Purpose – The academic library’s physical capacity and its service obligations to local users structured the traditional print collection. Largely freed of these constraints, the digital collection manager enjoys unprecedented freedoms but now contends with a collection susceptible to resource sprawl and scope ambiguity. This exploratory study aims to consider the possibility that intra-field social processes help to structure and routinize digital collection practice. Design/methodology/approach – Lacking the constraints to which print collections are subject, electronic resource and digital library collections are more likely to reflect idiosyncratic institutional interests and therefore, to demonstrate significant variation. Evidence of homogeneity may suggest the influence of heretofore underexplored social structures. To determine the extent of such homogeneity, the author performed exploratory/descriptive content analyses on ten electronic resource collection development policies and six digital library collection development policies. Findings – The data reveal among both the electronic resource and digital library collection policies significant uniformity. Content analyses demonstrate consistent themes (e.g. media, audience, selection priorities, etc.) and rhetoric. These findings lend support to the study’s central hypothesis regarding latent social structures. Analyses also reveal a set of unanticipated constraints unique to digital collection management. Originality/value – Despite the breadth and maturity of literature addressing the Digital Turn in academic librarianship, relatively little attention has been paid to the social dimensions of collection management. This work represents an important corrective and suggests new theoretical approaches to the study of digital collection practice.
Іванна Віталіївна Марчук, Катерина Ігорівна Золотухіна
Індустрія бізнес поліграфії, паковання та створення рекламних матеріалів стрімко розвивається. Плівки, пластики, кераміка та інші матеріали, що задруковуються, сьогодні активно застосовуються під час створення паковання та рекламної продукції. Перенесення фарби на пористі і невсотувальні матеріали забезпечується не тільки параметрами друку, а й технологічного середовища. Під час вибору методу репродукування та друкування продукції важливо враховувати особливості матеріалів, що задруковуються. Для цього потрібно проаналізувати можливі варіанти, оцінити властивості та можливості і в результаті обрати найбільш оптимальні. Матеріали повинні відповідати обраній технології друку. Також сьогодні дуже важливо врахувати економічні та екологічні показники. В роботі проаналізовано основні види невсотувальних задруковуваних матеріалів, розроблено класифікацію, проведено патентний пошук, за яким спрогнозовано рівень розвитку цифрового друку на невсотувальних та пористих матеріалах. Зроблено висновки, що з подальшим розвитком технологій цифровий друк на невсотувальних матеріалах буде збільшувати свої можливості і, відповідно, попит серед споживачів. Технологія цифрового друку сприяє стабільному майбутньому в галузі виготовлення поліграфічної продукції. Все це можливо завдяки високій ефективності, якості, роздільній здатності, швидкості, надійності, довговічності та захисту навколишнього середовища.
Of particular interest to business are the latest and fastest growing online marketing communications, also known as Internet marketing, web marketing, interactive marketing or online marketing. From the variety
of names it is clear that there is no single position on the issue of the definition and features of this communication channel. A company can promote a new logo, product or overall campaign through multiple channels - print media, television, web and social networks. The idea of the marketing mix is that the content that is submitted to each of them is different and in line with the requirements of the specific channel, but all direct users to the same point, namely - the product or service. The purpose of the article is to present a systematization of online marketing communications and to
justify the need for their use in modern business. The research methods are based on the complex use of induction, deduction, comparison, analysis, classification, consultation methods, etc. The results of the research can be used to identify the priority activities in online sales and in the development of company online strategies for business expansion and entry into international markets. The conclusions of the present study are a prerequisite and opportunities for subsequent analysis of the application of online
communications in business.
The article is devoted to identifying the current image of Russia in the mirror of the German media after the Ukrainian crisis. The role of the media is noted, the crisis situation in Ukraine is characterized. Analyzed publications in the leading print media of Germany on the topic of Russian foreign policy in Ukraine and the role of the Russian Federation in the political crisis in Ukraine (2013–2014). The authors have identified and identified key approaches in the formation of German society a certain idea of Russia and its foreign policy. As conclusions, it is noted that both for objective reasons, and not least thanks to the German media, which use a lot of negative characteristics when constructing the image of Russia, relations between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany go through a zone of mutual exclusion. However, relations between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany can go to a new level, taking into account the possible pragmatic cooperation of the two states, and provided, among other things, a reduction in the degree of anti-Russian rhetoric in the German media.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Gabriela dos Santos de Jesus, Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa, Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães de Oliveira
et al.
Resumo Fundamento Excesso de adiposidade corporal e doenças cardiovasculares são problemas mundiais com crescente prevalência em crianças e adolescentes, sendo necessário investigar a relação destes, afim de construir estratégias de enfrentamento. Objetivo Investigar influência do excesso de adiposidade corporal sobre os níveis séricos de apolipoproteínas B e A1 (ApoB e ApoA1) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos Busca sistemática nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Ovid e Science Direct de coortes consideradas elegíveis, avaliando-se qualidade metodológica e risco de viés; estudos combináveis, com boa qualidade e baixo risco de viés foram analisados com metanálise; a medida sumária utilizada foi a diferença de média ponderada e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança a 95%. Resultados 8 artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade, incluindo indivíduos com média de idade variando de 9 a 15,7 anos. Para a metanálise, incluíram-se 4 artigos, com total de 7.974 crianças e adolescentes. Observou-se aumento médio de 4,94 mg/dL (IC 95%: 4,22 a 5,67 mg/dL) nos níveis de ApoB naqueles com excesso de adiposidade. Para a ApoA1, identificou-se redução média de -8,13 mg/dL (IC 95%: - 9,09 a -7,17 mg/dL) nos níveis séricos desse marcador em indivíduos com maior adiposidade corporal. Além disso, a influência do excesso de adiposidade corporal sobre os níveis de ApoA1 e ApoB foi maior entre adolescentes do que entre crianças. Conclusões O excesso de adiposidade corporal influenciou tanto na redução dos valores de ApoA1 quanto no aumento dos níveis de ApoB em crianças e adolescentes, e tais alterações foram mais relevantes entre adolescentes.(Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system
[Background] Following a nationwide switch to a generic antidepressant, a series of negative media stories publicised the experiences of some patients having side effects following the switch. This occurred first in print media and five months later it occurred again in television news. In this study we examined the effect of television news stories compared to print stories on adverse drug reaction reporting. We also examined the change in reporting rate of specific side effects mentioned in the TV news bulletins. [Method] Using an interrupted time series analysis of data from a national adverse reactions database, we compared the number of adverse reaction reports after the print and television coverage and the changes in reporting rate of side effects mentioned and not mentioned in TV news stories. [Results] We found a significant increase in adverse reaction reports following TV news items that discussed patients’ reports of side effects following the medication switch (interruption effect = 73.25, p = .046). The reporting rate of symptoms mentioned in the TV news bulletins also increased, in particular suicidal thoughts (interruption effect = 23.60, p = .031). The effect of TV stories on adverse reaction reports was 211% greater than the print articles. [Conclusions] Television stories have a much stronger effect than print media on nocebo responding and specific symptoms mentioned in the bulletins have a direct influence on the type of side effects subsequently reported. Media guidelines should be developed to reduce the negative public health effects of media coverage following medication switches.
Viktoriya V. Kukanova, Aleksandra T. Bayanova, Larisa B. Mandzhikova
Introduction. Photography is a visual source of information, and its unique character has
been recognized by numerous researchers. Newspaper photographs tend to mirror both a historical era
proper and daily life of its inhabitants. Goals. The paper aims at analyzing the ‘essential messages’
of photographs published by Khalmg Ünn (‘The Kalmyk Pravda’) newspaper in 1957–1961. The
periodical is an ethnic-oriented print media to have published — and still does — Kalmyk language
materials. Materials and Methods. The continuous sampling method was employed to extract
photographs from newspaper issues of 1957–1961. So, a total of 4,000 units were analyzed, but the
study primarily focuses on pictures that were taken by local photographers in the territory of the
Kalmyk ASSR. Photographs by TASS were involved to trace similar trends through comparison with
regional photographic images. Conclusions. The study shows that photographic materials of Khalmg
Ünn (‘The Kalmyk Pravda’) highlight different artistic trends manifested in the eclectic patterns
compiled from both Socialist realism and the ‘severe style’ (the latter characterized by romantic heroification of strenuous laborers). Just in two years the newspaper images rapidly evolutionized
from mere shots to photographic pictures created through the use of diverse means and methods, e.g.,
that of hyperbolization achieved via different camera angles and glass prism techniques. Newspaper
photographers turned to common laborers to show their joys and hardships, everyday life of citizens
not involved in party or any other administrative activities. The Khrushchev era gave rise to most
essential changes in newspaper photography and the images examined. Further analysis of newspaper
materials shall facilitate the development of both regional print media and anthropological studies at
large.
History (General), Oriental languages and literatures
Introduction: Today, as environmental problems are escalating with the ever-increasing rise in population, there is an urgent need to protect the environment. Researchers have suggested various solutions for environmental problems, most of which are technological but nowadays due to the high cost of these projects, they are interested in changing people's lifestyles and behavior. They believes the solution for environmental issues should be searched in the change of human behavior and attitude. In this regard the media has a big role to play in making people aware of environment issues and taking actions to protect the environment. media are known as very influential tools for widening and creating awareness, attitude and behavior about environmental issues. Media includig social media apps, websites, TV& radio, print media, etc play an important role in informing and engaging citizens in environmental issues. The great potential of the media in regard to the provision of information, the construction of knowledge and the cultivation of skills and attitudes, has been proved scientifically over the years. One of the important issues about environmental behavior and environmental conservation, is pay attention to environmental Non-governmental organizationseducation and training. Environmental education is a process that allows individuals to explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment. The main components of environmental education are: Awareness, sensitivity, Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, intention, Participation and behavior. NGOs, according to their mission and goals, has appropriate facilities to increase public awareness through education and training of their members and other people and should support these organizations in order to achieving their goals.The main goal of this study is to investigating the role of media on some environmental education components including: knowledge, attitude, intention and environmental behavior of environmental NGOs members. Material and methods: The statistical population consisted of environmental NGOs members in Tehran Province. Sample size determined 148 person by using Krejcie and Morgan table and Sampling was done randomly. The main instrument for collecting data was questionnaire which its reliability Obtained based on Cronbach's alpha α=%89. Results and discussion: The results of structural modeling based on partial least squares method shows a significant and positive relationship between the four components (media, knowledge, attitude and intention) with environmental behavior. The results showed that all four variables (media, environmental knowledge, environmental attitude and environmental intention), have a high mean in the environmental NGOs members in Tehran Province. The independent variable (environmental attitude), has the greatest effect on the mediator variable (environmental intention) and also the greatest impact on the dependent variable (environmental behavior), and then media is the most effective variable. Environmental intention as mediator variable 57.1 percent of the variance of the environmental behavior between environmental NGOs members in Tehran Province. Also 34.3 percent of the variance of the environmental behavior is explained by media, environmental knowledge, environmental attitude and environmental intention between environmental NGOs members in Tehran Province. Conclusion: Environmental attitude has been identified as the most effective variable on environmental intention and environmental behavior in this study and Media has been identified as the second most effective variable on environmental intention and environmental behavior in this study. Media’s role in order to increasing environmental knowledge and attitudes of the population is undeniable. Media should be used more to facilitate the transmission of environmental information and promote more positive environmental attitudes. In recent years internet and social networks are the main sources for environmental information. Since digital media are used widely by young people, new educational material should be created in order to meet the updated needs for information concerning environmental issues. So Different programs should be planned by NGOs in order to sharing environmental information through media especially internet and social networks.
Дослідження можливостей мінімізації кількісного застосування клейових полімерних композицій, при виготовленні півжорстких книжково-журнальних обкладинок, за рахунок дискретного нанесення клею суцільним стрічковим методом із повздовжнім, або поперечним напрямком, а також комірковим шаховим методом, виявили непропорційні відмінності у міцності утворених обкладинок і геометричною площиною заповнюваності клеєм.
Порівняння показників міцності склеєних фрагментів півжорстких обкладинок, отриманих у результаті досліджень, відтворюють відмінності способів склеювання розгорток півжорстких обкладинок, а також залежності показників міцності від площі заповнення поверхонь склеювання і конфігурації нанесеного клею.
При проведенні експериментальних досліджень виявлено, що неоднорідність склеєної просторової конструкції півжорстких обкладинок, утворена дискретним склеюванням, не вплинула на появу зовнішніх дефектів у вигляді пухирів різних розмірів або розшарувань самої обкладинки.
У технологічних розрахунках для визначення площі клею, що наноситься стрічковим або комірковим клейовим валом на обкладинку, з параметрами формату видання, мають застосовуються коефіцієнти переходу, які враховують розміри клейового валу виробничого механізму нанесення клею, а також враховують довжину і ширину клейової ділянки обкладинки.
Отримані результати досліджень дискретних способів склеювання конструктивних деталей розгорток півжорстких книжково-журнальних обкладинок, висічених із одного щільного палітурного матеріалу, створюють додаткові можливості в плануванні економного використання витратних матеріалів, при виготовленні склеєних обкладинок, виходячи із умов забезпечення їх експлуатаційної стійкості.
Проаналізовано історію створення емблематики закладів вищої освіти (ЗВО) деяких країн, системність підходів до їх знакових та геральдичних систем, створення брендованих емблематичних корпоративних конвенціональних засобів візуальної ідентифікації.
Вивчено історію емблематики Київського політехнічного інституту та КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського. Здійснено спроби унормування емблеми КПІ та запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення систем візуальної презентації ЗВО зі світовим ім’ям.
Abstract Background Health literacy refers to people's competencies to access, understand, judge and apply health information in healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion. This study aimed to describe the level of health literacy and the factors associated with it among school teachers in an Education Zone in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional study among 520 teachers measured health literacy using the selfadministered, culturally adapted Sinhalese translation of Health Literacy Survey-European Union (HLS-EU). Health literacy assessment was based on self-reported competencies to access, understand, judge and apply health information in the domains of disease prevention, healthcare and health promotion. Based on a score, respondents were divided into four levels of health literacy as 'inadequate', 'problematic', 'sufficient' and 'excellent' as well as into two levels as 'limited' and 'adequate'. Factors associated with 'limited' health literacy was determined by using univariate analysis and assessing their associations using chi square test. Multivariate analysis was also done using multiple logistic regression to determine factors associated with limited health literacy controlled for confounding effects. A p value of 0.05 determined the significance. Results The response rate was 96.5%. Mean age was 43years (SD = +9.75), 81.7% (n = 410) were females and 66.1% (n = 332) were graduates. Only 3.6% (n = 18) taught the subject health while 18.3% (n = 92) taught science. 'Limited' health literacy was found in 32.5% (95% CI 28.4%–36.6%) while 67.5% (95% CI 63.4%–71.6%), 61.2% (95% CI 56.9%-65.5%) and 6.4% (95% CI 4.3%–8.5%) showed 'adequate', 'sufficient' and 'excellent' levels, respectively. 'Problematic' and 'inadequate' health literacy were 31.5% (95% CI 27.4%-35.6%) and 1% (95% CI 0.1%–1.9%). Univariate analysis showed not being a member of health club/welfare group (p = 0.002), having not done any special course on health (p = 0.009), not getting an opportunity to participate/being exposed to a health awareness program (p = 0.007), visit to a medical practitioner/preventive health staff for six months (p = 0.049), not accessing print media to obtain general information (p = 0.007) and not accessing print media to obtain health information for six months (p = 0.009) and poor health knowledge (p = 0.036) to be factors associated with 'limited' health literacy that are modifiable. Nonmodifiable factors were age being ≤ 45 years (p = 0.025) and service as a teacher being ≤ 10 years (p = 0.012). When multivariate analysis was performed, service as a teacher being ≤ 10 years (p = 0.042), monthly income ≤ Rs.50,000.00 (p = 0.024), not being a member of health club/welfare group (p = 0.034) and visit to a medical practitioner/preventive health staff for six months (p = 0.002), were found to be associated with limited health literacy among school teachers when adjusted to the effect of confounding of the other factors in the model. Conclusions The high proportions of 'limited' health literacy among school teachers in the Colombo Education Zone and the need of interventional programmes should be brought to the attention of the policy makers in the education and health sectors. Improving health literacy among teachers and adoption of the Health Promoting School concept as a evidence based path to improve health literacy should be highlighted in the advocacy efforts. Identified factors associated with 'limited' health literacy should be taken into in the interventional efforts.
Women’s underrepresentation in the scientific community is currently on the agenda of science policy both in Europe and internationally. The significance of media as a provider of female role models, on the one hand, and in reproducing stereotypical images of scientists, on the other hand, is often mentioned in this context. However, there is relative lack of research on how women researchers are depicted in the media, especially outside the US and UK contexts. Finland provides an interesting context to study media representations of women in research, as a relatively gender equal and research intensive setting seen from a global perspective. The media representations of women researchers in Finland were explored by analyzing person interviews in Finnish printed media: newspapers, women’s magazines and magazines aimed for general public. The data consists of 107 interviews of women researchers from all fields of research, published in 1997-2014. Overwhelming majority of the interviews was written by female journalists. The analysis focuses on both social and linguistic aspects of the interviews from a gender perspective. Women researchers were found to be represented by a variation of frames, the most common of which were the Expert and the Top Researcher. Their family context was frequently mentioned, and the interviews frequently commented their appearance (hair, physique, way of moving). The fact that the interviewees’ family context was often highlighted in the interviews may serve to convey a message that it is possible and common to combine a career in research and family. One main result of the study was the diversity of representations of female researchers, compared to the US and UK studies. The diversity of the media images of female researchers suggests that the media may provide important role models for young women, encouraging women to choose research as a profession.
В статті розглянуто питання цілеспрямованого керування якістю вибіркового лакування за допомогою зміни параметрів лакувальних пластин, режимів лакування та типів лаків. Запропоновано нові методики підвищення якості вибіркового лакування та шляхи вирішення проблем, що виникають під час даного процесу. Проаналізовано різні типи декельних матеріалів та зроблено узагальнення, що дозволяють керувати процесом у режимі in-line.
Foroogh Dastoorian, Mohammad Layeghi, Ghanbar Ebrahimi
et al.
An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of elevated temperatures, ranging from room temperature to 80oC, on mechanical characteristics of a commercial bagasse fiber/polypropylene composite. The test results were used to determine the temperature dependencies of the mechanical properties of the studied composite material at temperatures up to 80°C in order to develop temperature adjustment factors for the use in structural applications. The results have shown that as temperature increases, the material become more ductile due to increased plastic deformation gets lower stiffness and fails at higher strains. The resulted adjustment factors were different for each loading mode and the results also have indicated that the influence of elevated temperatures on values of modulus was higher than that on strengths.
Тетяна Миколаївна Несхозієвська, Петро Олексійович Киричок, Антон Вікторович Несхозієвський
Друкарська машина є важливою частиною будь-якого поліграфічного виробництва і потребує значних капіталовкладень. Механізми, які використовуються в даному обладнанні мають бути надзвичайно точними, адже це впливає на якість друкованих відбитків. Агресивне середовище, таке як фарба, концентрати зволоження, паперовий пил, зростаючі навантаження, робота в дві чи три зміни, призводять до швидкого зносу окремих деталей та вузлів друкарського обладнання. В результаті, друкарська машина частіше виходить з ладу та не дозволяє отримати відбитки відмінної якості. Існує велика кількість технічних рішень, які можуть попередити процеси передчасного зношування, проте більшість з них або неможливо застосувати до деталей циліндричної форми, або вони потребують значних капіталовкладень, що не завжди виправдано. В даній статті запропонована новітня технологія відновлення деталей та наведені результати її практичного впровадження.
The word “market” is at the core of the process of modernization in Russia, especially in regard to the economic aspects of modernization. This article analyzes the usage of the word “market” (rynok in Russian) in the metropolitan and provincial press in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia from 1990 to 2010. “Market” has been a keyword — in the dictionary sense of a word, expression, or concept of particular importance or significance — in the Russian press over the past twenty years: this is evident in its frequency and in the range of contexts in which it is used.
In this article, I analyze the relationship of language and society by studying the usage of the word “market” (rynok) in the late Soviet and post-Soviet Russian press since 1990. I examine how the word takes on new meanings, and how its changing usage is related to the changing social and political roles of print media in a modernizing environment. The material studied consists of newspaper and magazine texts collected by a search of the Integrum database. The examples are taken from ten selected publications: the nationally distributed magazines Vokrug sveta, Ogonek, Kommersant-Weekly, and Kommersant Dengi; the nationally distributed newspapers Nezavisimaia gazeta, Rossii-
skaia gazeta, and Vedomosti; and the regional newspapers Delovoi Peterburg, Nizhegor-odskie novosti, and Cheliabinskii rabochii
Eduardo S. Darze, João F.M. Braghiroli, Ricardo V. Almeida
et al.
FUNDAMENTO: O diagnóstico de Embolia Pulmonar (EP) ainda requer longos períodos de trabalho e inúmeros testes. OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo é avaliar os desfechos clínicos após uma investigação negativa usando um protocolo combinado de angio TC de tórax e venografia por TC (CTA/CTV) como único teste de diagnóstico em pacientes não selecionados com suspeita de EP. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo que incluiu pacientes consecutivos com suspeita de EP que foram investigados com um protocolo combinado de CTA/CTV. Os pacientes que apresentaram inicialmente uma investigação negativa e não receberam anticoagulantes foram acompanhados por seis meses para ocorrência de eventos tromboembólicos venosos recorrentes. RESULTADOS: De 425 pacientes com suspeita de EP, 62 (14,6%) tiveram diagnóstico de tromboembolismo venoso no CTA/CTV inicial. A média de idades foi de 56 ± 19 anos, e 61% da população se enquadravam na categoria de baixa probabilidade clínica. A trombose venosa profunda isolada representou 21% de todos os eventos tromboembólicos venosos, e quando se considerou toda a população, a CTV foi associada a um incremento no rendimento diagnóstico de 3,1%. Nosso grupo era composto de 320 pacientes com CTA/CTV inicialmente negativo e que não receberam anticoagulantes. Após seis meses de acompanhamento, apenas três pacientes apresentaram recorrência de eventos tromboembólicos (0,9%, IC 95% -0,1% - 2,0%) e nenhum foi fatal. Não houve mortes relacionadas com a EP. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso estudo sugere que uma estratégia de diagnóstico que utiliza CTA/CTV como único teste de diagnóstico pode descartar EP com segurança, em população com risco baixo a moderado, e está associada a resultados favoráveis, com um valor preditivo negativo de 99,1%. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)<br>BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) still requires long work-up periods and multiple tests. OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess clinical outcomes after a negative investigation using a combined protocol of CT pulmonary angiography and CT venography (CTA/CTV) as a sole diagnostic test in unselected patients with suspected PE. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with suspected PE who were investigated with a combined CTA/CTV protocol. Patients who had an initially negative investigation and were not anticoagulated were followed for 6 months for the occurrence of recurrent venous thromboembolic events. RESULTS: Out of 425 patients with suspected PE, 62 (14.6%) had venous thromboembolism diagnosed on the initial CTA/CTV. The mean age was 56 ± 19 years and 61% of the population fell into the low clinical probability category. Isolated deep vein thrombosis represented 21% of all venous thromboembolic events, and when considering the whole population, CTV was associated with an increment in diagnostic yield of 3.1%. Our cohort was composed of 320 patients with initially negative CTA/CTVs and who were not anticoagulated. After 6 months of follow up, only three patients presented with recurrent thromboembolic events (0.9%; 95% CI -0.1% - 2.0%) and none was fatal. There were no PE-related deaths. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that a diagnostic strategy that utilizes CTA/CTV as a sole diagnostic test can safely rule out PE in a low to moderate risk population and is associated with favorable outcomes with a negative predictive value of 99.1%. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system
The issue of credibility becomes especially pronounced in times of crises, which characteristically abound in the unknown, uncertainty, and doubt. Such crises are mostly sudden, often complex, andsometimes mired in controversial events. The public subsequently craves more information in times of crises, such that they may obtain more precise guidance, and ease their ability to cope. Given the relatively low frequency of crisis situations, most people lack actual experience relevant to a given predicament. The appearance of Virus A (H1N1) at the onset of 2009 is one such case. Despite H1N1’s classification as a broad-scale, serious health hazard, preventive vaccinations failed to reach a large segment of the population. We contend that the lack of credibility in informing the public through the media contributed considerably to this failure. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the level of credible information provided by the print media from which the general public could have taken an informed position on the crisis in question. Quantitative research and content analysis ascertained from a body of print media sources with national coverage reveals that the Croatian print media, contrary to our expectations, largely rely on official sources and transparently cite authors, which contributes to a higher degree of credibility. Yet further analysis of the number of sources suggests that most journalists used on average only one or no named sources, which significantly reduces the credibility of the published articles.