Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

Paul Friedrich, Florentin Bieder, Florian M. Thieringer et al.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a key component of gender affirmation for transgender and gender diverse patients, aiming to reshape craniofacial structures toward a female morphology. Current surgical planning procedures largely rely on subjective clinical assessment, lacking quantitative and reproducible anatomical guidance. We therefore propose AutoFFS, a novel data-driven framework that generates counterfactual skull morphologies through adversarial free-form deformations. Our method performs a deformation-based targeted adversarial attack on an ensemble of pre-trained binary sex classifiers that learned sexual dimorphism, effectively transforming individual skull shapes toward the target sex. The generated counterfactual skull morphologies provide a quantitative foundation for preoperative planning in FFS, driving advances in this largely overlooked patient group. We validate our approach through classifier-based evaluation and a human perceptual study, confirming that the generated morphologies exhibit target sex characteristics.

Marco Faytong-Haro, Marco Faytong-Haro, Marco Faytong-Haro et al.

Women are underrepresented globally in the field of data analytics, particularly in underdeveloped countries. We present a protocol to assess the impact of the New Dimensions program, a data analytics and business intelligence course sequence that aims to address this gender gap by providing free business intelligence training to disadvantaged women in Ecuador. The program offers both technical (Business Intelligence) and soft skills training, including Excel, Power BI, SQL, GitHub, R, Tableau, statistics, Python, and workshops on empowerment, employability, and public speech. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study is to assess the impact of this training program on employability and other well-being outcomes of the participants. A total of 80 individuals will be part in the study, of which 70 will be selected to participate in the program, 50 will receive both hard and soft skills training, and 20 only soft skills training. Ten individuals will form part of the control group with no intervention. The study design involves a nonrandomized control group composed of rejected applicants. Data will be collected through an online application form and a computer-based exam. The outcome measures are participants' labor market outcomes, income, food security, and economic stratification, among others. This protocol will prospectively evaluate the program's potential effectiveness; findings will inform future, larger randomized studies focused on employability and well-being in underrepresented groups.

Pallavi Gupta

While agriculture is recognised as vital for improving nutrition, the evidence linking women's participation to sustained nutritional gains remains inconclusive. This review synthesizes studies published between 2000 and 2024 to reflect current agricultural practices and nutritional challenges. We examine how agricultural practices and time use affect nutritional outcomes among rural women through pathways such as income generation food preparation and intra-household labour allocation. A structured methodology with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria was used to assess gender-sensitive and nutrition-sensitive interventions. Using narrative synthesis the review categorizes findings around key themes and contextual factors including socio-economic status seasonality and labour intensity. The results show that while increased involvement in agriculture can boost household dietary diversity and income it also raises time burdens that affect food preparation childcare and self-care. Positive outcomes occur when interventions enhance women's decision-making power income access and use of time-saving technologies whereas negative outcomes emerge when excessive workloads compromise energy balance and limit rest. A conceptual framework is presented to map the dual pathways linking agriculture time use and nutrition capturing the roles of labour distribution social norms and resource access. The framework underscores the need to integrate gender equity time efficiency and nutritional objectives into agricultural policies. In conclusion agricultural interventions have potential for nutritional improvement if they are carefully designed to avoid unintended negative impacts on women.

Zahra Fakoor Harehdasht, Raziyeh Saki

Recently, the unequal presence of women compared to men in technology has attracted the attention of researchers and practitioners across multiple fields. It is time to regard this problem as a global crisis that not only limits access to talent but also reduces the diversity of perspectives that shape technological innovation. This article examines the psychological and social barriers that influence this gap, as well as the interventions designed to reduce it. Using a structured review, the findings assemble evidence on the role of early gender stereotypes in the family and school and the continuation of this crisis in educational and career choices, through to the psychological challenges women face in professional settings, such as feelings of self-undervaluation, occupational anxiety, a heightened fear of technology, and structural limitations in educational environments. Special attention is paid to Germany, where the technology gap is particularly evident and where multiple national programs have been implemented to address it. The present review shows that effective solutions require more than anti-discrimination policies: they should include educational practices, organizational reforms, mentoring, and psychological support. The article concludes by outlining practical and research implications and introduces the NEURON project as a pilot interdisciplinary initiative aimed at accelerating current empowerment efforts and developing new programs for women in technology occupations.

Marek Kwiek, Lukasz Szymula

We followed scientists who started publishing in 2000 and who continued publishing until 2020-2023 (N = 41,424). These survivors in science authored 2 million articles (N = 2,089,097) with more than 70 million cited references (N = 73,118,395) and worked in 38 OECD countries. Using a raw Scopus dataset, we examined gender disparities in publishing intensity, international collaboration, journal selection, productivity, citations, team formation, and publishing breaks in 16 STEMM and social science disciplines. Several author-level metrics were computed. Our data show a gender productivity gap for both lifetime scholarly output and annual journal prestige-normalized productivity. Surprisingly, in the context of extant literature, the data do not show a gender international collaboration gap, a gender journal selection gap, a gender citation gap, or a gender team formation gap. Men were on average 23% more productive than women cumulatively in 2000-2023 and 19% more productive in the last 5 years studied (2019-2023). Men and women published in equally prestigious journals, received the same number of citations (field-normalized), and worked in equally sized teams. In all, 80% of scientists in STEMM disciplines and 70% in the social sciences had published every year. Our data indicate interesting disciplinary differences in gender disparities.

Svetlana Barkanova, Gwen Grinyer, Juliette Mammei et al.

We discuss a number of new initiatives and events since 2020 which we hope will contribute to advancement of equity issues within the physics community in Canada. A recent analysis of high-school data shows that men are still over-represented in high-school physics courses, and the fraction has not changed in over a decade. Results from a national survey show that despite improvements over the years, the percentage of women and gender diverse physicists drops by around 35% between undergraduate students to those in a physics career. This decline is even more notable among Black, Indigenous, and people of colour (BIPOC) women and gender diverse physicists, whose representation drops by almost 60%. Several programs from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) have been implemented in order to improve equity, diversity, and accessibility in STEM on a national level, most notably the Chairs for Women in Sciences and Engineering (CSWE) and Chairs for Inclusion in Sciences and Engineering (CISE) initiatives. It is crucial to maintain data collection and support existing as well as new EDI projects in future years as we work to build a more inclusive community of physicists in Canada.

Ke Wang, Dongmin Yao, Xin Ye et al.

While ride-hailing services offer increased travel flexibility and convenience, persistent nighttime safety concerns significantly reduce women's willingness to use them. Existing research often treats women as a homogeneous group, neglecting the heterogeneity in their decision-making processes. To address this gap, this study develops the Latent Class Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (LC-ICLV) model with a mixed Logit kernel, combined with an ordered Probit model for attitudinal indicators, to capture unobserved heterogeneity in women's nighttime ride-hailing decisions. Based on panel data from 543 respondents across 29 provinces in China, the analysis identifies two distinct female subgroups. The first, labeled the "Attribute-Sensitive Group", consists mainly of young women and students from first- and second-tier cities. Their choices are primarily influenced by observable service attributes such as price and waiting time, but they exhibit reduced usage intention when matched with female drivers, possibly reflecting deeper safety heuristics. The second, the "Perception-Sensitive Group", includes older working women and residents of less urbanized areas. Their decisions are shaped by perceived risk and safety concerns; notably, high-frequency use or essential nighttime commuting needs may reinforce rather than alleviate avoidance behaviors. The findings underscore the need for differentiated strategies: platforms should tailor safety features and user interfaces by subgroup, policymakers must develop targeted interventions, and female users can benefit from more personalized risk mitigation strategies. This study offers empirical evidence to advance gender-responsive mobility policy and improve the inclusivity of ride-hailing services in urban nighttime contexts.

Ezra Gayawan, Osafu Augustine Egbon, Edson Utazi et al.

Immunization remains one of the most effective public health interventions, substantially reducing childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet, gender disparity and women's disempowerment continue to hinder access to vaccination services in low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, variations in social norms and cultural values shape gender roles, limiting women's autonomy in healthcare decisions and household participation. These constraints contribute to spatial differences in immunization uptake. Using data from four waves of the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, we developed two empowerment indices capturing women's participation in household decision-making and their ability to decide on personal healthcare needs. A structured spatiotemporal statistical model was applied to assess how much of the observed vaccination disparities could be attributed to women's empowerment and to predict vaccination outcomes at the third administrative level. We examined five indicators: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), zero-dose, complete DPT, MCV-1 (first dose of measles-containing vaccine), and all-basic vaccination coverage. Model validation involved comparing empirical estimates with projections at the second administrative level. Results indicate that empowerment related to household participation and healthcare autonomy generally increases vaccination uptake, though the magnitude of effects varies geographically, particularly among highly empowered women. Despite ongoing national efforts to close immunization gaps, the study highlights the need for context-specific strategies that enhance women's decision-making power and community engagement to reduce regional disparities and improve overall vaccination coverage.

Ewa Makowska-Tłumak, Sylwia Bedyńska, Kinga Skorupska et al.

Although information and communication technologies (ICT) solutions have positive outcomes for both companies and employees, the digital transformation (DT) could have an impact on the well-being of employees. The jobs of the employees became more demanding, and they were expected to learn ICT skills and cope with ICT workloads and hassles. Due to negative stereotypes about women's deficiency in technology, these ICT problems could affect female and male employees differently. Thus, we predicted that this additional pressure may manifest itself in higher levels of digital transformation stress (DTS) in female employees. The results confirmed this prediction and indicated the existence of a gender gap in DTS, measured two-fold - in sentiment analysis of help desk tickets and self-report using a psychological scale. Based on these results, we explore the need to discuss possible solutions and tools to support women in ICT-heavy workplace contexts.

Hayley Truskewycz, Ruth Jeanes, Justen O’Connor

Introduction Sport is regularly used as a policy-led tool to facilitate outcomes aligned with resettlement and integration of refugees. However, the understanding of the role of sport in the resettlement of refugees is limited by a narrow focus on policy-led integration outcomes and player participation (Nunn et al., 2021). Moreover, refugee men prevail as the dominant participants, in not only sporting programs, but also within the research that informs the sport resettlement agenda (Ekholm et al., 2019). Therefore, the participation of refugee women in sport policy and programming is largely understood through refugee men's experiences, where the role of sport in resettlement and the daily lives of refugee women is less well understood. This research, guided by postcolonial feminism, examined how sport is deployed as a resettlement and integration policy tool for refugee backgrounded women living in Melbourne, Australia, and aimed to determine the relevance of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded women. Methods Bacchi (2009) framework for policy analysis examined three government sport policies texts that represented refugee integration as a ‘problem’ to be managed through sport. Interviews with policy actors and sport program providers investigated practices and discourses underpinning refugee women’s inclusion in sport programming. Ethnographic fieldwork conducted over a 12-month period with a culturally diverse community football club, explored the role of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded mothers and their children. Data was analysed using critical discourse analysis and thematic analysis. Results Factors at policy level, i.e. the tokenistic presence of women and girls in policy texts, and programming level, i.e. their inclusion into male dominated spaces shaped by neoliberal agendas, continue to resist refugee women’s participation in mainstream sport. Refugee women’s secondary presence in policy and programming was reinforced by temporary, sporadic and competitive funding opportunities that were heavily reliant on participation numbers and hegemonic masculinity, preserving the privilege of the status-quo. Integration in the policy texts was understood as belonging to the dominant Anglo-Australian culture, but belonging was contested, and the refugee mothers in this study understood belonging as being to their own cultures. Their sporting club was a space of belonging, stress relief, social connection, agency and cultural maintenance. The sport club was an important part of their lives as individuals, and was an important aspect of parenting and motherhood. Discussion/Conclusion Our study indicates that policy level and policy actors that promote the inclusion and integration of refugees through sport regularly marginalise refugee women and place them as tokenistic participants. Our findings suggest that ethno-specific, community driven sporting spaces are not oppositional, but play a complementary role in policy-led integration agendas. Sport can play an important role in resettlement among refugee backgrounded mothers and their families, where it offers a stable foundation from which other outcomes and benefits are able to facilitated. If sport has the capacity to facilitate positive social outcomes in line with settlement and integration, then greater efforts must be made to ensure women and girls are included and represented in the sport rhetoric (Ekholm et al., 2019). References Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: What’s the problem represented to be? Pearson. Ekholm, D., Dahlstedt, M., & Rönnbäck, J. (2019). Problematizing the absent girl: Sport as a means of emancipation and social inclusion. Sport in Society, 22(6), 1043-1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1505870 Nunn, C., Spaaij, R., & Luguetti, C. (2021). Beyond integration: Football as a mobile, transnational sphere of belonging for refugee-background young people. Leisure Studies, 41(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1962393

Denise Furness, Nguyen Khanh Trang Huynh, Ligaya Kaufmann et al.

IntroductionIn many parts of Asia Pacific (APAC), insufficient intake of micronutrients that are important for conception and pregnancy remains a prevalent issue among women of reproductive age. It is crucial to gain insights into women's nutritional awareness and nutrition-related behaviors, as well as how these relate to their health literacy (HL). This understanding can help identify gaps and guide the development of appropriate intervention strategies. However, there appears to be limited relevant data available for the APAC region. We therefore examined nutritional awareness and behaviors among preconception and pregnant women in three APAC countries, and explored how these were related to women's HL.MethodsCross-sectional online surveys were conducted among preconception (i.e., planning to conceive within the next 12 months or currently trying to conceive) and pregnant women in Australia (N = 624), China (N = 600), and Vietnam (N = 300). The survey questionnaire included a validated tool for HL (Newest Vital Sign) and questions to examine awareness and behaviors relating to healthy eating and prenatal supplementation during preconception and pregnancy.ResultsDespite recommendations for a quality diet complemented by appropriate supplementation during preconception and pregnancy, many respondents in each country were not aware of the specific impact of adequate nutrition during these stages. While many respondents reported changes in their diet to eat more healthily during preconception and pregnancy, a substantial proportion were not taking prenatal supplements. Higher HL was related to greater nutritional awareness and higher use of prenatal supplements.DiscussionOur findings suggest that there are gaps in nutritional awareness and practices of many preconception or pregnant women in the three countries. Interventions to improve HL would be valuable to complement conventional knowledge-centric nutrition education, and enhance understanding and empower women to adopt appropriate nutritional practices throughout their preconception/pregnancy journey.

Antônio Rodrigues Neto, Emily Marcelly Neves

No artigo investigamos o reconhecimento legal da identidade transgênero a partir do Mutirão da Defensoria Pública criado na cidade de Ituiutaba (MG), localizada no Triângulo Mineiro, a partir de dados coletados e experiências acumuladas com a realização de três edições (2020-2023). A cidade foi precursora na viabilização de retificações civis sem custos para hipossuficientes em Minas Gerais. Os Mutirões representam a estratégia mobilizada para promoção de direitos trans, inicialmente com o propósito de contornar limitações tributárias estaduais que vedavam a concessão de gratuidade de ofício, o que somente vem a ser superado em dezembro de 2023, quando o legislativo reconhece o direito à gratuidade nos procedimentos de retificação para pessoas hipossuficientes. Com base em dados do Mutirão Trans de 2022, propomos reflexões sobre o perfil socioeconômico do público atendido e apresentamos a estratégia de planejamento e execução da edição de 2023, especialmente em relação aos pontos de aperfeiçoamento percebidos e novos desafios para ampliação dos alcances do Mutirão com a estadualização da iniciativa para todas as Defensorias mineiras (articulação institucional) e oferecimento de serviços para além da retificação dos documentos pessoais (alargamento da tutela dos direitos trans).

Roxana Gutiérrez-Romero

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of femicide laws in combating gender-based killings of women, a major cause of premature female mortality. Focusing on Mexico, a pioneer in adopting such legislation, the paper exploits variations in the enactment of femicide laws and prison sentences across states. Using the difference-in-differences estimator, the analysis reveals femicide laws have not impacted femicides, homicides, disappearances, or suicides of women. Results remain robust when considering differences in prison sentencing, states introducing unilateral divorce, equitable divorce asset compensation, or decriminalizing abortion. Findings also hold with synthetic matching, suggesting laws are insufficient to combat gender-based violence in contexts of impunity.

Ankolika De

Instagram has been appropriated by communities for several contemporary social struggles, often translating into real world action. Likewise, women of color (WOC) have used it to protest, share information and support one another through its various affordances. However, Instagram is known to have frequent updates, and recently the updates have been more drastic. The newest update changed the recommendation algorithm such that it showed video-oriented content (reels) from unknown accounts over static media from a user's own network. Several marginalized communities, and especially WOC resisted this change and others that led to it. Due to the backlash, Instagram rolled back its changes. Drawing from past HCI work on digital platforms for marginalised communities, I propose a qualitative study informed by the open research strategy to understand why WOC are resisting these changes, and eventually provide implications for design that can help implement changes in a more inclusive manner.

Asra Aslam, Sachini Herath, Ziqi Huang et al.

In this paper, we present the details of Women in Computer Vision Workshop - WiCV 2024, organized alongside the CVPR 2024 in Seattle, Washington, United States. WiCV aims to amplify the voices of underrepresented women in the computer vision community, fostering increased visibility in both academia and industry. We believe that such events play a vital role in addressing gender imbalances within the field. The annual WiCV@CVPR workshop offers a)~opportunity for collaboration between researchers from minority groups, b) mentorship for female junior researchers, c) financial support to presenters to alleviate financial burdens and d)~a diverse array of role models who can inspire younger researchers at the outset of their careers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive report on the workshop program, historical trends from the past WiCV@CVPR events, and a summary of statistics related to presenters, attendees, and sponsorship for the WiCV 2024 workshop.

Caroline Farias Alves

Lisa Oktiviani Tanaga, Eni Maryani, Evi Rosfiantika

Sweet Home is a South Korean Netflix film series featuring predominantly masculine female characters. In South Korea, films or series with openly feminist issues receive backlash from parties who strongly oppose feminism. However, this film series gained success, and its masculine female characters received various praises. This study aims to identify the representation of female masculinity in the film. This study applied qualitative research using John Fiske’s semiotic analysis. It found that there are codes of masculinity in the female characters at the level of reality. The female characters are strong, athletic, active individuals, leaders, technicians, and adventurers. At the level of representation, the female characters are identified as masculinity as they are subjects who can determine attitudes and make decisions. Then, if the women in the film are allowed to speak, act, and behave like men, the women are superior to men. The female characters represent a belief that men are the opposite of women. The women need to appear to defeat or to be more significant, which can be categorized as radical feminism at the ideological level.

Matúš Pikuliak, Andrea Hrckova, Stefan Oresko et al.

We present GEST -- a new manually created dataset designed to measure gender-stereotypical reasoning in language models and machine translation systems. GEST contains samples for 16 gender stereotypes about men and women (e.g., Women are beautiful, Men are leaders) that are compatible with the English language and 9 Slavic languages. The definition of said stereotypes was informed by gender experts. We used GEST to evaluate English and Slavic masked LMs, English generative LMs, and machine translation systems. We discovered significant and consistent amounts of gender-stereotypical reasoning in almost all the evaluated models and languages. Our experiments confirm the previously postulated hypothesis that the larger the model, the more stereotypical it usually is.

Sarah Barrington

Online abuse is becoming an increasingly prevalent issue in modern-day society, with 41 percent of Americans having experienced online harassment in some capacity in 2021. People who identify as women, in particular, can be subjected to a wide range of abusive behavior online, with gender-specific experiences cited broadly in recent literature across fields such as blogging, politics, and journalism. In response to this rise in abusive content, platforms have been found to largely employ "individualistic moderation" approaches, aiming to protect users from harmful content through the screening and management of singular interactions or accounts. Yet, previous work performed by the author of this paper has shown that in the cases of women in particular, these approaches can often be ineffective; failing to protect users from multi-dimensional abuse spanning prolonged time periods, different platforms, and varying interaction types. In recognition of its increasing complexity, platforms are beginning to outsource content moderation to users in a new and decentralized approach. The goal of this research is to examine the feasibility of using multidimensional abuse indicators in a Twitter-based moderation algorithm aiming to protect women from female-targeted online abuse. This research outlines three indicators of multidimensional abuse, explores how these indicators can be extracted as features from Twitter data, and proposes a technical framework for deploying an end-to-end moderation algorithm using these features.

Doris Antensteiner, Marah Halawa, Asra Aslam et al.

In this paper, we present the details of Women in Computer Vision Workshop - WiCV 2023, organized alongside the hybrid CVPR 2023 in Vancouver, Canada. WiCV aims to amplify the voices of underrepresented women in the computer vision community, fostering increased visibility in both academia and industry. We believe that such events play a vital role in addressing gender imbalances within the field. The annual WiCV@CVPR workshop offers a) opportunity for collaboration between researchers from minority groups, b) mentorship for female junior researchers, c) financial support to presenters to alleviate finanacial burdens and d) a diverse array of role models who can inspire younger researchers at the outset of their careers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive report on the workshop program, historical trends from the past WiCV@CVPR events, and a summary of statistics related to presenters, attendees, and sponsorship for the WiCV 2023 workshop.