Hasil untuk "Manufacturing industries"

R Rajesh, R Pugazhenthi

This study introduces ball bearing fault diagnosis method that integrates the power spectrum analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). In this research work a test workbench is indigenously developed with embedded PSoC controller and LabVIEW virtual instrumentation. It employing a high-sensitivity MEMS accelerometer to measure vibrations on bearings testing, it collects the data automatically based on the vibration. The amplitude and power spectrum were generated from the data, which is inputted into a trained ANN classifier in real-time fault diagnosis. It explores the faults in ball bearings through the investigation of good working, and defective bearings that have different types of faults such as inner race defect, outer race defect, and ball defect. The ANN model was trained on 200 bearing samples and tested and it had a 96.5% classification rate, precision. The experimental findings indicates that the combined ANN-based system is much better than the traditional manual inspection by 65% accuracy and power spectrum analysis alone provides 88% accuracy, and diagnostic time is reduced to 5 seconds per bearing instead of 30 seconds. This setup provides a promising solution which is automated predictive maintenance in manufacturing industries.

T. Ibn-Mohammed, N. Bhanot, A.H. Mohammed et al.

Next-generation processing and computing technologies (NGPTs), being new platforms that provide high energy efficiency and process intensification, are touted as key decarbonisation enablers in the ceramic and glass manufacturing sectors, but there are adoption barriers to overcome. Through a critical literature review and thematic analysis of ceramics and glass stakeholders’ interviews and workshop data, twelve consolidated barriers were identified, broadly grouped into economic, organisational, external & regulatory, and operational & technological factors. The Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique was adopted to deepen the understanding of the contextual interactions and interdependencies among the barriers, structuring them into seven hierarchical layers. This ISM output was further complemented with a MICMAC analysis to determine the dependence and driving powers of the barriers. Regulatory ambiguity alongside a lack of digital strategy were established to be the two most influential barriers, with knock-on effects on the remaining ones, in the interplay between NGPTs adoption and digital transformation towards net-zero, in both sectors. The results offer uniquely useful policy insights and practical managerial levers for ceramics and glass stakeholders regarding targeted intervention options prioritisation when designing response strategies for overcoming the barriers.

Seyed Jamaleddin Hosseini, Ali Mohaghar, Ghasem Mokhtari et al.

Determining production lot sizes and the raw material cutting problem are key issues in many manufacturing industries. These two problems play a significant role in raw material management, production planning, and cost control in industries such as metals, paper, furniture, and aluminum. Determining the lot size relates to decisions about the quantity of each product to produce in different periods, while the raw material cutting problem deals with determining cutting patterns with minimal waste and cost. Given the interdependence of these two problems, integrated decision-making concerning them can significantly impact the reduction of overall system costs and the improvement of operational productivity. This research presents an integrated mathematical model that combines these two problems. In addition to the multi-level and multi-period production structure, the model also considers costs imposed on the system, including order delivery delays, overtime, and raw material procurement. The main innovation of this research lies in its problem-solving approach; instead of using exact methods or common metaheuristic algorithms, a method based on deep reinforcement learning is used to enable decision-making within the large and complex problem space. In this approach, the problem is designed so that the learning method can make the best decisions regarding production quantity, inventory levels, and the selection of cutting patterns according to different system states. This method can adapt to various operational conditions and functions in an integrated manner without needing to decompose the problem into separate parts

Abbas َAsadi, safanaz Heidari

<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">This research was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship among supply environment, supply chain integration, and performance considering opportunistic behaviors. This research employed a goal-oriented approach and utilized a descriptive-correlational design for its data collection procedure.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">The required data in this study were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population was all the engineers and managers active in the manufacturing companies located in the industrial town number one of Arak. From among the statistical population of 230 individuals, a sample of 140 participants was obtained using the Cochran sampling method. They were selected through random sampling. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique, employing SmartPLS software for the analysis. The obtained results showed that there is a significant relationship between supply environment, supply chain integration and performance. However, the mediating role of opportunistic behaviors did not demonstrate a significant relationship, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> supply environment, supply chain integration, environmental performance, opportunistic behaviors</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>1.Introduction</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Waste of resources in a supply chain occurs due to the opportunistic tendencies of its members. Curbing the opportunistic tendencies of influential members who take unfair advantage of weaker organizations helps to reduce the resource consumption of weaker parties in the supply chain. Transaction costs also affect the way organizations interact with each other and cause organizations to show opportunistic behavior in order to maximize their profits. Supply chain integration is based on supply chain management concepts and considers the supply chain as an integrated system. It also focuses on sustainable performance and subsequently includes strategic and executive elements. This view of supply chain performance has led to the emergence of a supply chain management research domain called supply chain orientation. Supply chain orientation is based on the view that the organization's supply chain is an independent entity and focuses on achieving results within the supply chain that lead to better performance. So far, the relationship between supply environment, supply chain integration and performance considering opportunistic behaviors has not been considered. Is there a relationship between supply environment, supply chain integration and performance considering opportunistic behaviors or not? Identifying this relationship will provide an opportunity for future research to consider the effect of supply chain orientation on other supply chain functions and external performance outcomes. Based on this and according to the said contents, the main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between supply environment, supply chain integration and performance by considering opportunistic behaviors.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>2.Literature Review</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The findings of Nasri Rad's research (2015) showed a positive significant impact of the company's orientations on the sustainability of the supply chain. Among the dimensions of the company's orientation, two dimensions of environmental orientation and cultural orientation had a positive significant effect on sustainable purchasing and sustainable supply procedures. However, the two dimensions of social orientation and regional orientation did not have a significant effect on sustainable purchasing and sustainable supply practices. The results of the data analysis in the research conducted by Mehrabani and Hassanzadeh Farashband (2014) showed that the direction of the supply chain and the relationship management variable with the main supplier have an effect on the effectiveness of organizational purchasing. The results of the structural equation model in the research conducted by Taghizadeh Yazdi and Zulfi (2014) revealed a positive significant causal relationship between supply chain actions and competitive advantage. Also, the direct and indirect relationship between supply chain actions and sustainability was confirmed. Li and Nam (2016) showed in their research that organizational supply chain orientation has a significant effect on supply chain management and that it is also affected by management supply chain orientation. On the other hand, operational supply chain management is only affected by supply chain orientation information technology. Structural supply chain orientation also moderates the role of strategic supply chain orientation in meeting customer needs. Luzini (2015) demonstrated in his research that supply chain collaboration improves business performance; the market, performance, value and cooperation of the supply chain positively affects the financial performance; and the cooperation capabilities between companies have a positive significant impact on the company's business performance. Also, the cooperation of upstream and downstream members of the chain can support different forms of business. In their study, Esper et al. (2010) showed that the strategy and orientation of the structural supply chain can be effective in realizing the organization's goal of increasing organizational advantages. Finally, Gold et al. (2010), in their study, revealed that the strategic and structural dimensions of supply chain orientation help to improve supply chain cooperation and its combined effect is greater especially in uncertain dynamic environments.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>3.Methodology</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The methodology employed in this research is grounded in applied research principles. The purpose of this research was to test theoretical concepts in real-world situations and address practical problems to improve the processes or products. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the engineers and managers active in the manufacturing companies located in the industrial town of Arak, 140 of whom were selected as the sample of the study through available sampling. The current research has two distinct phases in the data collection and analysis. In the first phase, the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods. In descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and frequency tables are used. Then, inferential statistics are employed to explain the relationships between variables and generalize the results to the society. Cronbach's alpha test is used to determine reliability, and Lisrel software and structural equation model are used to confirm or reject each hypothesis.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>4.Result</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Initially, library studies were used to review the necessary theoretical literature in the field under investigation and then, the information needed for this research was collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the current research was all the engineers and managers active in the manufacturing companies located in the industrial town of Arak. Form among the statistical population of 230 individuals, a sample equal to 140 participants was recruited through random sampling. To analyze the data, partial least squares technique was used, employing SmartPLS software. The obtained results showed that there is a significant relationship between supply environment, supply chain integration and performance. However, the mediating role of opportunistic behaviors was rejected. This hypothesis was composed of some sub-hypotheses.&nbsp; The results obtained for testing each of these sub-hypotheses are as follows: The results obtained from the t-statistic at the rate of 9.193 showed that there is a significant relationship between the supply environment and the integrity of the supply chain; the results obtained from the statistic t at the rate of 8.094 showed that there is a significant relationship between supply chain integration and productivity; the results obtained from the t statistic at the rate of 23.703 revealed that operational profit has a significant relationship with environmental performance; and the results obtained from the t-statistic at the rate of 1.118 rejected the mediating role of opportunistic behaviors within the work environment regarding the influence of supply chain integration on operational productivity.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>5.Discussion</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">In a supply chain, waste of resources arises from the opportunistic tendencies of its members. By curbing the opportunistic tendencies of influential members who exploit unfair advantages over weaker organizations helps to reduce the resource consumption of weaker parties in the supply chain. Therefore, it is suggested that industries, after adopting the appropriate supply chain strategy, in order to examine the correctness of this strategy and achieve the goals corresponding to that strategy, seek integration in the supply chain of their organization and its development. By holding training courses, managers and officials should increase the chain members' knowledge about the factors affecting the supply chain management of the project to enhance operational efficiency. This can be achieved by outlining a series of actions related to social responsibility towards the environment and employees, which may include: increased attention and investment in training employees focusing on skill development and behavioral improvement, determining rewards and welfare facilities appropriate to the performance of employees, career development and the possibility of promotion at all organizational levels, equality and job justice at all organizational levels, involving employees in decision-making, creating a cheerful, clean and safe environment for employees, and improving productivity and accordingly, performance in this environment.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p>

Mwema Fredrick, Wambua Job, Akinlabi Stephen et al.

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing of components is now becoming a very attractive method of producing models and parts in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and clothing industries, among many others. Despite the numerous advantages associated with 3D printing of components, the uptake of this technology is still in the early stages, owing to the limited research and data availability on the process, safety of components, and their integrity. Material extrusion 3D printing process is currently being investigated for manufacturing of metal composites and is one of the interesting subjects in fused deposition modelling. This study investigates the effect of infill pattern (lines, gyroid, cross, and lines) and layer height (0.15 mm, 0.1 mm, and 0.2 mm) on the dimensional deviation and mechanical properties of 3D printed 17-4 PH/PLA composites. The samples were produced through fused deposition modelling and evaluated for dimensional stability and tensile properties. In terms of dimensional accuracy, it is observed that for all samples, the width had the highest accuracy, followed by the height and finally the length. The largest width errors were observed for samples prepared at a layer height of 0.15 mm and gyroid infill patterns. The smallest width errors were observed on samples fabricated at a layer height of 0.2 mm and lines infill pattern. As expected, 3D printing at the lowest layer height of 0.1 mm resulted in the minimum dimensional error of the length of these samples. The lowest mechanical strength was reported at samples fabricated at an infill pattern of lines and layer heights of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm.

Sai Ram Jana, Jeavudeen Shiek, Murugan Ponnusamy

Abstract Achieving a sustainable dielectric medium for Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has now drawn the attention of researchers and industries alike. Increased awareness among the Government and NGOs paved the way for the manufacturing industries to move towards a green environment and sustainability in the production process. To search for sustainable dielectric, 5 different types of oils viz., Jatropha, coconut, groundnut, sunflower, and EDM 4 oil (conventional oil) are experimented in this paper and revealed its suitability of potential replacement for the conventional dielectric. The properties such as viscosity, density, flash point, electrical conductivity, and BDV (Break down Voltage) are tested as per the standards. Since the number of output response is more than, Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) algorithms namely PIV, TOPSIS, and MOORA are used for the ranking and optimization. Entropy weight method is adopted to endow criteria weight to each of the MADM techniques. Jatropha oil has been ascertained to be rank 1 followed by groundnut, coconut, sunflower, and EDM 4 oil. Subsequently, the Gas Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis has revealed the quantitative constituents present in Jatropha as well as remaining oils. Furthermore GC–MS analysis reports that the retention time of Jatropha (43.042 min) is relatively longer than other oils except coconut oil, to release Ricinoleic acids. Groundnut and EDM 4 oils took relatively less retention time to release the alkanes. Machining performance was also conducted with the obtained dielectric and compared with conventional type oil (EDM 4 oil).

Emranul Kabir

Microwave (MW) heating has developed rapidly and it is currently utilized in a variety of industries, especially in the manufacturing of materials. The heating mode of MW offers a good substitute for conventional heating by consuming less time and energy, which reduces the cost and ecological effect of polymer chemistry and processing. Recently, utilization of microwave radiation (MWR) in polymer research has been established as a reliable method to encourage and enhance chemical reactions. The prime benefits of microwave heating comprise a significant decrease in reaction time and a great potential for sustainable chemistry. The use of microwaves as an energy source during the synthesis as well as the transformation of polymers has made some improvements, as stated in this review. Current examples of microwave-assisted polymerization are reviewed in brief, with a particular emphasis on ring opening polymerization, controlled radical polymerization, click chemistry polymerization, organic–inorganic polymer hybrids, polyesters and polyamides, metal catalyzed cross coupling polymerization, polymer nanocomposite materials, biodegradable and bioactive polymer composite, semiconducting polymerization, graphene-based polymer composite materials.

Abdullah Alhamad, Hashed Mabkhot

Innovative technology significantly transforms numerous activities and operations in the logistics sector across various industries, including the aviation sphere. This primary quantitative research aimed to explore the evolution of logistics and supply chain management in the digital age for aviation companies in Saudi Arabia. The research involved conducting a survey among 104 supply chain and technology personnel from Saudi Cargo and its affiliate firms in Saudi Arabia. Partial least squares (PLS–SEM) was used for data analysis to determine the relationships between three independent variables: market intelligence quality (MIQ), manufacturing–marketing coordination (MMC), and supply chain intelligence quality (SCIQ), with product innovation performance (PIP) as the dependent variable. The results indicated that SCIQ and MIQ have a positive and significant statistical relationship with PIP. Nonetheless, the findings disproved that the MMC gives insights into consumer needs directly affecting PIP. From this study, it can be concluded that aviation companies should improve their supply chain systems, marketing domain, and manufacturing marketing coordination to realize the improved performance of their product innovations in the contemporary digital era.

Biniam Tekle Teweldebrhan, Praveen Maghelal, Abdulla Galadari

Purpose – Although additive manufacturing (AM; 3D printing/3DP) is presently in its infancy, once it becomes economically viable for mass production, it would revolutionize the operation and supply chain network of traditional businesses and manufacturing industries. To this end, approaches for ensuring a smooth transition of the economy, businesses, manufacturing centers and related services are being investigated. This review paper assesses the existing literature on the impact of AM on the maritime transportation sector. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a systematic literature review through three methodological phases: (1) a comprehensive review of the number of English language literature studies published on the topics of AM or 3DP (1970–2021); (2) a bibliometric analysis of selected keyword combinations and (3) a detailed review on the impact of AM on different sectors. Findings – The key findings are that existing studies do not attempt to forecast shipping volume and ton-miles that can be affected by the mainstreaming of the technology. Additionally, existing literature that focuses on the impact of the technology on different shipping categories is limited to studies on container ships. Originality/value – The review identifies some potential areas of research that since maritime transportation will be affected by mainstreaming AM, it will have economic, social and environmental impacts on global trade that require future assessment.

Constantinos IKONOMOU

This paper contributes to the literature of ec onomic geography by provi ding a first empirical confirmation of Krugman’s initial new economic geography model, in the Greek economy. A sample of Greek SMEs, drawn from four selected regions having different levels of centrality and five major industries in the 1995 – 2002 period, is found to be representative of the Greek business population, by the use of non-parametric tests. A cross-sectional model associates logarithmic SME employment growth with prox ies used for capital, labour, land, industrial infrastructure, policy support, firm size, manufacturing and distance from Athens. The significance of the last three factors captures the operation of a microeconomic core-periphery model, as suggested by Krugm an (1991) and agrees with a discussion on core-periphery imbalances in Greece. The latter however have not yet been diagnosed in literature by the use of models. Policy implications concerning Eu rope 2020 strategy relate to the need for manufacturing growth in peripheries, its interregional and inter-industrial diffusion.

Fujen Wang, Indra Permana, Kwowhei Lee et al.

The biotech cleanroom industry presents a biological basis for living organisms or their components (bacteria or enzymes) to produce helpful medicine. However, biotech industries such as vaccine production need a clean critical environment and contamination control that is always a vital concern for the manufacturing process. This study investigates a biotech cleanroom through a comprehensive field measurement and numerical simulation. The field measurement test results conformed to the design specification to satisfactorily meet with the cleanroom standard of PIC/S and EU GMP. Furthermore, the field measurement data were used as a basic validation and boundary condition for numerical simulation. The numerical simulation results revealed that the concentration distribution in case 1 as a baseline case showed satisfactory results, with a removal efficiency of 75.2% and ventilation efficiency of 80%. However, there was still a high concentration accumulated in certain areas. The improvement strategy was analyzed through non-unidirectional flow ventilation with different face velocities and by adding one return air grille for case 2 and two return air grilles for case 3. The results revealed that case 2 presented the best results in this study, with a removal efficiency of 86.7% and ventilation efficiency of 82% when supplying air velocity at 0.2 m/s. In addition, increasing the supply air velocity to 0.3 m/s could enhance removal ventilation by around 19% and ventilation efficiency by around 5%.

Slastanova Nikola, Hlodak Marek, Palus Hubert

Research background: The global environment influences the behaviour of companies. This concerns the requirements for increasing number of products, product lines, brands, the need for market segmentation, consumer demand, innovations as well as the behaviour of consumers and suppliers including environmentally appropriate purchasing. The forest-based industries must respond to changes from the perspective of the globalization process by appropriate adaptation and, inter alia, to focus on the introduction of environmentally properly procurement. The integration of green purchasing principles into business systems is increasingly mentioned in the process of globalization of economies in connection with the huge potential for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the implementation of environmentally friendly purchasing in the companies of forest-based sector in Slovakia. Methods: The reasons for implementing responsible practices in supply chains are based either on the stakeholder theory or the assumption that companies have a more proactive approach to implement sustainable purchasing practices as they are aware of the possible benefits. Using a questionnaire survey the companies operating in all sub-sectors of the forest-based industry - wood, pulp and paper and furniture manufacturing, including their suppliers of wood raw material in Slovakia, were questioned with the aim to identify the reasons for implementing sustainable purchasing practices. Findings & Value added: Data obtained are used to identify the factors that are crucial for the introduction of green purchasing in companies in dependence on the specific company characteristics and conditions of the market environment under which companies operate.

Amit Kumar Bedaka, Shao-Chun Lee, Alaa M. Mahmoud et al.

Visual inspection is an important task in manufacturing industries in order to evaluate the completeness and quality of manufactured products. An autonomous robot-guided inspection system was recently developed based on an offline programming (OLP) and RGB-D model system. This system allows a non-expert automatic optical inspection (AOI) engineer to easily perform inspections using scanned data. However, if there is a positioning error due to displacement or rotation of the object, this system cannot be used on a production line. In this study, we developed an automated position correction module to locate an object’s position and correct the robot’s pose and position based on the detected error values in terms of displacement or rotation. The proposed module comprised an automatic hand–eye calibration and the PnP algorithm. The automatic hand–eye calibration was performed using a calibration board to reduce manual error. After calibration, the PnP algorithm calculates the object position error using artificial marker images and compensates for the error to a new object on the production line. The position correction module then automatically maps the defined AOI target positions onto a new object, unless the target position changes. We performed experiments that showed that the robot-guided inspection system with the position correction module effectively performed the desired task. This smart innovative system provides a novel advancement by automating the AOI process on a production line to increase productivity.

Madhuri Sahasrabudhe

Azo dyes have been extensively used in textile, pharmaceutical, paper, paint industries. The industries manufacturing dyes generate a large volume of water. Wastewater containing dyes in most of the cases is discharged into water bodies without any treatment or impartial treatment. This hampers not only flora and fauna of the aquatic ecosystem but showed adverse effects on human beings. Existing physical and chemical methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Biodegradation of dyes finds an eco- friendly process. In the present study, Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM 2168 was used for decolourization of the dye Direct Red 81. The isolate decolourized 98.54% of the dye at pH 6 and 28°C in 9 hours. Degradation of the dye was confirmed by the change in λmax of the decolorized sample. Confirmation of the degradation was done by HPLC and GCMS studies. Degradation was brought about by Oxidoreductases. Toxicity studies revealed nontoxic nature of the product. The culture was found to decolourise mixture of five dyes. Hence, the selected bacterial culture can be successfully used for the treatment of dye containing wastewater

Qiang Li, Guodong Zhan, Dong Li et al.

Abstract Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material found on earth but single crystal diamond is brittle due to the nature of catastrophic cleavage fracture. Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) materials are made by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) technology. PDC materials have been widely used in several industries. Wear resistance is a key material property that has long been pursued for its valuable industrial applications. However, the inevitable use of catalysts introduced by the conventional manufacturing process significantly reduces their end-use performance and limits many of their potential applications. In this work, an ultra-strong catalyst-free polycrystalline diamond compact material has been successfully synthesized through innovative ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature (UHPHT) technology. These results set up new industry records for wear resistance and thermal stability for PDC cutters utilized for drilling in the oil and gas industry. The new material also broke all single-crystal diamond indenters, suggesting that the new material is too hard to be measured by the current standard single-crystal diamond indentation method. This represents a major breakthrough in hard materials that can expand many potential scientific research and industrial applications.

E. Shapoval, I. Nesterovа

This article explores the question of sectoral planning costs during the preparation of medical equipment and machinery. Currently, the scope of the production of medical equipment, as one of the fastest growing economy in the Russian manufacturing industries, has its own characteristics. All production plants manufacturing process is preceded by a preparatory stage. We need to study the expected cost-effectiveness of production of new products, study the effectiveness of innovation and investment.

Aboubacar Badamassi, Deyi Xu, Boubacar Hamidou Leyla

Residential combustion of fuels, especially solid, for cooking, heating and other activities generates high level emissions that considerably contribute to indoor and outdoor air pollutants concentrations, which adversely affect human health and are likely to influence heath expenditures. We used the system General Method of Moments (GMM) technique to examine the role of residential combustion (proxied by: particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions) in determining health expenditures while controlling for ambient air pollutants emissions from the other categories such as transportation, manufacturing industries and construction, and others. We employed data covering the period 1995–2010 in 44 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Health expenditures are categorized into per capita, public and private out-of-pocket; and we run three separate regressions according to the categories. The findings indicate that residential sector combustion was significantly associated with higher health expenditures, especially the out-of-pocket compared with other categories. Moreover, PM2.5 is found to have the highest impact on health expenditures. The implementation of effective public health and environmental health policies that encourage the access and use of cleaner fuels or improved cook stoves in SSA would be associated with not only a reduction in healthcare expenditures but also with other health and socio-economic benefits.

Shofique Ahmed, Rajesh Arora

Turning is the utmost elementary process among several CNC machine tool operations which is a versatile, efficient and widely used in industries including mechanical, aerospace and automotive sectors. Most frequently the manufacturing industries face the problem of cutting down the production cost without any oblation in the quality of products. Selection of process parameter is essential for assuring a quality product. Convenient choice of the cutting conditions, parameters and tools for the maximum Material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish needs a sophisticated approach adopting mathematical and statistical models as well as experimental method. Taguchi’s method is a very compelling tool to optimize the process variables. The intention of the present study is to determine surface roughness (Ra) and MRR which are key responses to justify the quality of turning operation. Four process parameters have been selected viz. Nose radius (NR), depth of cut (DOC), feed rate (FR) and spindle speed or cutting speed (CS) that influences these responses. During machining operations, the influence of the process parameters and their interaction have been analyzed using a statistical tool ANOVA. Aluminum alloy is widely acceptable by industries owing to its good strength to weight ratio, high resistance to corrosion, malleability and excellent resistance during elevated temperatures.

Jegatheswaran Ratnasingam, Geetha Ramasamy, Florin Ioras et al.

Furniture manufacturing in Malaysia is an established industry driven primarily by the availability of raw materials and labor. However, the industry suffers from the low-recovery rate of its materials, as it produces a substantial amount of waste during the manufacturing process. Although smaller waste fragments, or off-cuts, are recovered for other purposes, the splinters, shavings, and coarse dust have little economic value and are often discarded. Because wood is a well-established source of bioenergy, this study investigated the potential use of mill waste from the furniture-manufacturing industry for electrical energy generation. Waste from the rubberwood, bamboo, and rattan furniture industries was evaluated for its potential electrical energy generation, and the amount was compared with the electrical energy that was consumed by the furniture industry. The study also compared the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of these waste materials against fossil fuels used to generate electricity to assess its potential in terms of the environmental benefits. In conclusion, such mill waste could be utilized as substitute for fossil fuel to generate energy in the furniture industry.

Anda GHEORGHIU, Anca GHEORGHIU, Oana Camelia IACOB et al.

Agriculture today is a strategic point of a country's economy, providing food based on population, development of internal and external trade and manufacturing industries by supplying raw materials. For Romania, this branch is a strong point both in terms climatic (temperate, balanced relief, soil quality) and at the same time is also a way of national development and convergence of rural areas to their full potential untapped. With strong reforms, well implemented, a specific legislative framework which aims to protecting private property, Romania could reduce the low efficiency and can have a sustainable agriculture. The paper aimed to present the advantages of consuming organic products, and, on the other hand, the advantages of a country in terms of organic farming. European agriculture is a competitive, market-oriented, but also protecting the environment model.