the azulejo, specifically with imagery of ships, as a symbol of colonial power and of national pride (the Nation of Portugal), but only for the means to subvert this pride. I developed this work in Brazil, addressing the country’s history of colonization and the slave trade that supported Portugal’s sugar empire. I continue to use the blue tile reference, even outside the context of Brazil, because I want to reference the general construct of colonization and slavery, showing how oppression has found new forms. I install my ephemeral murals on city walls, where they wash away, fade, crumble and decay, animating a more realistic version of history.

João Moreira

Este artigo pretende contrariar a escassez de estudos sobre a geração de intelectuais que a partir de meados da década de 1960, de forma clandestina ou semilegal, acabaria por modernizar o discurso político em Portugal. Ao contrário do que sucede noutros países, existe em Portugal uma lacuna historiográfica no que concerne ao estudo do pensamento e da obra de intelectuais menos catalogáveis, de fundo simultaneamente não-dogmático e radical, e desvinculados das ortodoxias dominantes. Propõe-se, portanto, com este artigo situar historicamente o pensamento autónomo e heterodoxo de João Martins Pereira no quadro de uma geração de intelectuais marcada pela influência do marxismo ou próxima deste. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como eixos principais: compreender a heterogeneidade de conceitos e premissas teóricas que suportavam a mundividência política do autor de Pensar Portugal Hoje e, consequentemente, entender este intelectual público como um autor comprometido com a esquerda, mas, em larga medida, afastado dos pequenos mundos estreitos dos intelectuais associados, quer aos partidos comunistas, quer aos partidos socialistas e sociais-democratas. Retirar o ensaísmo, a crítica teórica e as propostas políticas de Martins Pereira da sombra de alguns dos mais reconhecidos autores portugueses da segunda metade do século xx é o objetivo deste artigo.

João José Pinto Ferreira, Anne-Laure Mention, Marko Torkkeli

It is common knowledge that history repeats itself! Maybe not literally, but patterns of behaviour likely dependent of the human nature, are probably prone to repeat themselves. So, one may wonder if looking back could help us prepare for a better future. Moreover, by looking back at the history of people and societies, we should all be able to have a better understanding of why things happen the way they do. This seldom happens, and when it does, it is happening within very limited circle of the society such as scholars and some politician circles, rarely overflowing to the whole society. The point is that, what we see today is not very different from what has happened in the past. Let us go back to November 13, 1460, the day Prince Henry the Navigator, passed away in Sagres, leaving Portugal with an enormous debt. Despite that fact, Prince Henry was the “guiding force behind Portugal’s assimilation of nautical knowledge and its vast extension of maritime exploration for nearly four decades” (Kock, 2003, p.59). It is interesting that by that time intellectual property was already being managed. (...)

Gonçalo Rocha Gonçalves, Marco Alpande Póvoa

This article analyzes the transformation of the police system during the First Republic in Portugal. The republican revolution of October 5, 1910 brought with it the expectation of a profound reform and republicanization of the police structures. The following years, however, proved frustrating. On the one hand, political blockades have prevented an effective transformation of the police system: if the police were almost always on the political agenda, government instability barred the pursuit of the proposed reforms. On the other hand, this paper argues that, in addition to the political dynamics, we must also look at other elements, both organizational and professional, that have contributed decisively to the evolution of the police system in this period. Thus, the article ends by pointing out the importance of the aging of police force, the conflicts generated by the territorialization of the police apparatus and the formation of different professional cultures within the police forces for the history of police and policing in this period.

Carlos Guardado da Silva

D. João I trazia em mente, pelo menos desde 1409, a realização de uma grande empresa militar na qual pudesse armar os seus filhos cavaleiros. Os preparativos começaram a partir de 1411, intensificando-se após o Conselho Régio de Torres Vedras, realizado em julho de 1414. Anunciada a partida da armada para o São João de 1415, coube ao rei garantir a organização da mesma, apetrechando-a de navios com artilharia e armas, o que fez a partir de Lisboa, de onde sairia para Ceuta. Também para a cidade de Lisboa concorreriam os homens, os produtos e os esforços de todo o reino, além da prata e do cobre recolhidos, bem como dos alimentos necessários aos homens que preparavam a empresa, incrementando-se, ao mesmo tempo, os trabalhos nas taracenas. Conquistada a cidade islâmica, pôde o monarca português armar os seus filhos cavaleiros, tendo o feito contribuído também para legitimar o reino e o primeiro rei da nova dinastia de Avis, percurso iniciado anos antes em Aljubarrota, assim como reforçar o prestígio e o poder de Portugal no seio da Cristandade e, sobretudo, no contexto ibérico.

Jorge Victoria Ojeda

En este artículo se presenta a un funcionario que laboraba en las playas de Yucatán, cuya presencia en la historia regional va desde la época colonial hasta tiempos independientes (siglo XVI-1867). Su papel no había sido estudiado en la América hispana. En esta investigación se dan a conocer asuntos legales e ilegales que el vigía realizaba en su puesto de trabajo, así como los hechos que el empleo tenía implícitos.   Abstract   This article presents an official who worked on the beaches of Yucatan, whose presence in regional history goes from colonial to independent times (XVI century-1867). Its role had not been studied in Hispanic America. In this research we give you to know the legal and illegal affairs that the watchtower (vigía) performed in his job and waht that employment had implied.

Andrés Malamud

La política externa brasileña inicia cada siglo con una década fundacional. Entre 1902 y 1912, el barón de Río Branco definió las fronteras territoriales, los principios diplomáticos y el alineamiento internacional que –con matices y ajustes– regirían desde entonces. Durante la gestión al servicio de un presidente, Lula, con proyección planetaria, Brasil se convirtió en un actor global y multidimensional. La pregunta sobre el futuro de la política externa surge natural: ¿vendrán ahora décadas de pequeños ajustes hasta la próxima refundación o son esperables cambios significativos en el corto plazo? Es posible proyectar algunas tendencias, todas los cuales tienen un sustrato común: la aspiración de protagonismo global se mantendrá, pero combinada con medidas variables de retracción y reorientación.

Ana Luengo

En la discusión sobre la memoria histórica en la novela contemporánea española, apenas se ha tratado el tema de la descolonización del Sáhara Occidental que, sin embargo, está en el punto de mira de la sociedad y de los medios de comunicación. En este artículo se analizan dos novelas –El imperio desierto de Ramón Mayrata (1992) y Mira si yo te querré de Luis Leante (2007)– que representan ese episodio histórico e intentan ocupar un vacío en el campo literario actual.   Abstract   Despite being in the spotlight in society and the media, the issue of decolonization of Western Sahara has barely been addressed in the discussion of historical memory in the contemporary Spanish novel. This article discusses two novels (El imperio desierto [1992], by Ramón Mayrata, and Mira si yo te querré [2007], by Luis Leante) that deal with that episode in history and try to fill in a void in the actual literary field.

Maria Juraci Maia Cavalcante, Brasil

<p>Trata da memória e ação educativa dos Jesuítas Proscritos pela República de Portugal, relacionando-a com a produção de impressos resultantes do trabalho dos seus intelectuais e historiadores. Parte do episódio da expulsão da Companhia de Jesus pela República de Portugal, o qual ficou gravado feito crônica daquela Companhia, através do libelo Os proscritos, e inúmeras outras publicações rememorativas, como estratégia política do Provincial, padre Luis Gonzaga Cabral, centrada em duas direções: 1) constituir Casas de formação e residências na Europa, como núcleo central de sobrevivência da Província Portuguesa; 2) fortalecer missões da India, então território inglês e criar novos campos de atividade missionária, caso do Brasil, para onde foi organizada a Missão Setentrional da Província Portuguesa Dispersa. Com base na historiografia consultada, ressalta que esta Missão, além de marcar o retorno dos Jesuítas ao nordeste do Brasil, depois da expulsão por Pombal, passa a ser um lugar de reconstrução da memória histórica da Companhia de Jesus, por meio dos seus colégios e residências, bem como da intensa circulação de periódicos e livros entre os dois países e em seu interior. Utiliza fontes historiográficas e jornalísticas sobre os Jesuítas portugueses em Portugal e no Brasil, obtidas junto a bibliotecas e acervos de instituições católicas e laicas, pontuando a importância de livros, jornais e revistas editados pelas instituições jesuíticas, como é o caso da Revista Brotéria, editada em Portugal, para a conservação da memória histórica da Companhia de Jesus, em especial, artigos do Padre Serafim Leite, que estão relacionados com a sua obra magna, História da Companhia de Jesus no Brasil, à época colonial, que integra o propósito de recuperação da importância missionária da referida Congregação, face à perseguição sofrida, baseada na tradição inaugurada, desde a fundação da Companhia, tanto com o objetivo de angariar apoios e simpatias por parte da Igreja e meio católico, quanto para se defender dos seus opositores, pelas famosas cartas de Inácio de Loyola, prática que favoreceu a formação de arquivos e, consequentemente, de informações minuciosas sobre a memória e a história da Irmandade. Analisa a atuação dos Jesuítas proscritos no Ceará, mostrando a estreita relação entre imprensa católica, integralismo e educação, quando a elite católica é chamada, por meio dos famosos “exercícios espirituais” em retiros fechados para homens, tanto da capital, quanto do interior cearense, a fortalecer o jesuitismo.</p><p>Palavras-chave: jesuítas, memória histórica, imprensa católica, educação.</p><p> </p><p>AMONGST NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES AND BOOKS:JESUIT EDUCATION IN CEARÁ IN THE 1920s and 1930S AND THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS</p><p>Abstract</p><p>This work addresses the memory and educational activities of the Jesuits outlawed by the Republic of Portugal, relating it to the production of printed material which resulted from work of its intellectuals and historians. It starts from the episode of the expulsion of the Jesuits by the Republic of Portugal, which was recorded like chronicle of that Company by means of the libel “The Outcasts”, and several other reminiscent publications, as a political strategy of the Provincial Father Luis Gonzaga Cabral, focused in two directions: 1) founding of formation houses and residences in Europe, as the core of survival of the Portuguese Jesuit Province; 2) strengthening of the missions in India, then a British territory, and creating new fields of missionary activity, the case of Brazil, where the Northern Mission of the Outcast Portuguese Province was organized. Based on the checked historiography, this work points out that this Mission, in addition to mark the return of the Jesuits to the Northeast of Brazil, after the expulsion by Pombal, becomes a place for  reconstructing the historical memory of the Society of Jesus, through its schools and residences as well as the intense circulation of periodicals and books between the two countries and within them. It uses historiographic and journalistic sources used on the Portuguese Jesuits in Portugal and Brazil, obtained from libraries and archives of the Catholic and secular institutions, highlighting the importance of books, newspapers and magazines published by the Jesuit entities, such as the Journal Brotéria, edited in Portugal, for the preservation of historical memory of the Society of Jesus, in particular articles by Father Serafim Leite, who are related to his magnum opus, History of the Society of Jesus in Brazil, during the colonial era, part of the purpose of recovery of the missionary importance of the aforementioned congregation in the face of persecution it suffered, based on a tradition inaugurated since the founding of the Company, both in order to garner support and sympathy from the Church and the Catholic environment, and to get protection against their opponents, by the means of the famous letters of Ignatius of Loyola, a practice that favored the archives buildup and, consequently, detailed information about the memory and history of the Brotherhood. This work analyzes the performance of the outlawed Jesuits in Ceará, showing the close relationship between the Catholic press, integralism fundamentalism and education, at the moment when the Catholic elite is summoned, through the famous "spiritual exercises" in closed religious retreats for men, both in the capital, and in the interior of Ceará , so as to strengthen the jesuits.</p><p>Key-words: Jesuits, historical memory, catholic press, education.</p><p> </p><p>ENTRE PERIÓDICOS, REVISTAS Y LIBROS: LA EDUCACIÓN JESUÍTA EN CEARÁ EN LOS AÑOS 1920 y 1930 Y LA MEMORIA HISTÓRICA DE LA SOCIEDAD DE JESÚS</p><p>Resumen</p><p>Este trabajo enfoca la memoria y las actividades educativas de los Jesuitas puestos fuera de la ley por la República en Portugal, relacionando esto con la producción de material impreso por obra de sus intelectuales y  historiadores. Parte del episodio de la expulsión de los jesuitas de la República de Portugal, lo que se registró como crónica de aquela Compañía por medio del libelo Los Proscritos, y muchas otras publicaciones comemorativas, como una estrategia política del Padre Provincial, Gonzaga Luis Cabral,  centrada en dos direcciones: 1) formar casas de capacitación y residencias en Europa, como el núcleo de la supervivencia de la Provincia portuguesa; 2) el fortalecimiento de las misiones en la India, entonces territorio británico, y crear nuevos campos de la actividad misionera, el caso de Brasil, donde se organizó la Misión Septentrional de la Provincia Portuguésa Dispersa. Basado en la historiografia consultada, el trabajo revela que esta Misión, además de marcar el regreso de los Jesuitas al noreste de Brasil, tras la expulsión por Pombal, se convierte en un lugar para la reconstrucción de la memoria histórica de la Compañía de Jesús, a través de sus escuelas y residencias, así como la intensa circulación de revistas y libros entre los dos países y dentro de ellos propios. Las fuentes historiográficas y periodísticas que se utiliza respecto a los jesuitas portugueses en Portugal y Brasil, que se obtiene de bibliotecas y archivos de instituiciónes católicas y seculares, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de los libros, periódicos y revistas publicados por las instituciones jesuitas, como la Revista Brotéria, editada en Portugal, para la preservación de la memoria histórica de la Compañía de Jesús, en particular los artículos del Padre Serafim Leite, que están relacionados con su obra magna, la Historia de la Compañía de Jesús en Brasil, en la época colonial, parte del propósito de la recuperación de la importancia de esta congregación misionera en medio de la persecución que suffrió, sobre la base de la tradición empezada desde la fundación de la Compañía, tanto con el fin de obtener el apoyo y simpatía de la Iglesia y el medio católico, cuanto para defenderse de sus oponentes, por medio de las famosas cartas de Ignacio de Loyola, una práctica que favoreció a la formación de los archivos y, por consiguiente, de información detallada sobre la memoria y la historia de la Hermandad. Se analiza el desempeño de los Jesuitas proscritos en Ceará,  muestrando la estrecha relación entre la prensa católica, el integralismo fundamentalista y la educación, cuando la élite católica és llamada, a través de los famosos "ejercicios espirituales" en retiros cerrados para los hombres, tanto en la capital, cuanto en el interior de Ceará, para fortalecer los jesuitas.</p><p>Palabras-clave: jesuitas, memoria histórica, prensa católica, educación.</p><br /><p>ENTRE LES JOURNAUX, MAGAZINES ET LIVRES: L’ÉDUCATION JÉSUITE AUX CEARÁ DANS LES ANNÉES 1920 ET 1930 ET LA MÉMOIRE HISTORIQUE DE LE SOCIÉTÉ DE JÉSUS</p><p>Résumé</p><p>Il s´agit dele mémoire et les activités éducatives des jésuites proscrits par la République du Portugal, il relatifs à la production de documents imprimés à partir du travail de leurs intellectuels et  historiens. Il partie de l'épisode de l'expulsion des jésuites par la République du Portugal, qui a été enregistré comme chronique de cette Compagnie, par le écrit diffamatoire Les Proscrits, et de nombreuses autres publications qui ressemblent, comme une stratégie politique de le Père Provincial, Luis Gonzaga Cabral, a porté sur deux directions:  1) établir des maisons de formation et des residences en Europe, comme le cœur de la survie de la province portugaise, 2) le renforcement des missions de l'Inde, qui a été le territoire britannique, et de créer de nouveaux champs de l'activité missionnaire, le cas du Brésil, où a été organisée la Mission Nord de la Province Portugaise Sparse. Basé sur l'historiographie consultés, Il souligne que cette mission, qui non seulement marquera le retour des Jésuites  au nord-est du Brésil, après l'expulsion par Pombal, devient un lieu pour la reconstruction de la mémoire historique de la Compagnie de Jésus, à travers leurs écoles et leurs maisons, ainsi que l'intense la circulation des périodiques et des livres entre les deux pays et dans les deux pays aussi. il utilise sources historiographiques et journalistiques sur les Jésuites portugais au Portugal et au Brésil, obtenu à partir de bibliothèques et d'archives de Institutions de l'Église catholique et laïques, en soulignant l'importance des livres, journaux et magazines publiés par les institutions jésuites, comme le Magazine Brotéria, édité aux Portugal, pour la préservation de la mémoire historique de la Compagnie de Jésus, en particulier les articles du Père Serafim Leite, qui sont liés à son opus magnum, Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus au Brésil, à l'époque coloniale, une partie de l'objectif de récupération de l'importance missionnaire de cette Congrégation dans le visage de la persécution, basée sur la tradition inaugurée depuis la fondation de la Compagnie, à la fois afin d'obtenir l'appui et de sympathie pour l'Eglise et de l'environnement  catholique, et pour repousser leurs adversaires, travers des célèbres lettres d'Ignace de Loyola, une pratique qui a favorisé le formation de fichiers et, par conséquent, des informations détaillées sur la mémoire et l'histoire de la Confrérie. Il analyse les performances des jésuites proscrits dans le Ceará, montrant la relation étroite entre la presse catholique, le fondamentalisme integraliste et l'éducation, où l'élite catholique est appelée, à travers le fameux «exercices spirituels» dans retraites religieuses fermées pour les hommes, tant dans la capitale, comme l'intérieur du Ceará, afin de renforcer les jésuites.</p><p>Mots-clé: jésuites, la mémoire historique, la presse catholique, éducation.</p>