We live in the midst of a revolution in communication technologies that affects the way in which people feel, think, and behave. The mass media (including web-based media), Manuel Castells argues, has become the space where political and business power strategies are played out; power now lies in the hands of those who understand or control communication. Over the last thirty years, Castells has emerged as one of the world's leading communications theorists. In this, his most far-reaching book for a decade, he explores the nature of power itself, in the new communications environment. His vision encompasses business, media, neuroscience, technology, and, above all, politics. His case histories include global media deregulation, the misinformation that surrounded the invasion of Iraq, environmental movements, the role of the internet in the Obama presidential campaign, and media control in Russia and China. In the new network society of instant messaging, social networking, and blogging--"mass self-communication"--politics is fundamentally media politics. This fact is behind a worldwide crisis of political legitimacy that challenges the meaning of democracy in much of the world. Deeply researched, far-reaching in scope, and incisively argued, this is a book for anyone who wants to understand the dynamics and character of the modern world. "How could Manuel Castells have predicted that now is the time of the perfect storm? I do not know. But I do know that his new book coincides with the largest downturn in global economies since the 1930s, with the most important American election since the 1960s, with a most radical transformation of world politics in many generations, and with the most profound reevaluation of the lives of modern citizens, from what they value to how they communicate. We have become used to Castells' careful scholarship and penetrating analyses but in this new book he cuts deeper into the heart of the matter. Sometimes he provides illuminating answers and where he cannot, he frames the questions that must be answered. This is a powerful and much needed book for a world in crisis."--Antonio Damasio "Manuel Castells unites the mind of a social scientist with the soul of an artist. His trilogy took us to the edge of the millennium. This book takes us beyond to the critical crossroads of the 21st century, where technology, communication, and power converge."--Rosalind Williams, Director, Program on Science, Technology and Society, MIT
Public relations practitioners have long attempted to persuade publics through mass media campaigns. Social scientists, likewise, have searched for the most persuasive mix of messages and media. Most of this research, however, indicates that the media seldom change attitudes and behavior, and that persuasion is, therefore, an unrealistic objective for a media campaign. Led by Maxwell McCombs, the author of this article, communication researchers have discovered a logical and more realistic effect of media: While the media do not tell people what to think, they tell people what to think about. That is, the media determine which issues—and which organizations—will be put on the public agenda for discussion. In this article, McCombs summarizes research on agenda-setting and then discusses its implications for public relations.
Efficient communication is critical for fostering social inclusion and political cohesiveness in society as well as for information transmission and reality creation. The various media models are also covered in this research, including the public sphere model, which is more accountable to the public, and the commercial model, which puts profit ahead of public service. The essay also emphasizes how the media has the ability to shape public opinion and determine political agendas. In conclusion, communication is a complex process with significant implications for society and politics. The role of mass media, whether through the commercial model or the public sphere model, is crucial in shaping public opinion and facilitating democratic engagement. While media can serve as a voice for the voiceless and a watchdog of democracy, there are concerns about its potential misuse for propaganda and misinformation, impacting public awareness and critical thinking. It is evident that understanding the dynamics of communication and media is essential for informed citizenry and a thriving democratic society.
The media plays a vital role in informing the public about crisis situations. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between media and public relations in crisis situations. This study used a qualitative methodology utilizing in-depth interviews with public relations professionals who have direct experience in crisis management. Research has shown that media can be a powerful tool for crisis communication. Using traditional media such as television, radio, and print media can be effective in reaching a large audience quickly. Online media, such as social media and blogs, can also be effective, especially when targeted to specific audiences and interacting with them in real time. The study also confirmed the importance of a proactive and transparent approach to crisis communication, including developing relationships with the media before a crisis occurs. Building trust with journalists would help communications teams provide accurate and timely information during a crisis, minimizing the potential for misunderstanding or misinformation. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of the media in communicating crisis situations to the public and the importance of effective media management to achieve successful outcomes. Using qualitative methodology, this study provides rich insights into the experiences and perspectives of PR practitioners and offers practical recommendations for those working in this complex field.
María Fernanda Lara-Díaz, Judy Costanza Beltrán Rojas, Yennifer Aponte Rippe
IntroductionDevelopmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by insufficient language and communication development, with no underlying physical, sensory, or cognitive explanations. A prominent feature among children with DLD is their struggle with phonological processing, a pivotal skill for later reading proficiency. Recent research suggests that children with DLD may also exhibit impairments in various non-linguistic cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and perception. Of particular importance is visual attention, which plays a critical role in integrating visual perceptual information with diverse cognitive and linguistic processes.ObjectiveTo characterize visual attention during phonological processing tasks in Colombian children with DLD.MethodologyThis study employed a cross-sectional descriptive experimental design involving 20 children diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and 20 children without language difficulties. All participants underwent language, vocabulary, and phonological awareness tests. Additionally, an experimental task utilizing the eye-tracking method was designed and administered to measure phonological processing with phonological and lexical distractors.ResultsChildren with DLD exhibited diminished performance on phonological awareness tasks, as evidenced by their lower scores. This was further supported by the experimental phonological processing task, where an interference effect was observed in the presence of lexical distractors for word recognition, but not with phonological distractors.ConclusionChildren with DLD demonstrated deficiencies in both phonological awareness and visual attention skills during linguistic and phonological processing tasks. They also exhibit reduced sensitivity in identifying phonological relations such as rhyme. The study discusses these findings along with their clinical implications, emphasizing the importance of assessing online processing abilities in children with DLD and considering the influence of other cognitive abilities on their linguistic performance.
Ferhat Zengin, Uğur Baloğlu, Yıldız Derya Birincioğlu
Dijital çağın getirdiği teknolojik dönüşümler, görsel kültür pratiklerini ve izleyici deneyimlerini önemliölçüde değiştirmektedir. Bu değişim özellikle dijital yerlilerin medya tüketim alışkanlıklarında belirginbir şekilde görülmektedir. Bu araştırma, etkileşimli sinemanın sunduğu görsel ve işitsel teknikler ileizleyicilerin görme kültürü ve görme politikalarını nasıl yapılandırdığı konusunu incelemektedir. Çalışma,sinemanın dijitalleşmeyle gelişen anlatım olanaklarının izleyiciye hikâyeyi yönlendirme ve yönetebilmeimkânı sunmasına, dolayısıyla izleyici pratiklerinde ortaya çıkan değişimlere odaklanmaktadır.Araştırmanın kuramsal çerçevesi, etkileşimli ve siber drama ile çizgisel olmayan anlatı bağlamlarındasinema-izleyici ilişkisinin geçirdiği dönüşümleri ele almaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yeralan fenomenolojik desen üzerine kurulu olan bu araştırmada, 10 katılımcıya Late Shift interaktif filmiizletilerek derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler betimsel ve tematik analiz teknikleriyleçözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre izleyiciler, interaktif film deneyiminde yaratma, yönetmeve temsil etme yanılsaması içerisinde yeni bir özdeşleşme, görme kültürü ve seyir deneyimi içerisinegirmektedir. Çalışma, interaktif sinemanın geleneksel sinemadaki tekil karakter özdeşleşmesini aşarakizleyiciye karakter, yönetmen ve senarist rolleri arasında dinamik geçişler sunan katılımcı bir deneyim yarattığını ve bu sayede salt teknolojik bir yenilikten öte kültürel bir paradigma değişimini temsil ettiğiniortaya koymuştur.
Este ensaio pretende mostrar um caminho que vai da escravidão, à qual foram sujeitos muitos trabalhadores desde antes da Revolução Industrial, passando pela Revolução Industrial, quando a violência a que eram submetidos os escravizados foi transferida para uma forma alienada do trabalho, até chegar às tecnologias digitais atuais. Propõe que os dispositivos tecnológicos digitais incorporaram estruturas alienantes advindas das antigas formas de submissão do trabalhador. O texto inicia falando sobre como as sofisticadas tecnologias atuais são desenvolvidas para resolver demandas que não têm ligação com as reais necessidades de grande parte da população e finaliza discorrendo sobre como uma nova forma de atenção para com populações marginalizadas pode incitar práticas emancipadoras.
Communication. Mass media, Social sciences (General)
Mia Moody-Ramirez, Carolyn M. Byerly, Suman Mishra
et al.
The Journal and Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ) has documented the struggle members of marginalized groups face in their quest to be treated equally in media content and careers. In this analysis, we note that the journal’s century of articles documents the many historical shifts in the representation and treatment of women and minorities in media settings. Articles emphasize the lack of opportunities for advancement, management issues, and systemic inequities perpetuated by media content and practices. Less common were articles that examine the treatment of students and faculty in academia.
Reflexões situadas em uma identidade sino-utiel-valenciana-wenzhounesa-espanhola são vistas como experiências particulares e minoritárias pela hegemonia ocidental, que atribui rótulos de hipersexualização, fetichização, exotismo e criminalização às mulheres asiáticas. Diante do cânone reconhecido pelas instituições educativas eurobrancas como literatura universal, autoras e criadoras migrantes e pessoas racializadas reivindicam espaços com obras literárias e artísticas sobre noções críticas como identidade, legado ou memória, em linguagens fronteiriças, mestiças, fraturadas. Assim, desarmam o sujeito dessubjetivado e desencarnado chamado “autor”, que domina um sistema literário que exclui ao invés de incluir.
Ricardo M. Tamayo, Danilo Rodríguez-Zapata, José A. Parra
Este estudio examina los patrones de selección de noticias en función de las actitudes implícitas y explícitas hacia las marcas de medios informativos, así como la manera en que la orientación política de las personas modula estas actitudes. En un experimento con 126 estudiantes universitarios (56 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 41 años, examinamos la elección de titulares atribuidos a los diarios colombianos El Tiempo y El Espectador mediante una tarea de selección forzada. Se midieron las actitudes implícitas y explícitas hacia las marcas, la frecuencia de consulta, la orientación política y el cambio en las actitudes tras presentar un artículo de intervención que explicaba el fenómeno del sesgo de confirmación. Los hallazgos indican que las actitudes explícitas, pero no las implícitas, predijeron la elección de los titulares de prensa. La frecuencia de consulta predijo la orientación política de las personas, aunque este efecto funcionó a través de las actitudes explícitas. El artículo de intervención modificó las actitudes explícitas, pero no las implícitas. Los participantes mostraron una leve tendencia política de izquierda y prefirieron contenidos del diario El Espectador, probablemente debido al sesgo de confirmación. En conclusión, las actitudes explícitas influyeron en la elección de titulares, la frecuencia de consumo y la orientación política de la muestra.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
ABSTRACT Two experiments examined if persuasive effectiveness of health messages varies as a function of the communication channel (Facebook vs. news website), and if so, why. Specifically, we examined perceived ulterior motives of the communicator as an explanation for why public health campaigns may be less effective when conveyed via mass-directed (vs. interpersonal) channels, and further investigated if message recipients’ health interest moderates such channel effects, if any. In Study 1 (N = 103), reading a medical news reporter’s Facebook post on dental health (vs. a news article consisting of the identical content) lowered the participants’ suspicion of ulterior motives of the source, which then promoted message-consistent attitudes and behavioral intention. Such effects, however, emerged only for those more interested in health. Using a different topic (a low-carb, high-fat diet), Study 2 (N = 338) replicated Study 1 findings, confirming the conditional persuasive advantages of social media over mass media as a health campaign channel.
Jonathan Gruber, Eszter Hargittai, Minh Hao Nguyen
Face-to-face communication is important for building and maintaining relationships. The COVID-19 pandemic led to severe limitations in people’s face-to-face interactions, resulting in most people relying more heavily on digital communication for social connection. Existing research has contributed to the understanding of how face-to-face communication is used alongside digital communication. However, we know little about what elements of face-to-face interactions people miss especially when in-person meetings are heavily reduced, and how this is related to their use of digital communication for social connection. In this study, we draw upon survey data that we collected in spring 2020 from a national sample of U. S. adults to answer these questions. We find that most people missed elements of face-to-face interactions and particularly valued spontaneous interactions, physical closeness, and independence from technology about in-person interactions. More frequent and increasing use of popular digital modes such as voice calls, video calls, text messages, and social media were all positively related to missing face-to-face communication. Our results contribute to the understanding of the role and value of in-person interactions in a digital world.
The purpose of this research study was to explore the role and significance of mass communication in developing countries. Mass communication is defined as a process of collecting, sending, and receiving the information to masses and the channels employed during this process are known as mass media. There are different types of mass media ranging from print and broadcast media to outdoor and digital media. All types of mass media are considered to perform some vital functions ranging from surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission to entertainment, sensationalization, mobilization, and validation. Apart from these functions, one of the most pivotal functions of mass media for both developed and developing economies is its inevitable role in encouraging development within the nations.
The purpose of this research study was to explore the role and significance of mass communication in developing countries. Mass communication is defined as a process of collecting, sending, and receiving the information to masses and the channels employed during this process are known as mass media. There are different types of mass media ranging from print and broadcast media to outdoor and digital media. All types of mass media are considered to perform some vital functions ranging from surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission to entertainment, sensationalization, mobilization, and validation. Apart from these functions, one of the most pivotal functions of mass media for both developed and developing economies is its inevitable role in encouraging development within the nations.
PurposeDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, mass media play a vital role in containing the outbreak of the virus by quickly and effectively delivering risk communication messages to the public. This research examines the effects of risk communication exposure on public understanding and risk perception of COVID-19 and public compliance with health preventive measures.Design/methodology/approachData from Vietnam during COVID-19 social distancing and path analysis model are used for empirical analysis.FindingsThis analysis finds that exposure to risk communication in mass media encourages public compliance directly and indirectly through the mediating roles of public understanding and risk perception. Further investigations also find that exposure to risk communication in both online media and traditional media facilitates public compliance. In addition, exposure to risk communication in online media only raises public risk perception, whereas exposure to risk communication in traditional media only raises public understanding.Research limitations/implicationsThis research implies that traditional and online media should be combined to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government risk communication work.Originality/valueThis research is among the first attempts that examine the role of mass media (both traditional and online) in enhancing public compliance with preventive measures directly and indirectly through the mediating roles of public risk perception and understanding.