Hasil untuk "Marketing. Distribution of products"

Rafael Arevalo-Ascanio, Annelies De Meyer, Milena Janjevic et al.

The study of traditional supply chains has evolved to incorporate reverse logistics into closed-loop supply chains in the pursuit of sustainability. The recovery of used materials at the consumer level involves first-mile logistics operations for collection and transport to sorting and recycling centres. In the case of post-consumer materials, multiple collection strategies with distinct challenges may be implemented, alongside the critical role of consumer participation, an aspect that has not been sufficiently modelled. This study proposes an assessment of three collection strategies for post-consumer textiles: collection via outdoor containers, door-to-door collection, and collection through local stores. In some of these strategies, consumer mobilisation to drop off textiles is a key component. Through a case study in Antwerp, Belgium, this research evaluates the costs, emissions, and external costs of transport, as well as the effects of consumer behaviour on modal share and drop-off frequency. The results indicate that collection via dedicated containers is the most economically, environmentally, and socially efficient option in total terms. Door-to-door collection is found to be the most costly and polluting strategy due to its transport intensity. In contrast, collection in local stores yields the best indicators per tonne of reusable textiles. This outcome highlights the strong influence of material quality on the overall performance of collection strategies. As a direction for future research, the analysis of consumer willingness to participate is proposed, in order to rebalance the performance assessment of more convenient strategies.

Timothée Hornek, Sergio Potenciano Menci, Ivan Pavić

The increasing penetration of variable renewable energy and flexible demand technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps, introduces significant uncertainty in power systems, resulting in greater imbalance; defined as the deviation between scheduled and actual supply or demand. Short-term power markets, such as the European continuous intraday market, play a critical role in mitigating these imbalances by enabling traders to adjust forecasts close to real time. Due to the high volatility of the continuous intraday market, traders increasingly rely on electricity price forecasting to guide trading decisions and mitigate price risk. However most electricity price forecasting approaches in the literature simplify the forecasting task. They focus on single benchmark prices, neglecting intra-product price dynamics and price signals from the limit order book. They also underuse high-frequency and cross-product price data. In turn, we propose a novel directional electricity price forecasting method for hourly products in the European continuous intraday market. Our method incorporates short-term features from both hourly and quarter-hourly products and is evaluated using German European Power Exchange data from 2024-2025. The results indicate that features derived from the limit order book are the most influential exogenous variables. In addition, features from neighboring products; especially those with delivery start times that overlap with the trading period of the target product; improve forecast accuracy. Finally, our evaluation of the value captured by our electricity price forecasting suggests that the proposed electricity price forecasting method has the potential to generate profit when applied in trading strategies.

Ruotong Cheng, Azadeh Farzan

We study the problem of automated hypersafety verification of infinite-state recursive programs. We propose an infinite class of product programs, specifically designed with recursion in mind, that reduce the hypersafety verification of a recursive program to standard safety verification. For this, we combine insights from language theory and concurrency theory to propose an algorithmic solution for constructing an infinite class of recursive product programs. One key insight is that, using the simple theory of visibly pushdown languages, one can maintain the recursive structure of syntactic program alignments which is vital to constructing a new product program that can be viewed as a classic recursive program -- that is, one that can be executed on a single stack. Another key insight is that techniques from concurrency theory can be generalized to help define product programs based on the view that the parallel composition of individual recursive programs includes all possible alignments from which a sound set of alignments that faithfully preserve the satisfaction of the hypersafety property can be selected. On the practical side, we formulate a family of parametric canonical product constructions that are intuitive to programmers and can be used as building blocks to specify recursive product programs for the purpose of relational and hypersafety verification, with the idea that the right product program can be verified automatically using existing techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques through an implementation and highly promising experimental results.

Ogun Yurdakul, Erik Ela, Farhad Billimoria

Flexible ramping products (FRPs) emerge as a promising instrument for addressing steep and uncertain ramping needs through market mechanisms. Initial implementations of FRPs in North American electricity markets, however, revealed several shortcomings in existing FRP designs. In many instances, FRP prices failed to signal the true value of ramping capacity, most notably evident in zero FRP prices observed in a myriad of periods during which the system was in acute need for rampable capacity. These periods were marked by scheduled but undeliverable FRPs, often calling for operator out-of-market actions. On top of that, the methods used for procuring FRPs have been primarily rule-based, lacking explicit economic underpinnings. In this paper, we put forth an alternative framework for FRP procurement, which seeks to set FRP requirements and schedule FRP awards such that the expected system operation cost is minimized. Using real world data from U.S. ISOs, we showcase the relative merits of the framework in (i) reducing the total system operation cost, (ii) improving price formation, (iii) enhancing the the deliverability of FRP awards, and (iv) reducing the need for out-of-market actions.

Changshuai Wei, Benjamin Zelditch, Joyce Chen et al.

Computational marketing has become increasingly important in today's digital world, facing challenges such as massive heterogeneous data, multi-channel customer journeys, and limited marketing budgets. In this paper, we propose a general framework for marketing AI systems, the Neural Optimization with Adaptive Heuristics (NOAH) framework. NOAH is the first general framework for marketing optimization that considers both to-business (2B) and to-consumer (2C) products, as well as both owned and paid channels. We describe key modules of the NOAH framework, including prediction, optimization, and adaptive heuristics, providing examples for bidding and content optimization. We then detail the successful application of NOAH to LinkedIn's email marketing system, showcasing significant wins over the legacy ranking system. Additionally, we share details and insights that are broadly useful, particularly on: (i) addressing delayed feedback with lifetime value, (ii) performing large-scale linear programming with randomization, (iii) improving retrieval with audience expansion, (iv) reducing signal dilution in targeting tests, and (v) handling zero-inflated heavy-tail metrics in statistical testing.

Kholodnyi Gennadii O.

In the current economic conditions, special importance is given to innovative marketing, which generally contributes to the effective commercialization of innovations, ensures the synchronization of the processes of observation, evaluation, modeling, forecasting, control and coordination of innovative marketing activities. The article is aimed at defining the essence and considering the features of functioning of innovative marketing. The article considers general characteristics, subject environment, modern features and contradictions of innovative marketing. A contentual definition of innovative marketing as a modern concept of marketing, innovation-oriented marketing activity of enterprise (organization) regarding constant and continuous improvement of products and methods, instruments and technologies of marketing, formation of new markets and new needs in order to effectively meet consumer demands and use of own resource potential are proposed. The article presents a detailed structure, content-key and instrumental-functional components of innovative marketing; the article identifies significant problems and contradictions in the processes of distribution and development of innovative marketing (ethical contradictions; contradiction between traditional («old») and new marketing; contradiction between globalization and individuality of innovative marketing programs; between stimulation to increase total consumption of goods and limited natural resources and material capabilities of consumers). The carried out studies and the obtained results will reduce the factor of uncertainty and risk in assessments, hypotheses, innovative marketing solutions and actions.

Mehdi Salimi, Arezoo Taghavy

In the present era, development in professional sports is considered a symbol of a country's power, and undoubtedly, sports marketing guarantees the survival and growth of professional sports. Therefore, this research aimed to provide a comprehensive model of sports marketing development using a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative section, conducted with the Grounded Theory and Glaser's approach, the participants consisted of stakeholders in the research field (university professors, sports marketing researchers, senior managers of federations and prominent sports clubs) in 2021. Fifteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, and the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed through open, selective, and theoretical coding in three stages. Additionally, second-order factor analysis was used to confirm the identified factors in the qualitative section, validating 128 concepts, 24 sub- category, and 9 main categories. The results showed that the phenomenon of sports marketing development is influenced by various factors, which can be categorized into 9 groups: capital structure, transformation management, strategic operational alignment, process efficiency, information dissemination network, marketing doctrine, governance and management structure, resource allocation, and legal and research compliance. Among the practical aspects of this model, we can mention the identification of the target market, analysis of competitors, determination of competitive advantage, raising the level of difference and differentiation of products and services, and determination of marketing channels more accurately and appropriately.

Shirley Wu, Kaidi Cao, Bruno Ribeiro et al.

Graph data are inherently complex and heterogeneous, leading to a high natural diversity of distributional shifts. However, it remains unclear how to build machine learning architectures that generalize to the complex distributional shifts naturally occurring in the real world. Here, we develop GraphMETRO, a Graph Neural Network architecture that models natural diversity and captures complex distributional shifts. GraphMETRO employs a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture with a gating model and multiple expert models, where each expert model targets a specific distributional shift to produce a referential representation w.r.t. a reference model, and the gating model identifies shift components. Additionally, we design a novel objective that aligns the representations from different expert models to ensure reliable optimization. GraphMETRO achieves state-of-the-art results on four datasets from the GOOD benchmark, which is comprised of complex and natural real-world distribution shifts, improving by 67% and 4.2% on the WebKB and Twitch datasets. Code and data are available at https://github.com/Wuyxin/GraphMETRO.

Joav Orovitz, Raz Slutsky, Itamar Vigdorovich

We show that the space of traces of the free group $F_d$ on $2\leq d \leq \infty $ generators is a Poulsen simplex, i.e., every trace is a pointwise limit of extreme traces. This fails for many virtually free groups. The same result holds for free products of the form $C(X_1)*C(X_2)$ where $X_1$ and $X_2$ are compact metrizable spaces without isolated points. Using a similar strategy, we show that the space of traces of the free product of matrix algebras $M_n(\mathbb{C}) * M_n(\mathbb{C})$ is a Poulsen simplex as well, answering a question of Musat and R\ordam for $n \geq 4$. Similar results are shown for certain faces of the simplices above, such as the face of finite-dimensional traces or amenable traces.

Charles Lu, Syed Rakin Ahmed, Praveer Singh et al.

Estimating the test performance of software AI-based medical devices under distribution shifts is crucial for evaluating the safety, efficiency, and usability prior to clinical deployment. Due to the nature of regulated medical device software and the difficulty in acquiring large amounts of labeled medical datasets, we consider the task of predicting the test accuracy of an arbitrary black-box model on an unlabeled target domain without modification to the original training process or any distributional assumptions of the original source data (i.e. we treat the model as a "black-box" and only use the predicted output responses). We propose a "black-box" test estimation technique based on conformal prediction and evaluate it against other methods on three medical imaging datasets (mammography, dermatology, and histopathology) under several clinically relevant types of distribution shift (institution, hardware scanner, atlas, hospital). We hope that by promoting practical and effective estimation techniques for black-box models, manufacturers of medical devices will develop more standardized and realistic evaluation procedures to improve the robustness and trustworthiness of clinical AI tools.

Markus Lohrey, Florian Stober, Armin Weiß

The power word problem for a group $G$ asks whether an expression $u_1^{x_1} \cdots u_n^{x_n}$, where the $u_i$ are words over a finite set of generators of $G$ and the $x_i$ binary encoded integers, is equal to the identity of $G$. It is a restriction of the compressed word problem, where the input word is represented by a straight-line program (i.e., an algebraic circuit over $G$). We start by showing some easy results concerning the power word problem. In particular, the power word problem for a group $G$ is $NC^1$-many-one reducible to the power word problem for a finite-index subgroup of $G$. For our main result, we consider graph products of groups that do not have elements of order two. We show that the power word problem in a fixed such graph product is $AC^0$-Turing-reducible to the word problem for the free group $F_2$ and the power word problems of the base groups. Furthermore, we look into the uniform power word problem in a graph product, where the dependence graph and the base groups are part of the input. Given a class of finitely generated groups $\mathcal{C}$ without order two elements, the uniform power word problem in a graph product can be solved in $\mathsf{AC^0(C_=L^{UPowWP(\mathcal{C})})}$, where $UPowWP(\mathcal{C})$ denotes the uniform power word problem for groups from the class $\mathcal{C}$. As a consequence of our results, the uniform knapsack problem in right-angled Artin groups is NP-complete. The present paper is a combination of the two conference papers. In [StoberW22] and previous iterations of this paper our results on graph products were wrongly stated without the additional assumption that the base groups do not have elements of order two. In the present work we correct this mistake. While we strongly conjecture that the result as stated previously is true, our proof relies on this additional assumption.

M'hamed BENELBAR, Hamza GHERBI, Aissa BEDROUNI

يهدف هذا المقال لدراسة إمكانية نمذجة التقلبات الحادة لعوائد مؤشر كاك CAC 40 ببورصة باريس، الناجمة عن جائحة كورونا كوفيد 19 باستعمال نماذج GARCH، وذلك من خلال 1328 مشاهدة يومية لعوائد المؤشر. توصلت الدراسة من خلال المفاضلة بين عدة نماذج إلى أن نموذج الانحدار الذاتي المشروط بعدم ثبات التباين قد نمذج سلسلة عوائد مؤشر كاك CAC 40 رغم التقلبات الحادة، حيث إن العوائد تتبع نموذج ARMA(1,1) ، بينما تتبع البواقي نموذج .GARCH(1,1) This article aims to study the possibility of modeling the sharp fluctuations in the returns of the CAC40 index on the Paris Stock Exchange, resulting from the Corona Covid-19 pandemic, using GARCH, through 1328 daily observations of the index return. The study concluded, through a comparison between several models, that the AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity may model the series of returns of the CAC 40 index despite the sharp fluctuations, as the returns follow the ARMA (1,1) model, while the rest follow the GARCH (1,1) model.

Sandhya Devi

Financial markets are highly non-linear and non-equilibrium systems. Earlier works have suggested that the behavior of market returns can be well described within the framework of non-extensive Tsallis statistics or superstatistics. For small time scales (delays), a good fit to the distributions of stock returns is obtained with q-Gaussian distributions, which can be derived either from Tsallis statistics or superstatistics. These distributions are symmetric. However, as the time lag increases, the distributions become increasingly non-symmetric. In this work, we address this problem by considering the data distribution as a linear combination of two independent normalized distributions - one for negative returns and one for positive returns. Each of these two independent distributions are half q-Gaussians with different non-extensivity parameter q and temperature parameter beta. Using this model, we investigate the behavior of stock market returns over time scales from 1 to 80 days. The data covers both the .com bubble and the 2008 crash periods. These investigations show that for all the time lags, the fits to the data distributions are better using asymmetric distributions than symmetric q-Gaussian distributions. The behaviors of the q parameter are quite different for positive and negative returns. For positive returns, q approaches a constant value of 1 after a certain lag, indicating the distributions have reached equilibrium. On the other hand, for negative returns, the q values do not reach a stationary value over the time scales studied. In the present model, the markets show a transition from normal to superdiffusive behavior (a possible phase transition) during the 2008 crash period. Such behavior is not observed with a symmetric q-Gaussian distribution model with q independent of time lag.

Małgorzata Zaleska

Celem opracowania jest uwypuklenie roli rezerw walutowych i wskazanie możliwości ich rzetelnego oraz prawidłowego gromadzenia i wykorzystania. Celami szczegółowymi są m.in. porównanie rezerw walutowych z innymi rodzajami rezerw bankowych oraz identyfikacja podstawowych rodzajów ryzyka związanych z zarządzaniem rezerwami walutowymi, w tym zmian w odpowiedzi na ostatni globalny kryzys finansowy, a ponadto określenie istoty i charakteru interwencji walutowych oraz identyfikacja ich rodzajów. W dobie zwiększania wydatków na cele polityczne i społeczne rośnie bowiem pokusa niewłaściwego wykorzystania rezerw walutowych. Do tego dochodzą wysokie globalne ryzyko polityczne oraz duża zmienność na rynkach finansowych, a także nowoczesne kanały (np. media społecznościowe) ataku na kursy walutowe. Czynniki te sprawiają, że zarządzanie rezerwami walutowymi nie należy do łatwych zadań i jest „wiedzą tajemną” banków centralnych.

E. K. Malakhovskaya, Y. P. Ekhlakov, P. V. Senchenko et al.

A methodology is proposed for design of templates of text communication messages that are based on best practices of experts in software marketing, ideas of marketing, communication theory, copywriting, media linguistics, semiotics. Description of the subject area is based on conceptual modeling and production systems. For the purposes of testing, the methodology was used as the basis of a software product. Decision support recommender system for design of communication messages for software marketing.

ELABBADI BOUCHRA

Cet article est l'aboutissement des recherches théoriques et empiriques sur le management des services publics, centrées sur la prise en compte des attentes des usagers/clients et ses conséquences sur le sentiment de satisfaction ou d’insatisfaction. Considérant le caractère hybride des SPIC :« marchands »versus « publics », cet article propose un modèle plausible des déterminants de la qualité perçue prédictifs de la satisfaction. Ledit modèle est construit sous le respect du paradigme méthodologique de Churchill couplé à la procédure de Larcker et Fornell. Du côté conceptuel, cet article est un prolongement et un enrichissement des travaux sur le jugement des consommateurs et les comportements post-achat. Du point de vue managérial, le modèle proposé renseigne les managers des services publics, organisateurs ou opérateurs, sur les dimensions pertinentes à considérer dans la définition des démarches qualité à bon escient.

Mohsen Khorasany, Yateendra Mishra, Gerard Ledwich

This paper proposes a market clearing mechanism for energy trading in a local transactive market, where each player can participate in the market as seller or buyer and tries to maximize its welfare individually. Market players send their demand and supply to a local data center, where clearing price is determined to balance demand and supply. The topology of the grid and associated network constraints are considered to compute a price signal in the data center to keep the system secure by applying this signal to the corresponding players. The proposed approach needs only the demanded/supplied power by each player to reach global optimum which means that utility and cost function parameters would remain private. Also, this approach uses distributed method by applying local market clearing price as coordination information and direct load flow (DLF) for power flow calculation saving computation resources and making it suitable for online and automatic operation for a market with a large number of players. The proposed method is tested on a market with 50 players and simulation results show that the convergence is guaranteed and the proposed distributed method can reach the same result as conventional centralized approach.

Zhengshuo Li, Qinglai Guo, Hongbin Sun et al.

With distributed generation highly integrated into the grid, the transmission-distribution-coupled AC OPF (TDOPF) becomes increasingly important. This paper proposes a response-function-based coordination method to solve the TDOPF. Different from typical decomposition methods, this method employs approximate response functions of the power injections with respect to the bus voltage magnitude in the transmission-distribution (T-D) interface to reflect the "reaction" of the distribution to the transmission system control. By using the response functions, only one or two iterations between the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator(s) (DSO(s)) are required to attain a nearly optimal TDOPF solution. Numerical tests confirm that, relative to a typical decomposition method, the proposed method does not only enjoy a cheaper computational cost but is workable even when the objectives of the TSO and the DSO(s) are in distinct scales.

D. A. A. E. Кунaнбaевa Тaубaлды

Экономикaлық ғылым мен экономикaлық дaму тәжірибесі көрсеткендей, жaңa технологиялaр мен инновaцияның енгізілуі – экономикaның дaмуынқaмтaмaсыз етеді. Көптеген дaмығaн елдердің тәжірибесі көрсеткендей, бүгінде инновaциялық қызмет – әлемдегі көшбaсшы елдердің мемлекеттік экономикaлық сaясaтының бaсты мaңызды бaғыты болып тaбылaды. Ғылыми-техникaлық сaясaт инновaциялық процестерді жaндaндыруғa, жaңa технологиялық құрылымдaрды енгізуге, ұлттық ғылыми-техникaлық әлеуетті жaндaндыруғa, ғылым мен өндіріс aрaсындaғы aлшaқтықты aзaй- туғa, индустриялық қызметті ынтaлaндыруғa, озық шетел технологиясының нaқты трaнсферті мен хaлықaрaлық стaндaрттaрды енгізуді қaмтaмaсыз етеді. Бұл мaқaлaдa Қaзaқстaн Республикaсындaғы инновaциялық қызметтің негізінде технопaрктердің дaмуы олaрдың бүгінгі дaғдaрыс кезеңіндегі aлaтын aйрықшa орны қaрaстырылғaн. Технопaрктер өндіріс пен ғылымды бaрыншa жaқындaстыру жaғдaйындa ғaнa мүмкін болaтын, республикaмыздa құрылғaн ұлттық инновaциялық жүйенің негізін қaлaушы элемент болып тaбылaды. Кaк покaзывaет опыт экономической нaуки и экономического рaзвития, внедрение инновaции и новых технологий-обеспечивaет рaзвитие экономики. Опыт многих рaзвитых стрaн покaзывaет что инновaционaя деятельность сегодня в мире, является вaжным нaпрaвлением госудaрственной экономической политики стрaн-лидеров. Нaучно-техническaя политикa – состaвнaя чaсть социaльно-экономической политики. Основными целями нaучно-технической политики являются рaзвитие инновaционных процессов, рaционaльное рaзмещение и эффективное использовaние структуры новых технологий, увеличение рaзвития нaучно-технического потенциaлa, реaлизaция индустриaльной деятельности, обеспечение эффективности и конкурентоспособности продукции. В дaнной стaтье рaссмaтривaется роль и рaзвитие структур технопaрков в Республике Кaзaхстaн. Технопaрки являются основополaгaющим элементом создaвaемой в республике нaционaльной инновaционной системы. Глaвнaя зaдaчa, которaя стaвится перед технопaркaми – посредством предостaвления в пользовaние инициaторaм инновaционных проектов производственных площaдей и коллективных бизнес-услуг обеспечить блaгоприятные условия для коммерциaлизaции нaучных рaзрaботок.