Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Munazza Akhtar, Arshia Habib, Umer Javeid et al.

Purpose: This study examines how export quality (EQI) interacts with institutional quality (IQI), GDP per capita (GDPPC), and urbanisation (URB) to shape greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Asia, concentrating on whether IQI controls the environmental impact of EQI and in what circumstances does export modernisation translate into cleaner production and lower emissions. Design: Based on a theory-driven framework, this research utilises an econometric approach suitable for heterogeneous Asian panels, embedding an EQI×IQI interaction term to measure moderation. A log–log transformation provides elasticities and enables interpretation of short- and long-run dynamics, while considering cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Findings: Higher EQI mitigate GHG emissions when IQI is strong, via better environmental implementation, cleaner technology diffusion, and access to green finance; in contrast, weak IQI can temper or reverse this effect, allowing carbon-intensive upgrade paths. URB and GDPPC impact energy demand and technology integration, with urbanisation conceivably declining emissions under robust governance but boosting them when governance is weak. The study indicates that the marginal effect of EQI on GHG changes with IQI levels, evidencing a context-dependent technology-for-green policy channel in Asia. Originality: The paper establishes a conditional EQI–GHG mechanism moderated by IQI within an Asia-focused context, tests the EQI×IQI interaction in a log–linear ARDL/PMG-ARDL framework, and highlights sectoral/regional heterogeneity to inform policy design in diverse Asian economies.

Kurniawan Prambudi Utomo Utomo, Muhammad Aziz Winardi N, Suhardoyo et al.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the sustainability of MSMEs affected by infrastructure development and environmental factors on financial performance, especially profitability and insolvency in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) in East Kalimantan. MSMEs have an important role in the national and local economies, but they are vulnerable to structural changes. The development of the IKN driven by infrastructure, technology, and sustainability provides strategic opportunities to increase the competitiveness and resilience of MSMEs within the framework of IPAT (Impact, Population, Affluence, Technology). This study uses a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The research sample consisted of 85 MSMEs that met the research criteria. The results of the study show that the sustainability of MSMEs does not have a significant direct influence on financial performance. On the contrary, infrastructure and environmental factors have a positive and significant influence. In addition, environmental factors significantly mediate the relationship between infrastructure and financial performance, while the mediating role in the relationship between MSME sustainability and financial performance is not proven. These findings show that the sustainability of MSMEs is highly dependent on the quality of infrastructure and environmental management. The application of the IPAT perspective at the micro level shows that the technological and environmental dimensions are able to transform MSME activities into improved financial performance. Policy implications emphasize the importance of integrating infrastructure development and environmental policies in strengthening the sustainable resilience of MSMEs.

Andrzej Raszkowski, Bartosz Bartniczak, Amit Kumar

The aim of this article is to assess the quality of life (QoL) in Central and Eastern Europe through a comparative analysis that identifies key determinants of well-being and evaluates their relative importance across countries. The study situates the assessment within the unique historical and socio-economic transformation of the region, from centrally planned economies to market-oriented systems and subsequent integration into the European Union. Using 42 indicators grouped into thematic domains, material living conditions, health, education, labour activity, safety, governance, and the environment, the research applies descriptive statistics and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to construct a composite QoL index and rank eleven countries according to their performance. The findings reveal substantial disparities, with Estonia and Lithuania achieving the highest QoL scores, while Romania and Bulgaria lag behind. The results highlight the decisive influence of income levels, healthcare accessibility, educational attainment, and environmental quality on overall well-being. The paper concludes with evidence-based policy implications, emphasising investment in education, healthcare systems, sustainable infrastructure, and environmental protection as essential pathways to more balanced and inclusive development across the region.

Bogusław Wacławik, Joanna Popławska, Arkadiusz Sułek et al.

ESG reporting is a key process through which companies provide detailed information regarding their impact on the environment (E), society (S) and corporate governance (G). The aim of the article is to present the authors' research results on the reporting of environmental information in the field of ESG among companies from the energy sector and the defence industry, represented by the example of PIT-RADWAR, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2022-2023. The methodology was based on a review of the literature on the subject, legal acts and own research, which used non-financial reports of listed companies regarding ESG information. According to the authors, the article adds value to the literature on the subject, in particular in terms of gathering source material and discussing it. Considering the growing importance of ESG factors in the defence sector, the article also highlights the emerging trend of ESG reporting in this industry using the example of PIT-RADWAR S.A., emphasising its growing importance and the sector's first steps towards increasing the transparency of non-financial reporting. The subject matter of the article can form the basis for further detailed empirical research on ESG reporting.

Paweł Wolski

The article presents, which was his purpose, an analysis of waste management in Poland and the changes occurring over the years. According to Statistics Poland, 121 million tonnes of waste were generated in 2021, of which 11.3% was municipal waste. Waste volume increased to 123 million tonnes in 2023. The main sources of waste, as in previous years, were mining and extraction (61.9%), manufacturing (22.0%), and electricity, gas, steam, and hot water generation and supply (12.7%). Of the total waste generated in 2021, approximately 48% was recovered, 44% was disposed of by landfilling, and 7% by other means. In 2021, 13,674,000 tonnes of municipal waste were generated.  Effective waste management is essential for ensuring the efficient use of natural resources and sustainable economic growth. In Poland, the amount of municipal and packaging waste produced is increasing. Environmental awareness, however, promotes their rational management. Recovery and recycling are becoming increasingly popular methods of waste management, which is particularly noticeable in the case of packaging waste, amounting to 60%. Therefore, adequate waste management is the future of our planet.

Halina Kiryluk, Joanna Godlewska, Maciej Cygler

Universities have an important role to play in the process of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in its 2015 Declaration, which specifically addresses their contribution in the areas of education, research and social impact. The main objective of the article is to review the approaches of Polish higher education institutions (HEIs) to the formulation of sustainable development strategies by reference to their position in international rankings. The study focused on three international rankings: UI GreenMetric, THE Impact Rankings and QS World University Rankings: Sustainability. The methodology used included literature review and critique, analysis of documents and other source materials, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis. The paper contributes to deepening and advancing the academic debate on the role of universities in achieving the SDGs and improving institutional governance to accelerate progress towards their implementation.

Agnieszka Brelik, Wojciech Lewicki, Milena Bera et al.

In recent years, the development of renewable energy sources has become one of the key demands in the European Union's policy. In Poland, the idea emerged that the energy potential of domestic agriculture may be an opportunity for broader use of the available agricultural biomass. Given that agricultural biogas has long been seen as one of the most promising directions for energy transition, the goal of the article was to assess the potential of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The research methodology was based on statistical measures related to analysing the structure and changes over time in individual years. The structure analysis was carried out for selected Polish provinces, for which empirical distributions were built and selected descriptive parameters were calculated. A similar study was made in relation to selected EU countries. In addition, according to the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy, at least one agricultural biogas plant should be established in each Polish municipality. On this basis, the article assesses the ecological effect of the project on agricultural biogas in Marcinkowice, in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The presented simulations allowed us to conclude that an agricultural biogas plant can be an ecological potential in the form of reducing the consumption of fossil fuels by reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere while reducing fossil fuel consumption. It was important for the practice to confirm that investing in renewable energy sources, including the use of biogas, is part of the goals and directions of development related to the sustainable management of environmental resources and the development of renewable energy sources.

Mariusz Niekurzak, Agnieszka Brelik, Wojciech Lewicki

The article aims to assess the economic recovery and recycling of silicon PV cells and the non-ferrous metals contained in them, taking into account the analysis of costs, benefits and factors: legal, ecological, technical, technological and social. The research methodology was based on statistical measures related to the analysis of PV structure and changes in individual years of operation. For the designated structures, the current state of knowledge and legal status in the field of recycling methods of exploited PV installations were defined. In addition, an analysis of the Polish market about selected developed countries concerning the recycling sector was performed, and the identification of key factors and barriers to the development of the analysed sector was presented. On this basis, the possibilities and directions of support for the PV recycling sector were indicated, and a SWOT analysis of possible methods of its support was made.

Urszula Motowidlak, Daniel Tokarski

 The aim of the article is to identify critical processes in the context of the implementation of returnable packaging in e-commerce and potential risk factors of disruptions in the use of ecological reusable packaging in e-commerce logistics services provided by Arvato Poland Sp. z o.o. they are based in Warsaw. The study is in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal and the circular economy. The applied research methods and techniques included: elementary analysis, desk research analysis, in-depth face-to-face interviews, causal analysis and selected methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The empirical study was carried out in 2021 in two locations of Arvato Poland Sp. z o.o. A review of the literature on the subject indicates that the use of ecological returnable pack- aging in e-commerce logistics is one of the available solutions with great potential to strengthen the sustainable development of the fashion industry. However, the conducted research revealed a high complexity of problems, mainly in the process of accepting, packing, shipping and returning the packaging, which was considered critical for handling e-commerce orders. An in-depth analysis using the Ishikawa diagram identified the causes of potential risk factors for disruptions in the use of reusable eco-packaging in the e-commerce market. It was indicated that improving the process of its implementation should focus on removing factors that make up the identified main categories of their causes. The conclusions of the study can have practical applications to improve the functioning of cost-effective and environmentally friendly e-commerce logistics. The system approach used by the authors in the study of returnable unit packaging in the sustainable development of closed-loop e-commerce contributes to the reduction of the research gap in this thematic area. The issue of ecological reusable packaging is in the initial phase of cognitive research and pilot tests.

Mateusz Rogowski

The development of tourism in valuable natural areas is becoming increasingly dynamic, and therefore this phenomenon requires a more thorough investigation. An increased tourist traffic in a national park entails a range of consequences, which are not irrelevant for the protected nature. The aim of the study is a spatial and quantitative description of tourist traffic in the Stołowe Mountains National Park, basing on the data received from pyro-electric counters in Monitoring System of tourist traffic. The system was created through to cooperation between national park staff and Department of Tourism and Recreation Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (Rogowski, Małek, 2016). In the period from 16th September 2016 to 31th August 2017 were 858 346 entries to national park. July and August were the most popular months which accounts for 22% of the total number of entries. All data was presented the visitors flow indicating the most popular areas and regions and the trails sections. 

Bondan Kanumoyoso

The development of maritime activities in Southeast Asia in the “Age of Commerce” was strongly support by the Malay people. although Westerners have begun to dominate maritime activities in the region since the 17th century, but in the same period Malays and their trading networks continue to perform their irreplaceable function of connecting the various maritime communities that scattered throughout Southeast Asia. The extent of the Malay trade network was one of the factors that shape the maritime character of Southeast Asia. However, Malay trading activities was not only encouraged economic development in this region, but also form an identity that can be called as Malay maritime world of Southeast Asia. This article examines the maritime characteristic of Malay world and how global trade actually strengthens the role of Malay in trade and other maritime activities.

Singgih Tri Sulistiyono

One of the most important objectives of this article is analyse wether or not the idea of the Indonesian identity as a maritime nation is instructed at school in the form of teaching materials. In this respect the history subject at senior high school bocomes the focus of the study. The history subject strategically can be benefitted as the medium of strengthening the Indonesian naitonal identity as a maritime nation. This matter is very important to be studied considering the fact that untill now the issue of national identity of Indonesian nation is still to be debated wether or not Indonesia will be developed to be maritime state or conversely to be agrarian state.  But many Indonesian believe that their ancestors were maritime people. And they confident that only the people who built the country based on thier identity could be a great nation. This article argues that although the maritime history of the great potential in the process of identity formation of Indonesia as a maritime nation and has the potential to strengthen national integration, but aspects of maritime history has not taught proportionally in Indonesian history textbooks.

Marsetio Marsetio

The main objective of this paper is to examine the regional maritime security challenges facing Indonesia. As it is known that entering to the 21st century has come a new term in regional architecture in the Asia-Pacific region, namely the Indo-Pacific region. This region consists of the Indian Ocean and Pacific. Both of these areas became more interconnected than in the previous period. These two regions became a single, significant system in the global order. Key players in the Indo-Pacific region are China, India and the United States. Of course, their actions have created new challenges in maritime security. These challenges include maritime disputes, pirates, and maritime power competition. The dispute in the South China Sea has spawned a security problem in the Asia Pacific region that Indonesia must face in the future.

Agata Kobyłka, Bogusław Sawicki

The aim of the study was to diagnose the conditions for agroturism development in 73 rural and urbanrural communities in Lublin voivodeship, which are located in landscape parks. In the study the following methods were used: a diagnostic surevy method with analysis of statistic data so as the research on the object literature. To evaluate the conditions for agrotourism development, the procedure for identifying a synthetic measure using multidimensional comparative analysis method was used. The study shows that the communities located in Nadwieprzański LP, Chełmski LP, Szczebrzeszyński LP, LP „Puszczy Solskiej”, LP „Pojezierze Łęczyńskie” i LP „Lasy Janowskie” has the best conditions for agritourism development.

Marek Degórski, Ewa Roo-Zielińska, Bożenna Grabińska et al.

STRESZCZENIE: W artykule przedstawiono założenia teoretyczne i metodologię badań projektu finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2012/07/B/ST10/04344) zatytułowanego “Świadczenia ekosystemowe w krajobrazie młodoglacjalnym – ocena zasobów, zagrożeń i wykorzystania”. Celem projektu jest zastosowanie koncepcji usług ekosystemowych do oceny wartości potencjałowej środowiska przyrodniczego i kulturowego w dostarczaniu ES w trzech gminach (Nowinka, Giby, Suwałki), położonych na obszarze młodoglacjalnym.

Magdalena Węglarz

In the article the new method of estimation the consumers’ benefi ts on building the heating block producing heat with renewable energy resources (RES). The study applies to the situation when the new ecological heating company wants to enter to monopolized market. The analysis was based on game theory. The results of four games were compared in the article. There are two utility functions introduced: maximization of producers’ profits and minimization of consumers’ costs. For each utility function there two cases analyzed: when monopolist has to share the part of the market with new players following the market principles and when the heat produced on the basis of RES has the priority over conventional heat production.

Alfonso Alonso Barcón

Josep Niebla

Víctor Mata i Ventura, Marià Hispano Vilaseca

Jaime Rodrigo de Larrucea