Hasil untuk "History (General)"

Hind Waleed Farhan, Khalid Akbar Abdullah

Aims: This current study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics of ‎the agricultural workforce and demonstrate the impact of these characteristics ‎on agricultural activity in terms of production and diversity. It also aimed to ‎clarify the population distribution of the workforce according to demographic ‎and economic indicators, and finally to evaluate its relationship with ‎agricultural activities. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical approach was ‎adopted, relying on statistical data available from official and field sources. The ‎study also tried to determine the size of the workforce and its geographical, age, ‎educational distribution, and analyze the extent of its contribution to ‎agricultural activity. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the ‎relationship between labor force characteristics and agricultural production ‎indicators in the studied areas. Results: After analyzing all the gathered data, ‎the results showed a positive correlation between the density of the agricultural ‎workforce and the level of agricultural production in most of the studied areas, ‎especially in areas with adequate infrastructure and agricultural services. It also ‎showed that the productive age group of the workforce represents the highest ‎percentage of those employed in this sector, in addition to the concentration of ‎workers with limited education in traditional agricultural activities, which limits ‎the expansion of modern methods. Conclusions: It can be concluded that ‎workforce represents one of the fundamental pillars of agricultural sector ‎development, and that improving its demographic and educational characteristics ‎would contribute to increasing agricultural production efficiency significantly. The ‎study emphasized the importance of supporting agricultural training programs and ‎developing workers' skills in order to achieve optimal use of human resources in this ‎vital sector.‎

Jinyoung Moon, Yongseok Mun

Abstract Background The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset does not include a specific question or laboratory test to confirm a history of cancer diagnosis. However, if straightforward variables for cancer history are introduced, US NHANES could be effectively utilized in future cancer epidemiology studies. To address this gap, the authors developed a cancer patient database from the US NHANES datasets by employing multiple R programming codes. Methods To illustrate the practical application of this methodology to a real-world problem, the authors extracted the R codes applied in an academic paper published in another journal on January 30th, 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24337 ). This paper will focus on the construction of the database and analysis using R codes. Entire. Results In the first example, the urine concentration of monocarboxynonyl phthalate, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-hydroxy-iso-butyl phthalate (all ng/mL) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. In the second example, the serum concentration of 2,3,3’,4,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB105), 2,3,4,4´,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB114), 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118), and 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’- and 2,3,3’,4,4’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB138) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA, respectively. Discussion This research offers a comprehensive set of R codes aimed at creating a single, user-friendly variable that encapsulates the history of each type of cancer while also considering the age at which the diagnosis was made. The US NHANES provides a wealth of critical data on environmental toxicant exposures. By employing these R codes, researchers can potentially discover numerous new associations between environmental toxicant exposures and cancer diagnoses. Ultimately, these codes could significantly advance the field of cancer epidemiology in relation to environmental toxicant exposure.

Zhi Zhang

As smart city development deepens, its impact on the urban-rural income gap has become a key concern for both the government and society. This article uses panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2010 and 2022, treating the pilot smart city policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and applying a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically examine how smart city construction affects the urban-rural income gap. It also analyzes the role of economic agglomeration in this process. The research indicates that smart city development has significantly increased the incomes of urban and rural residents and has positively contributed to sharing development benefits between these areas. Mechanism analysis shows that economic agglomeration plays an important mediating and threshold role—smart cities indirectly influence the urban-rural income distribution by fostering economic agglomeration, with this effect showing nonlinear characteristics at different levels of agglomeration. Based on these findings, the article proposes policy recommendations aimed at optimizing economic agglomeration models and advancing urban-rural integrated development, offering theoretical insights and practical strategies for narrowing the income gap and promoting common prosperity.

Andrzej Kansy

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań na temat strategii komunikowania buddyjskich związków wyznaniowych zarejestrowanych w Polsce. Badanie przeprowadzono metodami analizy treści oraz analizy danych zastanych. Wykorzystano założenia etnografii wirtualnej, która ma na celu poznanie i opisanie zachowań ludzi i zjawisk dostępnych w internecie oraz ich efektów. Stwierdzono m.in., że buddyjskie związki wyznaniowe stosują nowe media do realizacji strategii komunikacji. Są one ukierunkowane na: autoprezentację, budowanie relacji między członkami wspólnoty, propagowanie buddyzmu, aksjologizację. Strony internetowe realizują wymienione strategie, zwłaszcza w zakresie autoprezentacji. Profile w mediach społecznościowych służą głównie budowaniu relacji oraz aksjologizacji. Buddyzm w Polsce nie jest zjawiskiem masowym, ale istotnym dla kultury polskiej. Badania w tym zakresie służą więc budowaniu wzajemnego szacunku w warunkach wielokulturowych społeczeństw.

محمد المهداوي , صادق محمد

تعد الرموز من التقانات المهمة  التي تثير فضول المتلقي وتزيد رغبته في الوصول الى قصد الشاعر ، والكشف عن دلالاتها القارة داخل نتاجه الشعري ، فديناميكية الرمز تكفل ولوج القارئ الى عمق النص ، فعمل القارئ يصبح فضاء لقراءات متعددة ، ذات الدلالة البعيدة عن الواقع المذكور ، إذ ان الرمز المكاني في النص الأدبي أداة فاعلة في كشف الخبايا النصية المفروزة من دلالاته في بعده المعبر عن البوح المكنون في أهواء الشاعر المكبوتة في دواخلها والمنطوية على ذاتها ، لذا فان اختيار هذا الموضوع يعد محاولة لتسليط الضوء على تلك الرموز وبخاصة الطللية منها ، وإظهار أهميتها في شعر حسام الدين الحاجري ، وما دامت الرموز متعلقة بالقارئ أكثر من ارتباطها بالنص ، لذا وجب على القارئ تفكيك تلك الرموز ، فهذا البحث قائم على رصدها والكشف عن مكنوناتها وبخاصة الرموز (الطللية) بوصفها مكانا محملا بأبعاد وايحاءات كثيرة .

Beatriz Garcia-Ortega, Javier Galan-Cubillo, Blanca de-Miguel-Molina

This paper assesses whether and to which extent the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a scenario of high moral intensity, is influencing the moral reasoning of top CEOs (chief executive officers) in the paradigmatic case of the automotive industry and how this moral reasoning relates to their CSR response to the crisis and their CSR plans in the long run. To this end, we took the CEO letters before and after the pandemic outbreak of the top 15 automotive companies, and applied Weber’s method to conduct a moral reasoning categorization, along with an examination of their CSR approach and initiatives. The results show a predominant moral paralysis among these CEOs, where positive reactions addressed are philanthropic in nature and more likely to be a transient response to the crisis, rather than a sustained long-term improvement of their CSR rooted in a significant moral approach enhancement. Furthermore, CEOs at the lowest stages of moral reasoning, primarily focused on their own business and immediate stakeholders, are less likely to highlight these philanthropic initiatives. The outcome evidences the convenience of addressing CSR from the lens of moral reasoning, and it further draws the attention of the scientific community, companies and their top management, stakeholders, and society to the relevance of investigating and considering the moral reasoning of top management in large corporations and its implications.

Christophe Cusset

Jorge Ramón Ros

Este artículo analiza, por un lado, cómo eran percibidas las relaciones entre l'Horta y la ciudad de Valencia por las autoridades municipales y la prensa a través de sus representaciones de los fematers (agricultores encargados de la recogida de desperdicios urbanos); y por otro, cómo la última generación de este oficio ha dado sentido a sus recorridos pasados entre el campo y la ciudad. De acuerdo a las fuentes interpretadas (documentación interna consistorial, literatura, prensa y entrevistas orales) son contrastados tres contextos distintos. En primer lugar, el de sus conflictos sociales con el incipiente gobierno blasquista a principios del siglo XX; en segundo lugar, una etapa de malestar agrario generalizado entre la I Guerra Mundial y el trienio bolchevique (1916-1921) y por último, en los albores del desarrollismo franquista en Valencia, etapa en la que desempeñaron su trabajo los fematers entrevistados.

D. N. Salikhov, V. V. Kholodnov, V. N. Puchkov et al.

Subject. A systematization of Late-Paleozoic magmatic formations of the Magnitogorsk zone of the Southern Urals in the process of an accretion of the Magnitogorsk paleoarc to the margin of the East European continent (EEC) with formation in Famenian and Carboniferous active continent margin of South-Uralian accretionary-collisional belt was given in the work. Materials and methods. A generalization of published and manuscript materials characterizing magmatism and ore-mineralization of Magnitogorsk zone for the Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian time carried out, additional investigations of chemical composition of rocks (XRF, ISP-MS) characterizing process of accretion, subduction and plume activity, microelement distribution in them was made, the composition of rock-forming and accessory minerals (EPMA) was studied. Results. It is found that the South-Uralian accretionary-collisional belt was beginning to form in the late phase of the development of the Magnitogorsk island arc in the process its collision with EEC margin with formation in the Frasnian and Carboniferous of active continental margin. The products of Late-island-arc volcanism are represented by the porphyrite formation and in the eastern frame of the arc - by subalkaline monzonite-shoshonite-latite volcanic-intrusive association with intermediate characteristics between the subductional and interplate formations. Synchronously with them, in the backarc setting, picrite and meymechite volcanics − derivatives of a mantle plume are formed. In process of substitution of tectonic-magmatic regime from island-arc to margin-continental intraplate-type mantle series were forming. During this period, hot asthenospheric diapirs (plumes) were rising to the bottom of new-formed (accreted) margin-continental lithosphere. Along with the magmatic associations of intraplate type and rock series of intermediate geochemical type, this geodynamic situation in the Southern Urals is characterized by a presence of great volumes of mantle-crust granitoids of gabbro-tonalite-granodiorite-granite type, that were formed with a manifold manifestation of anatexis in a time interval of 365-290 Ma. Conclusion. On the whole the originality of Magnitogorsk zone geological history in the Devonian and Carboniferous, peculiarities of magmatic complexes formed here due to various geodynamic settings, are making this zone an extraordinary interesting and important object to study of processes of plume-lithosheric and mantle-crust interaction.

Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero, Óscar Costa-Román, Francisco Javier Pericacho-Gómez et al.

This study describes the social and demographic profile of the first generation of users of marketed virtual reality (VR) viewers in Spain and, subsequently, it assesses the interest in its use as a learning tool. For that purpose, an online questionnaire created ad hoc was administered to a sample of 117 participants. The relationship between twelve variables was analysed comparing means through the Snedecor's F distribution and the contingency tables through the Chi-squared test and Somers' D. Among other issues, it was concluded that the virtual reality user profile at present corresponds to a person older than 36, mainly men, with higher education and having acquired their viewer no longer than one year ago. Concerning the interests of virtual reality users as a learning tool, only a few of them currently use virtual reality for this aim, but they mainly show an interest in using the virtual reality as a learning method and they feel optimism regarding the future use of this technology as a learning tool. However, this is not the case among users of video game consoles (PSVR), who are mainly men not interested in their use as a learning tool at present. Finally, it can be stated that current use as a learning tool among teachers and students is occasional and preferably via smartphones.

Oleg Gorbachev

Статья продолжает тему «самовольных мигрантов», поднятую Л. Сигельбаумом и Л. П. Мох в работе “Escaping in Twentieth-Century Russia”. По мнению автора, Российское государство в течение большей части XX столетия наиболее остро реагировало на нарушения политического режима, часто предпочитая не замечать экономическую миграцию. Это происходило из-за тщательно скрываемой неспособности власти тотально контролировать население. Нарушения режима территориальных перемещений индивидуальными мигрантами были возможны по причине несогласованных действий центральных и местных органов власти. По мере постепенной либерализации советской системы во второй половине XX в. у мигрантов появлялось все больше возможностей для легальных перемещений. Отказ от силового регулирования миграционных потоков, вытеснение политического фактора в миграциях экономических привели к сужению пространства «самовольности».

Pezhman Hadinezhad, Hamzeh Hosseini

Gabapentin was first approved for treatment of epilepsy by FDA, but later it received more attention due to its effects on pain relief, especially neuropathic pain and post-herpetic neuralgia, and in treatment of anxiety and insomnia. The most common side effects of gabapentin include somnolence, ataxia, and fatigue. However, no studies have reported gabapentin induced psychotic disorder. Here, we report a patient on gabapentin with symptoms of delusional disorder. A 42-year-old married housewife without any history of psychiatric disorder, received gabapentin (100 mg once a day) for treatment of first time insomnia. Psychotic symptoms including persecutory delusion occurred and about 12 hours after the onset of symptoms the patient discontinued gabapentin for 24 hours. Consequently, all symptoms were quickly subsided. The patient's assessment was performed using the Naranjo scale. The patient’s score was 9, thus other possible causes of psychosis were ruled out. According to this report, gabapentin could induce psychotic symptoms in patients who have not even had a history of drug use or specific illnesses.

Marta Marfany Simó

Review to Delle Donne, Fulvio & Torró, Jaume (eds.) L’immagine di Alfonso il Magnanimo tra letteratura e storia, tra Corona d’Aragona e Italia - La imatge d’Algons el Magnànim en la literatura i la Historiografia entre la Corona d’Aragó i Itàlia, Firenze, SISMEL -Edizioni del Galluzzo , 2016, XII + 300 p. ISBN: 978-88-8450-691-7

Jiří Munzar

Daniel Escandell Montiel

Review of the book "La estrategia del simbionte" written by Fernando Broncano.

Gema León Ravina

Michael Naylor Pearson

For most of human history there have been extensive exchanges of medical information all over Eurasia. Some diseases were considered to be geographically determined, and hence had to be cured using local knowledge. Other ailments were found in many places, but cures could differ according to location. Most healers, whether book based or experiential, took a non-judgemental approach to different healing methods, as seen especially in India in the early colonial period.

Sofie Remijsen

<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;">In Malalas' account of games at Antioch, the confusions and doublets reflect his simplification of diverse festivals; the first Olympics there should be dated to A.D. 212 rather than earlier.</span>

Juan L. Carrillo, Encarnación Bernal, María Luisa Calero

El presente artículo es una aproximación al problema de la prostitución en la España de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Se aporta el texto del «discurso doctrinal» que sirvió al higienista sevillano Manuel Pizarro Jiménez (1821-1892) para obtener su segundo doctorado en medicina y se discute su posición ante la prostitución —un abolicionista defensor de la regeneración recompensada— a la luz de sus condicionamientos sociales y personales. Se aporta un inventario crítico de su producción impresa, así como diversos documentos en relación con este doctorado.

Juan Antonio Sánchez Belén

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