Hasil untuk "Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania"

Soumia Bentahar

This article argues that So Long a Letter (1979) constructs African female subjectivity as a dialogical self forged through the confessional epistle’s denouncement of colonial and patriarchal forces that have long sought to bend African women’s heads to external and internal orderings of their society. It contends that Bâ carves temporal and narrative spaces for African women by casting a subversive gaze on the interlocking systems of oppression that repress their sense of agency. Through the enabling potential of epistolary writing, the Senegalese writer fashions her heroine into a subjectivity that is neither given nor fixed, but constructed in the shifting positions of friend, wife, mother, widow, and at times Bâ’s own mouthpiece, and through a continuing dialogue with past memories, present dilemmas, and alternative temporalities beyond dominant chrononorms. Drawing on Bakhtinian dialogism, Anzaldúa’s mestiza consciousness, Freeman’s chrononormativity, and Barrett’s affective continuum, this analysis therefore seeks to offer a transdisciplinary investigation into the ways how the novel reimagines African female subjectivity as a dialogic process of becoming emanating from the interstices of epistolary voice, affective temporalities, and the repudiation of colonial and patriarchal chrononormative imperatives. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the novel becomes a canvas onto which Bâ inscribes alternative modes of self-articulation, collective agency, and female futurity for African women.  

Syahmi Syahmi Zulkifle, Zarima Mohd Zakaria

Application WhatsApp is one of the most popular communication tools nowadays. The use of WhatsApp is widely used in the field of education and human daily life. In addition, through previous studies, explained the difficulty of writing Arabic such as arranging sentences, appropriate terms and the correct method according to the correct Arabic grammar in the aspect of writing instead of in WhatsApp. To find out the level of students' writing, WhatsApp is used especially when it comes to writing. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the level of WhatsApp usage in Arabic writing skills among Arabic language students at IPTA. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach in the form of a questionnaire involving 126 students. Each response in the survey was analyzed using SPSS software. Each finding shows the level of WhatsApp application usage in social activities in daily life and the level of WhatsApp usage in learning at public universities. The results indicate a high usage level WhatsApp application usage in social activities in daily life and the level of WhatsApp students usage in learning at public universities with a min value of 4.00 above for most each aspect. The student need to optimize their use of WhatsApp in their learning activities so that their writing skills become more proficient and accurate in exploring the level of WhatsApp usage in Arabic writing especially by using it in daily activities and Stages of WhatsApp activities in learning at IPTA.

abdolvahid navidi

Introduction: Language, as one of the most important means of communicating and transmitting thoughts and feelings, has always been the focus of scientists and linguists. As a result of this effort, a science called linguistics emerged, whose most important task is the scientific investigation and study of language. Linguistics helps us to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between language and culture and the identity of people. The close connection of language with the individual and social needs of human beings and the importance of examining its various geniuses has led to the formation and emergence of various branches in the field of linguistics, one of which is text linguistics. This new branch, which is one of the relatively new fields of linguistics and has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades, examines the coherence and coherence of the text and tries to evaluate the contribution of each of Identify the text's cohesive elements separately and examine, analyze and evaluate the elements in the text by presenting a coherent and regular pattern and an objective and accurate description. Therefore, textual coherence examines and analyzes the constituent elements of the text at two grammatical and lexical levels.Methodology: Using the descriptive and analytical method, the following example applies the theory of textual coherence to one of Ibrahim Naji's odes called "Khwater al-Ghrub" and in this way evaluates the degree of coherence of the text in two grammatical and lexical areas. analyzeResults and Discussion: Considering the importance of the theory of textual coherence in the review and analysis of texts on the one hand, and the value of examining the poems of contemporary poets on the other hand, the author wants to find out how the textual coherence, both grammatical and lexical, in the poem "Khwatar al-Ghrub" by Ibrahim Examine and evaluate Naji and come up with appropriate answers to the following questions.1- What are the most important factors of textual coherence, both grammatical and lexical, in the poem in question?2- How can the high frequency of an element be effective in the coherence of the text of the poem?In order to answer the above questions, the author has examined grammatical coherence in three fields of reference and its different types (pronominal reference, demonstrative reference and relational reference).In the field of lexical coherence, he has also investigated the phenomenon of repetition and its different types, and the combination of verses and its types in the ode and finally reached the following results:Conclusion: By examining and analyzing the elements of textual coherence in the text of the ode, it was found that the element of pronoun reference played the most impact in the coherence of the text of the poem and the poet used them as a vehicle to show his creativity and highlight his language. Among the references used in the poem, the two references "the poet and the sea" have a significant frequency, which is manifested in the three pronouns "ana - ant - nahn". The high frequency of these three pronouns in the poet's poetic speech is noteworthy. The referent of the pronoun Ena, the poet, and the pronoun you, is the sea. In the pronoun Nahn, the poet is present in all cases and the sea is present in three cases, and due to the dispersion of these three pronouns in the poem, the poetic discourse has a high level of cohesion and continuity. Among the referential elements, the two elements of referential and relational reference are the most important in making the poem coherent. The factor of omission in the poetic discourse of the poet has a high frequency. This factor has been used in two types, nominal and present, and no exclusion has been used. In most cases, this factor is associated with the conjunctions and by avoiding boring repetitions, it has caused the continuity and continuity of the text. The effect of substitution element in the coherence of the poetic text is zero. In the field of lexical cohesion, words are used in the ode that are related to each other in terms of form, meaning, and subject and evoke each other. This has been realized in direct repetition (5 cases), partial repetition (8 cases), quasi-synonyms (8 cases) and connection with a certain topic, and has finally led to the coherence and consistency of the poem. In some cases, by using the element of contrast (9 cases) and using it in different places of the poem, the poet has put a part of the burden of the text on it.

Tim Burger

Rusmiati Rusmiati

Menulis teks eksposisi belum memperoleh nilai yang maksimal sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal sekolah. Sehingga diperlukan suatu metode untuk memudahkan siswa yaitu dengan mind mapping. Memperoleh hasil peningkatan kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi melalui mind mapping merupakan tujuan dari penelitian. MAN 1 Aceh Timur menjadi tempat penelitian. Sebanyak 18 siswa kelas X MIA 1 pada tahun ajaran 2021/2022 menjadi subjek dalam penelitian. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) merupakan desain penelitian melalui empat langkah penelitian yaitu perencanaan (plan), Tindakan (action), pengamatan (observasi) dan refleksi melalui dua siklus. Tes dan observasi menjadi instrument dalam penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan menghitung nilai rata-rata kelas menggunakan persentase ketuntasan secara klasikal. Siswa yang mendapatkan nilai KKM ≥75 dinyatakan tuntas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi melalului mind mapping di MAN 1 Aceh Timur pada siklus I sebesar 55,55%% atau 10 siswa dengan kategori kurang. Sedangkan setelah diberikan siklus II menunjukkan hasil sebesar 100% atau 18 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan  kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks eksposisi melalui mind mapping dapat meningkat.

I. L. Timonina

The article is dedicated to the development of the creative sector of Japan’s economy. The author analyzes specific features and key areas of the sector’s growth, as well as mechanisms of government support for creative industries in furtherance of the Cool Japan strategy and the goal of boosting the domestic demand, expanding the country’s capacity for exports, and creation of jobs. The article also analyzes main approaches of international organizations and experts to the creative economy’s phenomenon in the contemporary world, including terms, definitions, and classification of industries.

E. M. Osmanov

The article discusses training manuals for military personnel which were the basis of the ideological education of soldiers and officers in the Imperial Japanese Army. These manuals, being an important instrument of ideological education, played an important part in the life of Japanese society in the Meiji period. Their authors took into account all possible aspects of the military service, seeking to give answers and explanations to all questions of spiritual, legal, and practical character. Those manuals regulated every movement of the soldiers, shaping their consciousness and way of thinking.

Azille Coetzee

Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt

Wakefield John C.

Adopting the cartographic approach, this paper proposes syntactic positions for all left-periphery particles above the tense phrase (TP) in Cantonese. These include both sentence-final particles and sentence-initial particles that can be used in isolation as interjections. Based on previous syntactic proposals for the left periphery, a modification of Rizzi’s (2001) split-complementizer phrase (Split-CP) structure is proposed. A Deictic Phrase (DeicP) is added above the finite phrase (FinP) for the Cantonese “tense” particles laa3 and lei4(ge3). Then, based on a number of proposals inspired by Speas and Tenny (2003), two functional phrases are added above the force phrase (ForceP) – a higher affect phrase (AffectP) for Cantonese sentence-initial particles and a lower discourse phrase (DiscourseP) for most of the sentence-final particles. The resulting structure is tentatively proposed to account for the word order of all left-periphery particles in Cantonese, bringing the description of their syntax closer in line with a number of proposals based on left-periphery particles in other languages. This proposal includes a three-way distinction of the functions and meanings of left-periphery particles: 1) particles that lie between ForceP and TP do not refer directly to the discourse context; 2) particles that head DiscourseP do refer directly to the discourse; and 3) particles that head AffectP refer to the discourse and express human emotions.

Lida Krüger

No abstract available.

Owen Edwards

This paper examines the historical phonology of the Rote-Meto languages through a top-down perspective. It describes the sound changes which have taken place between Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and the present-day languages. This reveals a number of shared innovations between Meto and the languages of west Rote, as well as changes shared by the other languages of Rote. Thus, a West Rote-Meto subgroup is identified, as well as a Nuclear Rote subgroup. Within Austronesian, there are phonological innovations shared between Rote-Meto and a number of languages of Timor and surrounding islands. This provides evidence for a Timor-Wetar-Babar subgroup, though this group does not include all languages of Timor.

Sudarsan Padmanabhan

In recent debates on the theoretical framework of social sciences, Indian political scientist Gopal Guru mounted a critique that Indian social science is not representative and egalitarian. In the same breath, Gopal Guru sought to rationalise this lacuna. Guru claimed that the works of Dalit scholars and thinkers are more performance-oriented and less theoretical. This paper would raise several issues with reference to Gopal Guru’s claims: Does theory belong to an elite category? Does the lack of representation of Dalit scholarship present a theoretical conundrum for Indian social sciences? Is Gopal Guru falling into the trap of hierarchical complementarity between theory and performance/praxis? And, is there an intractable dilemma among the Dalit scholars between the politics of representation and the politics of ideas? This paper demonstrates that Guru’s insistence on the moral, existential and social necessity of the Dalit theory is valid. But he is wrong in what he denies.

Ntongela Masilela

Westbury, Josh

The Left Dislocation construction is a typologically universal phenomenon that has received detailed analysis, from both formal and functional perspectives, in a number of genetically and areally diverse languages. The present paper aims to provide a general overview of this cross-linguistic research with a concentration on: 1) the comparison of syntactico-semantic features of LD across languages, 2) the generalized cross-linguistic patterns and categories attested for LD, and 3) the explanations offered for LD in terms of its motivation and function in discourse. Accordingly, the paper will proceed in two parts. The first part will entail a brief survey of the syntactic and semantic attributes that have established LD as a typological category. In light of these attributes, linguists generally distinguish between two broad types of LD on the basis of particular syntactic patterns and constraints. Thus, a general description of these types is provided, along with a brief description of several less prototypical LD types. The second part of the paper will focus on the explanation of LD both in terms of the cognitive and contextual constraints that motivate its use in discourse, as well as the communicative goals and pragmatic effects achieved by the construction in particular contexts.

Robert J. Balfour

This article focuses on the representation of faith as conveyed by Naipaul in the course of four travelogues. Drawing on historical scholarship pertaining to Islamic societies in transition, and comparing this to a selection of the literary critical reception that Naipaul’s writing about Islam has evoked, I argue for a revision of literary readings of Naipaul’s travelogues. My premise is that the author’s subject positioning influences both a self-critical as well as more compassionate perspective on the relationship between faith and political transition in developing societies.

Elaine Ridge

Maria V. Stanyukovich

John Miles Foley

Lotte Tarkka