The subject of this review is the book by Görkem Akgöz, titled In the Shadow of War and Empire: Industrialisation, Nation-Building, and Working-Class Politics in Turkey (Brill, Leiden, 2023, xviii, 374 pp. (hardback), ISBN 978 -90-04-41674-1; Open Access (paperback), ISBN 978-90-04-68714-1). I believe that it is an important review subject, as it is a representative of the new currents in the field of labor history, where through a discursive approach to the sources testifying the human condition of the working class, new knowledge is gained about the processes of nation-building and capitalist modernization. The thematic focus in the book is on the industrialization processes in Kemalist Turkey and the impact of the etatist regime on the formation of the new civil and working-class identities. The author offers successful attempts to debunk older official historiographical narratives regarding memory and ideology about workers' lives and relations on the factory shop-floor in the period from the beginning of the 20th century to the mid-1950s.
The adoption of the euro is a topic of constant discussion within the European Union. Since joiningthe EU in 2004, Poland and Hungary have taken quite different paths regarding their commitment to the eurozone, despite both being legally bound to join once they meet the convergence criteria. This article looks at how public opinions on euro adoption have changed in both countries from 2004 to 2024, while also considering the stances of important national institutions on monetary integration. Based on a close look at public debates, surveys, and institutional statements, the study finds a growing enthusiasm for the euro in Hungary. This interest is mainly driven by economic challenges and the perceived advantages of being part of the eurozone. On the other hand, Polish society remains more sceptical. This scepticism is influenced by political narratives that emphasise sovereignty and monetary independence. Even though there have been some noticeable changes in support, neither country has yet joined the ER M II mechanism or met all the necessary convergence criteria, making it unlikely that they will adopt the euro anytime soon. The findings show us just how much local political dynamics and the strategies of elites influence the process of Europeanization in the monetary sphere.
History of Central Europe, History of Balkan Peninsula
The fauna of the subfamily Plusiocampinae (Campodeidae) in the caves of the eastern Balkan Peninsula was studied based on specimens collected over the past 40 years by scientists from the National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Two new species are described from Bulgarian caves: Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) balcanica sp. nov. , from the Central Stara Planina Mountains, and Plusiocampa (Stygiocampa) petrovi sp. nov. , from the Western Stara Planina Mountains. Plusiocampa isterina Condé, 1993 is recorded from Bulgaria for the first time, and the known ranges of several poorly known species are extended to new geographic areas. With the addition of the new species, the total diversity of subterranean Campodeidae in the eastern Balkan Peninsula has increased from 12 to 14 species. This level of diversity is comparable to that of the Dinarides and the eastern Iberian Peninsula – regions of similar size that are also among the richest in subterranean diplurans across Europe.
Mario Bjeliš, Vasilis G. Rodovitis, D. Lemić
et al.
Simple Summary In this article, we have reviewed and analysed all the available information, including in historical records, on the phenology and infestation rate of fruits by the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824; Diptera, Tephritidae), in the Balkan Peninsula, to illustrate and understand the path of invasion and spread dynamics in the northern Mediterranean region and Central Europe. After the medfly was first discovered in an area of the Aegean Sea in 1915, the pest was then detected in the Peloponnese in the early 1930s, along the entire Adriatic coast in the 1950s, and has been found in the Black Sea area since 2005. Since 2000, a significant increase in the frequency of detections has been recorded in the interior of the Balkan Peninsula, including occasional outbreaks in areas with unfavourable climatic conditions for overwintering, which seems to reduce the reproduction of the pest in summer and autumn. In the last 20 years, the medfly has spread to more northern areas and has been detected at higher altitudes. There are 25 host plant species that have been reported as host plants of the medfly in this area. Considering the extremely high invasiveness of the medfly and its wide distribution in several areas of the Balkan Peninsula with different climatic conditions, we can assume that it is adapting to new climatic conditions and infesting new host plants.
U radu su analizirani proces kažnjavanja i boravak kažnjenika zbog Informbiroa (tzv. ibeovaca) na ostrvu Sveti Grugur u periodu od 1958. do 1965. godine. Proučeni su spoljnopolitički odnosi koji su uticali na ovaj, drugi talas izolacije zbog Informbiroa, kao i društvene i političke okolnosti pod kojima je on nastao. Naročita pažnja posvećena je uslovima boravka kažnjenika u Posebnoj ustanovi Grgur i aktivnostima pojedinih ličnosti koje su se isticale među kažnjenicima. Razmotreni su držanje i odnos kažnjenika prema upravi Posebne ustanove Grgur, kao i politika i mere policijskih organa i službi bezbednosti prema njima.
Lik i delo pukovnika Tanasija Dinića vezuju se uglavnom za period Drugog svetskog rata kada je bio jedan od ministara u vladi Milana Nedića i istaknuti kolaboracionista. Ovaj rad nastoji da istoriografski rekonstruiše njegovo delovanje do izbijanja Drugog svetskog rata na teritoriji Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Autori su fokusirani na tri različita perioda njegovog života. Prvi deo rada predstavlja analizu njegovog ratnog puta, od upisa u Nižu školu Vojne akademije, do prvih godina po stvaranju Kraljevine SHS. Drugi segment tiče se uloge Dinića u postavljanju, razvoju i delovanju obaveštajne mreže prema Bugarskoj i Albaniji. Treći deo obuhvata period njegove političke karijere, kao poslanika u narodnoj skupštini i člana Jugoslovenske radikalne zajednice. Rad je napisan na osnovu arhivskih izvora i relevantne literature.
New data about spiders collected in the Balkan Peninsula are presented. A new species Harpactea bistra n. sp. is described from Mt. Bistra in Macedonia. Harpactea simovi Deltshev & Lazarov, 2018, recently described from North-western Bulgaria, is recorded from Serbia for the first time. The detailed descriptions and illustrations of the two species are provided.
Milica Mihajlovic Srejic, Vanja Tanasić, Milica Keckarevic Markovic
et al.
Genetic structure of the contemporary Serbian population was shaped by a long history of turbulent historical and demographical events. The most important migrations of Serbs towards present day Serbia, in the recent history, occurred between the 15th to the 18th century from the regions of Old Herzegovina and Kosovo and Metohija. Previous haplogroup analysis revealed wide spectrum of main haplogroups, among which haplogroup I-P37.2 was the most frequent one in Serbian population groups originating from the Balkan Peninsula. Within this study 464 Serbian males samples from three geographical regions in the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by Serbs: present-day Serbia, regions of Old Herzegovina and Kosovo and Metohija, previously classified as haplogroup I-P37.2, were genotyped using the 22 Y-single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) in order to determine deeper phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of haplogroup I-P37.2. Based on SNP typing all samples in the Old Herzegovina and present-day Serbia dataset and 122 out of 128 samples from Kosovo and Metohija were assigned to haplogroup I-L621. Further SNP typing revealed very similar haplogroup distribution in all datasets, with the predominant haplogroup being I-PH908, followed by haplogroup I-Z17855. Analysis within haplogroup I-PH908 distinguished haplogroup I-FT14506 as the most frequent in the Kosovo and Metohija dataset, while haplogroup I-FT16449 was the most frequent in the Old Herzegovina dataset. In the present-day Serbia dataset, occurrence of haplogroups I-FT14506 and I-FT16449 was almost equal, comprising 40.2 % and 34.4 %, respectively. Low level of differentiation, within haplogroup I-PH908, was detected between all datasets, with the lowest one detected between present-day Serbia and Old Herzegovina datasets and highest one between Kosovo and Metohija and Old Herzegovina datasets. Furthermore, median-joining network analysis and shared haplotypes statistics revealed closer genetic relationship between Old Herzegovina and present-day Serbia haplotypes. Results obtained within this study support the thesis that migrations from historical region of Old Herzegovina and geographical region of Kosovo and Metohija, had great contribution on the present-day Serbian population genetic structure. Furthermore, here presented results, gave insight into geographic distribution of detected haplogroups I-Z17855, I-Y4460, I-PH908, I-Y5596, I-Y4882, I-FT14506, I-FT16449 and I-A5913 and analyzed SNPs, enabling further improvement of the geographic resolution of paternal ancestry inference.
Во текот на 2022 гоДина во изДание на Институтот за јавни Политики во Скопје на макеДонски јазик на вкупно 185 страници излезе оД печат книгата Цивилизациските темели на геоПолитиката на Балканот низ призмата на макеДонско-турските оДноси оД авторката Д-р Фатима Салифоска.
The key issues of increasing international tension on the Balkan Peninsula before the First World War are considered. The subject of the study is the Balkan Peninsula, located at the crossroads of civilizations, which has been the sphere of geopolitical interests of various coalitions for thousands of years. The Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 are presented as a pivotal moment in the history of the peninsula in the 20th century. First of all, the process of national liberation of the territories of the Balkans from Ottoman rule, as well as the process of military actions aimed at gaining independence, is considered. The article analyzes the importance played by the countries of the Balkan peninsula during the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, and also shows the actions of these countries to form the moods they need to achieve the greatest territorial gains. At the same time, the role of the great powers, primarily Russia, in the process of the Balkan conflicts is analyzed. The chronicle of the foreign policy events of the early 20th century related to Russia's participation in the solution of the Balkan issue is researched. On the basis of publications of that time, the existing image of Bulgaria and Serbia is reconstructed, an attempt is made to restore the real picture of the life of these states on the eve of the First World War and its features, to understand the peculiarity of Westernization “in the Balkan way”. The complex of the two Balkan wars of 1912-1913 is considered primarily as a basis for the development of the future conflictogenicity of the region, which led to the First World War.
Abstract Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 is a worldwide distributed and hyperdiverse ant genus consisting of almost 600 taxa manifesting various life history strategies. Species of the Tetramorium inquilinum species-group represents one of the most extreme forms of parasitism and consist of degenerate workerless social parasites of several Tetramorium species. So far, its members have been recorded in the Palearctic from montane to alpine zones and reveal an interesting disjunction in host selection observed between eastern-Mediterranean and western-Mediterranean species. We describe a fifth member of the Tetramorium inquilinum species-group: Tetramorium albenae Salata, van Delft & Borowiec sp. n. The species morphologically differs from the remaining members of the group by the combination of the following characters: dense and erect pilosity of appendages and the whole body, smooth head sculpture, predominantly smooth anepisternum and katepisternum, lack of blunt teeth on propodeum, and presence of distinct carianae on the dorsolateral margins of the propodeum. Tetramorium albenae Salata, van Delft & Borowiec sp. n. was collected in a lowland olive grove, a site so far not associated with the Tetramorium inquilinum species-group, from a nest of Tetramorium kephalosi (a new host species for the group). The data presented in this paper provide new insights into the habitat preferences of the species of the Tetramorium inquilinum species-group and extend our knowledge on the potential host species of these parasites. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:62610BFE-7BF4-44E7-ADB5-3DD6A9B759C0
Our study enrolled 1200 Serbian males originating from three geographical regions in the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by Serbs: present-day Serbia, regions of Old Herzegovina and Kosovo and Metohija. These samples were genotyped using the combination of 23 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) loci and 17 Ychromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) loci for the haplotype and haplogroup analysis in order to characterize in detail Y chromosome flow in the recent history. Serbia's borders have changed through history, forcing Serbs constantly to migrate to different regions of Balkan Peninsula. The most significant migration waves in the recent history towards present-day Serbia occurred from the regions of Old- Herzegovina and Kosovo and Metohija that lie in the south-west/south. High haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity were observed in all three datasets, with the highest number of unique haplotypes (381) and discrimination capacity (0.97) detected in the samples originating from the present-day Serbia. Haplogroup composition didn't differ significantly among datasets, with three dominant haplogroups (I-M170, E-P170 and R-M198), and haplogroup I-M170 being the most frequent in all three datasets. Haplogroup E-P170 was the second most dominant in the dataset originating from geographical region of Kosovo and Metohija, whereas haplogroup R-M198 was the second most prevalent in the dataset from historical region of Old Herzegovina. Based on the phylogenetic three for haplogroup I constructed within this study, haplogroup I2a1-P37.2 was the most dominant within all three datasets, especially in the dataset from historical region of Old Herzegovina, where 182 out of 400 samples were derived for SNP P37.2. Genetic distances between three groups of samples, evaluated by the Fst and Rst statistical values, and further visualized through multidimensional scaling plot, showed great genetic similarity between datasets from Old Herzegovina and present-day Serbia. Genetic difference in the haplogroup distribution and frequency between datasets from historical region of Old Herzegovina and from geographical region of Kosovo and Metohija was confirmed with highest Fst and Rst vaules. In this study we have distinguished genetic structure, diversity and haplogroup frequencies within 1200 Serbian males from three datasets, relationships among them as well as with other Balkan and European populations, which is useful for studying recent demographic history.
The topic of this article, mostly based on the materials of the Military Archive and the Historical Archive of Belgrade, is the analysis of the private and everyday life of members of the Serbian State Guard. As in similar formations, the life of its members was strictly conditioned by its character, which meant that privacy was largely under the control of superior officers and the Command itself. This was especially true during the occupation, when the occupying authorities played a significant role in controlling the overall activities of the Guardsmen.
. In the article, the author examines the study of regional history in the course of New and Contemporary History of the countries of Asia and Africa. As an example, the author selects the Balkan region, namely the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th century. The article analyzes the importance of researching this topic, its relevance, as well as the main theses considered by the author. The author pays special attention to the history of the following formations, which can be limited by the following modern territorial framework -Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia. The author analyzes the socio-economic situation of the region on the eve of the 19th century, as well as its ethno-confessional picture. Particular attention is paid to the emergence and development of an organized national liberation movement in the Christian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, as well as to the growth of local self-government and the emergence of national self-identity in its Muslim provinces. The study of these aspects of regional history makes it possible to analyze further events in the region in the first half of the 19th century. Particular attention is paid to the study of the reaction of the Ottoman authorities to the national liberation movement in the province.
The area of the south‐western Balkans hosts a remarkably high species richness and has been considered a biodiversity hotspot. The significance of the Balkan Peninsula as a biodiversity refugium during the Quaternary climatic fluctuations has been repeatedly pointed out in literature, yet the area remains quite understudied in terms of phylogeography. Contributing to the biogeography and phylogeography of the Balkan area, we herein present the phylogeographic relationships within the lizards of the genus Algyroides, focusing on the two species that occur in the Balkans (namely, A. nigropunctatus and A. moreoticus), including representatives of Dinarolacerta and Lacerta lizards as outgroups. We combined phylogenetic, phylogeographic and species distribution modelling analyses, using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data, in order to uncover the phylogeographic history of the genus and evaluate the validity of the extant taxonomy. Our results reveal three major clades within Algyroides in southern Balkans; one corresponds to A. moreoticus, having sister group relationships with the genus Dinarolacerta, and the other two to A. nigropunctatus, each corresponding to one of the morphological subspecies, which seem to be monophyletic, allopatric and reproductively isolated. These results expose an unprecedented phylogeographic pattern in the area of western Greece where the two major clades of A. nigropunctatus meet, and can contribute to a taxonomic re‐evaluation of the species. Moreover, questions are raised on the validity of Dinarolacerta as a genus due to it clustering within the genus Algyroides.
This article maps the legal framework of the anti-corruption legislation in interwar Yugoslavia, by examining the context and contents of the evolving anti-corruption laws in the period 1918–1941. It examines the intentions of the law-makers and the messaging that they wanted to convey through the legislation in a diachronic perspective, as well as the focus of the anti-corruption efforts towards petty corruption versus grand corruption. It poses questions towards the applicability of existing corruption models in the context of interwar Yugoslavia and proposes new directions for studying persisting structural phenomena shaping corruption practices in Southeastern Europe to this day.