The tendency of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to ‘hallucinate’ false information is well known; AI-generated citations to non-existent sources have penetrated the bibliographies of peer-reviewed publications. Drawing from the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines, American judicial contention with generative AI, and the submission of prior art to the US Patent and Trademark Office, the author proposes that journals require authors to submit the full text of each cited source along with their manuscripts, thereby preventing authors from citing material whose full text they cannot produce. This solution requires limited additional work by authors or editors while effectively immunizing journals against hallucinated references.
Academies and learned societies, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Petar Milovanovic, Tatjana Pekmezovic, Marija Djuric
Universities and journals increasingly rely on software tools for detecting textual overlap of a scientific text with the previously published literature to detect potential plagiarism. Although software outputs need to be carefully reviewed by competent humans to verify the existence of plagiarism, university and journal staff, for various reasons, often erroneously interpret the degree of plagiarism based on the percentage of textual overlap shown in the similarity report. This is often accompanied by explicit recommendations to the author(s) to paraphrase the text to achieve an “acceptable” percentage of overlap. Here, based on the available literature and real-world examples from similarity reports, we provide a classification with extensive examples of phrases that falsely inflate the similarity index and argue the futility and dangers of rephrasing such statements just for the sake of reducing the similarity index. The examples provided in this paper call for a more reasonable assessment of text similarity. To fully endorse the principles of academic integrity and prevent loss of clarity of the scientific literature, we believe it is important to shift from pure bureaucratic and quantificational view on the originality of scientific texts to human-centered qualitative assessment of the manuscripts, including the software outputs.
Communication. Mass media, Information resources (General)
Hajar Ebrahimi, Fahimeh Babalhavaeji, Dariush Matlabi
et al.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing professional publishing and propose a model for professional book publishing in Iran.
Method: The research was conducted using a survey method with a researcher-developed questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of professional publishing managers in the country, totaling 581 publishers, from which 231 were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. Ultimately, 211 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. Data processing was carried out using SPSS software, employing exploratory the factor analysis and multiple regression test.
Findings: Based on exploratory factor analysis, nine factors have been identified as influential in professional publishing: the economics of publishing, the supply and display of publishing products, government support and backing, adherence to copyright, publishing evaluation and auditing, advertising, marketing and branding, publishing management, and the creation of publishing content. Additionally, five factors have been recognized as dimensions of professional publishing, which include technical elements, cultural and literary circles and centers, authors and audiences, electronic systems, and distribution and marketing elements. Ultimately, in the regression model, five independent variables were included in the equation due to their significance level being below .05.
Conclusion: The findings of this research contribute to enhancing the awareness and understanding of audiences regarding publishing processes. They also assist publishers and industry managers in recognizing successful trends and existing challenges within the field, as well as in formulating supportive policies and strategies for publishing by relevant authorities.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources, Information technology
Farshid Danesh, Samaneh Kesht Karan, Lili Banihashemi
et al.
Editorial board members (EBMs) of journals play a pivotal role in authentic international scientific journals. Editorial Board Interlocking (EBI) phenomenon reflects the effectiveness and importance of the scholarly journal's editorial boards in various scientific fields. The primary purpose of this paper is to conduct a Social Network Analysis (SNA) of EBI phenomena from the perspective of astronomy and astrophysics journals. The present study is applied research based on EBI, SNA, and the descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population of this study consists of the editorial board members of all journals of astronomy and astrophysics indexed in the JCR and official journal websites. There are 1597 job positions in 67 astronomy and astrophysics journals occupied by the 1394 scholars. Data analysis shows EBI for 95 scholars and 79 organizations. "Aleksei A. Starobinsky" from Russia and the Russian Academy of Sciences, "Daniel J. Scheeres" from the United States, and the University of Colorado Boulder have the highest EBI contributions in five journals. "Daniel J. Scheeres," with a centrality of 39, has the highest degree of centrality measurement among the EBMs. The presence of more than five times as many men as women indicates that astronomy and astrophysics journals are considered "masculine" by the editorial board. The EBI phenomenon is observed in astronomy and astrophysics journals due to the limited number of peop le eligible for the editorial board. Due to EBI, a limited number of famous scholars are made macro-policies such as publishing the articles, referees selections, and the reviewing process. Astronomy and astrophysics journals have "elite" academic networks. Gender inequality exists among EBMs, and the majority of them are male. Accordingly, these journals are "men's journals."
Information resources (General), Transportation and communications
We adapt the post-Newtonian gravitational-radiation methods developed within general relativity by Epstein and Wagoner to the gravitation theory with torsion, recently proposed by Hehl et al., and show that the two theories predict in this approximation the same gravitational radiation losses. Since they agree also on the first post-Newtonian level, they are at the present time - observationally - indistinguishable.
The following annotated bibliography contains a reasonably complete survey of contemporary work in the philosophy of astrophysics. Spanning approximately forty years from the early 1980s to the present day, the bibliography should help researchers entering the field to acquaint themselves with its major texts, while providing an opportunity for philosophers already working on astrophysics to expand their knowledge base and engage with unfamiliar material.
A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled by signs. This is a bibliography of signed graphs and related mathematics.Several kinds of labelled graph have been called "signed" yet are mathematically very different. I distinguish four types:Group-signed graphs: the edge labels are elements of a 2-element group and are multiplied around a polygon (or along any walk). Among the natural generalizations are larger groups and vertex signs.Sign-colored graphs, in which the edges are labelled from a two-element set that is acted upon by the sign group: - interchanges labels, + leaves them unchanged. This is the kind of "signed graph" found in knot theory. The natural generalization is to more colors and more general groups — or no group.Weighted graphs, in which the edge labels are the elements +1 and -1 of the integers or another additive domain. Weights behave like numbers, not signs; thus I regard work on weighted graphs as outside the scope of the bibliography — except (to some extent) when the author calls the weights "signs".Labelled graphs where the labels have no structure or properties but are called "signs" for any or no reason.
Social network research analyzes the relationships between interactions, people, organizations, and entities. With the developing reputation of social media, community detection is drawing the attention of researchers. The purpose of community detection is to divide social networks into groups. These communities are made of entities that are very closely related. Communities are defined as groups of nodes or summits that have strong relationships among themselves rather than between themselves. The clustering of social networks is important for revealing the basic structures of social networks and discovering the hyperlink of systems on human beings and their interactions. Social networks can be represented by graphs where users are shown with the nodes of the graph and the relationships between the users are shown with the edges. Communities are detected through clustering algorithms. In this paper, we proposed a new clustering algorithm that takes into account the extent of relationships among people. Outcomes from particular data suggest that taking into account the profundity of people-to-people relationships increases the correctness of the aggregation methods.
The phrase citizen science is certainly appealing, especially for many of us who have championed the notion of increasing public engagement in science. Citizen science refers most often to projects in which non-scientists provide some of the labor needed for the collection of scientific data, often in environmental research contexts. This involvement provides volunteer workers in support of science while in turn, ideally, offering rewarding and educational participation opportunities for the volunteers. An early U.S. model for citizen participation has been the Cornell University ornithology laboratory, where the recruitment of a widely dispersed army of bird watchers and other non-scientist citizens continues to assist with bird population research and related studies.
But the specific phrase citizen science also conjures up the idea of a sort of participatory democracy operating in the service of science, allowing fresh ideas to bubble up and their policy implications to receive thoughtful attention and popular feedback early on (or, as we later learned to say, «upstream»). It might also suggest science that operates more clearly in the service of society, taking research direction from what its citizens (as community members) actually have to say. This train of thought brings citizen science closer to the idea of community-based participatory research, in which scientific goals are defined in part by communities outside of science itself. The emergence of university-based «science shops», more a European than an American phenomenon, is another close cousin in which scientists allow communities to suggest research problems that reflect community needs.
This issue of Metode presents a series of cases that illustrate both the concept and its divergent objectives: facilitating communication between scientists and non-scientists, raising public interest in science and levels of science literacy, empowering the pursuit of public policy goals, and even pushing the boundaries of social science theory. Younger participants in particular might be motivated to consider alternative career paths, potentially increasing diversity among scientific professionals. Collectively, these goals represent an ambitious agenda for the future through the advancement of frontiers in communication, education, and politics – as well as science itself. And these intriguing cases are still only a handful among many.
Who is a «citizen» and in what sense can they actually «do science»? In the early days of scientific journals, most authors were gentlemen of status. Must a citizen scientist of our own time likewise be a gentleman of status? That certainly does not seem right or fair. Yet, at the same time, the idea that «just anyone» can do science is just not quite right either. Both scientific expertise and scientific authority still matter, especially in the era of climate and COVID where misinformation is often said to be rampant – and is potentially deadly. Given that, what exactly is the role of «citizen scientists»? How do we balance the need for scientific rigor with the need for community involvement (in both directions)? This is a question with no obvious answer.
The idea of citizen science (or amateur science before it) brings with it tensions about the social nature of scientific truth, both the «citizen» part and the «science» part. As Bryan Wynne’s well-known 1989 paper on post-Chernobyl sheep farming argued, radiation scientists had one form of expertise but others (the farmers) had other forms, such as their knowledge of sheep lifecycles, seasons, pastures, and markets. Solutions to managing radiation pollution on sheep farms required both forms.
And yet scientific truth is still established by scientific consensus, not by public opinion or even public participation. In this era of «alternative facts», where it almost seems as though everyone gets to make up their own reality, assisted in no small measure by the dynamics of social media, we are regularly pushed to defend the authority of science. To do that, we need allies. I believe that one productive way of thinking about «citizen scientists» is that they are, or can become, exactly those needed allies, linking communities and societies to the fruits of scientific expertise in the form of knowledge. We should think of the role of citizen scientists not only as gathering data for the «actual» scientists to make use of, but also serving as community opinion leaders on science-related topics.
Communication. Mass media, Information resources (General)
A través de los conceptos de colonialidades, geopolítica y corpo-politica del conocimiento se reflexiona sobre algunos desafíos de la publicación científica latinoamericana en acceso abierto. Aunque América Latina es pionera en iniciativas de acceso abierto y en la creación de sistemas regionales cooperativos para compartir conocimiento como bien común, las revistas “internacionales”, refrendadas por factor de impacto, continúan a ser priorizadas en los sistemas de evaluación y financiamiento de la ciencia de la mayoría de los países de la región. Adicionalmente, estrategias de mercantilización del acceso abierto se hacen cada vez más penetrantes y amenazan con subvertir algunos de los propósitos iniciales del Movimiento de acceso abierto y crear brechas más profundas entre el Norte y el Sur. Por detrás de estos aspectos se sitúa la naturalización y perpetuación de jerarquías y exclusiones ontológicas y epistémicas con trasfondos de racismo sistémico que autores decoloniales caracterizan como colonialidades. Se requiere una desobediencia epistémica, como actitud decolonial, y una concertación de esfuerzos a nivel regional que transforme sistemas de evaluación, preserve el carácter público y académico de la ciencia y garantice equidad y justicia social
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources, Information resources (General)
A categorized bibliography of combinators is given, providing what is believed to be a largely complete coverage of publications from the origination of combinators in 1920 to the present day.
In 2019, Reyes & Wright used the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) to initiate a comprehensive bibliography for SETI accessible to the public. Since then, updates to the library have been incomplete, partly due to the difficulty in managing the large number of false positive publications generated by searching ADS using simple search terms. In preparation for a recent update, the scope of the library was revised and reexamined. The scope now includes social sciences and commensal SETI. Results were curated based on five SETI keyword searches: "SETI", "technosignature", "Fermi Paradox," "Drake Equation", and "extraterrestrial intelligence." These keywords returned 553 publications that merited inclusion in the bibliography that were not previously present. A curated library of false positive results is now concurrently maintained to facilitate their exclusion from future searches. A search query and workflow was developed to capture nearly all SETI-related papers indexed by ADS while minimizing false positives. These tools will enable efficient, consistent updates of the SETI library by future curators, and could be adopted for other bibliography projects as well.
This document is an informal bibliography of the papers dealing with distributed approximation algorithms. A classic setting for such algorithms is bounded degree graphs, but there is a whole set of techniques that have been developed for other classes. These later classes are the focus of the current work. These classes have a geometric nature (planar, bounded genus and unit-disk graphs) and/or have bounded parameters (arboricity, expansion, growth, independence) or forbidden structures (forbidden minors).
Telegraphic notes on the historical bibliography of the Gamma function and Eulerian integrals. Correction to some classical references. Some topics of the interest of the author. We provide some extensive (but not exhaustive) bibliography. Feedback is welcome, notes will be updated and some references need completion.