Gadis Suci Lestari, Herlina Fitrihidajati, Adi Candra
et al.
Catfish farming still faces the problem of high feed costs, so economical and sustainable alternative feeds are needed. Lemna minor has the potential to be used as an alternative feed due to its high nutritional content, but its growth productivity is relatively low without added nutrients. The use of eco-enzymes made from household organic waste as organic liquid fertilizer is a solution to increase the productivity of Lemna minor while supporting sustainable waste management. This study aims to describe the content of eco-enzymes from organic waste, describe the effect and determine the most effective concentration of eco-enzymes in increasing the cover area (LCA) and biomass of Lemna minor, as well as assess its impact as an alternative feed supporting SDG 2. The research was conducted from September to November 2025 at Kampoeng Pintar Oase and consisted of two stages, namely observation of the eco-enzyme production process and experimentation with its implementation in Lemna minor cultivation. The parameters observed included the macro nutrient content of eco-enzymes, cover area (LCA), Lemna minor biomass, and cultivation media quality. Nutrient content analysis was conducted at the Surabaya Laboratory of the Agency for Standardization and Industrial Services (BSPJI) based on the 2011 standard for liquid organic fertilizer quality. The data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively, followed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test at a 5% level. The results showed that eco-enzyme met the standards for liquid organic fertilizer and had a significant effect on the growth of Lemna minor. A concentration of 20 ml of eco-enzyme produced the highest LCA and biomass values, while a concentration of 60 ml showed the lowest growth. These findings indicate that eco-enzyme at the optimal concentration effectively increases Lemna minor production and supports sustainable food security in line with SDG 2.
Jordan Aiko Deja, Isidro Butaslac, Nicko Reginio Caluya
et al.
Robots are moving beyond industrial settings into creative, educational, and public environments where interaction is open-ended and improvisational. Yet much of human-AI-robot interaction remains framed around performance and efficiency, positioning humans as supervisors rather than collaborators. We propose a re-framing of AI interaction with robots as scaffolding: infrastructure that enables humans to shape robotic behaviour over time while remaining meaningfully in control. Through scenarios from creative practice, learning-by-teaching, and embodied interaction, we illustrate how humans can act as executive directors, defining intent and steering revisions, while AI mediates between human expression and robotic execution. We outline design and evaluation implications that foreground creativity, agency, and flow. Finally, we discuss open challenges in social, scalable, and mission-critical contexts. We invite the community to rethink interacting with Robots and AI not as autonomy, but as sustained support for human creativity.
Interfaces for human oversight must effectively support users' situation awareness under time-critical conditions. We explore reinforcement learning (RL)-based UI adaptation to personalize alerting strategies that balance the benefits of highlighting critical events against the cognitive costs of interruptions. To enable learning without real-world deployment, we integrate models of users' gaze behavior to simulate attentional dynamics during monitoring. Using a delivery-drone oversight scenario, we present initial results suggesting that RL-based highlighting can outperform static, rule-based approaches and discuss challenges of intelligent oversight support.
Shuo Niu, Dylan Clements, Marina Margalit Nemanov
et al.
GenAI's ability to produce text and images is increasingly incorporated into human-AI co-creation tasks such as storytelling and video editing. However, integrating GenAI into these tasks requires enabling users to retain control over editing individual story elements while ensuring that generated visuals remain coherent with the storyline and consistent across multiple AI-generated outputs. This work examines a paradigm of creative decomposition and linking, which allows creators to clearly communicate creative intent by prompting GenAI to tailor specific story elements, such as storylines, personas, locations, and scenes, while maintaining coherence among them. We implement and evaluate StoryComposerAI, a system that exemplifies this paradigm for enhancing users' sense of control and content consistency in human-AI co-creation of digital stories.
Der Beitrag untersucht anhand eines prozessorientierten Verständnisses von Segregation die Entwicklungspfade junger migrantisierter Bewohner aus Berlin-Kreuzberg. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht es, soziale und räumliche Dimensionen getrennt voneinander zu analysieren. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf Aspekten segregierter sozialer Nutzungen der Stadt und Erfahrungen mit urbanen Institutionen – aus der Perspektive der Heranwachsenden. Die longitudinale empirische Analyse basiert auf qualitativen Daten aus zwei zusammenhängenden Forschungsprojekten (2017/2018 und 2023/2024) mit Erst- und Folgeinterviews in einem Zeitraum von fünf bis sechs Jahren. Anhand von Vignetten stellt der Beitrag die teilweise kontrastreichen Entwicklungspfade ausgewählter junger Männer sowie deren Überschneidungen dar. Diese verweisen trotz tendenziell gesteigerter räumlicher Alltagsradien auf Muster einer dauerhaften sozialen Segregation.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Paula Akemi Aoyagui, Kelsey Stemmler, Sharon Ferguson
et al.
In subjective decision-making, where decisions are based on contextual interpretation, Large Language Models (LLMs) can be integrated to present users with additional rationales to consider. The diversity of these rationales is mediated by the ability to consider the perspectives of different social actors. However, it remains unclear whether and how models differ in the distribution of perspectives they provide. We compare the perspectives taken by humans and different LLMs when assessing subtle sexism scenarios. We show that these perspectives can be classified within a finite set (perpetrator, victim, decision-maker), consistently present in argumentations produced by humans and LLMs, but in different distributions and combinations, demonstrating differences and similarities with human responses, and between models. We argue for the need to systematically evaluate LLMs' perspective-taking to identify the most suitable models for a given decision-making task. We discuss the implications for model evaluation.
Vasanth Reddy Baddam, Behdad Chalaki, Vaishnav Tadiparthi
et al.
In social robot navigation, traditional metrics like proxemics and behavior naturalness emphasize human comfort and adherence to social norms but often fail to capture an agent's autonomy and adaptability in dynamic environments. This paper introduces human empowerment, an information-theoretic concept that measures a human's ability to influence their future states and observe those changes, as a complementary metric for evaluating social compliance. This metric reveals how robot navigation policies can indirectly impact human empowerment. We present a framework that integrates human empowerment into the evaluation of social performance in navigation tasks. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that human empowerment as a metric not only aligns with intuitive social behavior, but also shows statistically significant differences across various robot navigation policies. These results provide a deeper understanding of how different policies affect social compliance, highlighting the potential of human empowerment as a complementary metric for future research in social navigation.
Humans and robots are increasingly working in personal and professional settings. In workplace settings, humans and robots may work together as colleagues, potentially leading to social expectations, or violation thereof. Extant research has primarily sought to understand social interactions and expectations in personal rather than professional settings, and none of these studies have examined negative outcomes arising from violations of social expectations. This paper reports the results of a 2x3 online experiment that used a unique first-person perspective video to immerse participants in a collaborative workplace setting. The results are nuanced and reveal that while robots are expected to act in accordance with social expectations despite human behavior, there are benefits for robots perceived as being the bigger person in the face of human rudeness. Theoretical and practical implications are provided which discuss the import of these findings for the design of social robots.
Francis Régis Gonçalves Mendes Barbosa, Madalena Maria Schlindwein, Marcelo Corrêa da Silva
Amartya Sen's theory of Development as Freedom states the prediction of development by evaluating the expansion of individual freedoms. This study operationalizes this theory and its instrumental freedoms through the construction of a development index and multivariate statistics. Spatiality of municipal development provides empirical evidence for interrelations between instrumental freedoms defended by this theory. The determinants of development related mainly to income and its distribution, but also housing conditions and social vulnerabilities. The findings unmask the geographic structure of (under) development in a frontier in Mid-West Brazil, marked by higher deprivation of opportunities, precarious services and greater economic stagnation.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Quebin Bosbely Casiá-Ajché, Natalia Escobedo-Kenefic, Denisse Escobar-González
et al.
Land use, local management, and seasonal variation significantly impact the ecological dynamics of bee–plant communities and their ecological interactions. These variables negatively affect diversity and ecological interaction networks within human-dominated landscapes. Additionally, seasonal variables such as temperature, rainfall, and resource availability across different seasons play essential roles in shaping bee communities and their interactions with flowering plants. However, little is known about how diversity and ecological interaction networks of non-crop plants in agricultural landscapes respond to intra-seasonal variations, specifically within the rainy season. In this study, we assessed how land use types, coffee crop management, and intra-seasonal variation within the rainy season influenced the composition and diversity of bee and plant communities, and their interaction networks in semi-natural habitats surrounding coffee plantations. We recorded the diversity of bees and plants and analysed their interactions networks metrics, such as specialisation, nestedness, modularity, connectance and bee/plant generality, in 8 pairs of sites. Our findings indicate that human settlements negatively influence bee generality, suggesting that human-dominated land and the introduction of exotic plants reduce floral resources for bees, which may decrease bee visitation. In contrast, extensive semi-natural and forested areas seemed to support bee generality. Additionally, we observed higher visit frequency and richness of bees and plant generality during the second period of the rainy season (July to October), leading to more robust bee–plant interaction networks in the same period. This study enhances our understanding of how land-use types and intra-seasonal climatic variation shape structure of bee floral visitor communities and their interactions with flowering plants. Furthermore, our findings underline the negative impact of human-dominated landscapes on the ecological dynamics of plants visited by bees and their interaction networks.
With the development of generative AI technology, a vast array of AI-generated paintings (AIGP) have gone viral on social media like TikTok. However, some negative news about AIGP has also emerged. For example, in 2022, numerous painters worldwide organized a large-scale anti-AI movement because of the infringement in generative AI model training. This event reflected a social issue that, with the development and application of generative AI, public feedback and feelings towards it may have been overlooked. Therefore, to investigate public interactions and perceptions towards AIGP on social media, we analyzed user engagement level and comment sentiment scores of AIGP using human painting videos as a baseline. In analyzing user engagement, we also considered the possible moderating effect of the aesthetic quality of Paintings. Utilizing topic modeling, we identified seven reasons, including hyperrealistic quality, ambivalent reactions, perceived theft of art, etc., leading to negative public perceptions of AIGP. Our work may provide instructive suggestions for future generative AI technology development and avoid potential crises in human-AI collaboration.
Yousra Shleibik, Elijah Alabi, Christopher Reardon
Robots are now increasingly integrated into various real world applications and domains. In these new domains, robots are mostly employed to improve, in some ways, the work done by humans. So, the need for effective Human-Robot Teaming (HRT) capabilities grows. These capabilities usually involve the dynamic collaboration between humans and robots at different levels of involvement, leveraging the strengths of both to efficiently navigate complex situations. Crucial to this collaboration is the ability of robotic systems to adjust their level of autonomy to match the needs of the task and the human team members. This paper introduces a system designed to control attention using HRT through the use of ground robots and augmented reality (AR) technology. Traditional methods of controlling attention, such as pointing, touch, and voice commands, sometimes fall short in precision and subtlety. Our system overcomes these limitations by employing AR headsets to display virtual visual markers. These markers act as dynamic cues to attract and shift human attention seamlessly, irrespective of the robot's physical location.
The steering of the residential development on the regional level is one of the major tasks of regional planning. Nevertheless, no nationwide information is yet available on the implementation of the planning instruments in regional plans. Moreover, for potential steering types, only one approach on the level of the German federal states exists. To reduce this information deficit, a plan content analysis is used to determine which positive planning instruments were implemented in the state development plans and regional plans valid in 2017. The data basis for negative planning instruments is the spatial development plan monitor of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBSR). With these data, a non-linear principal component analysis and a cluster analysis is carried out to identify specific steering types. As a result, six regional planning steering types of pre-use planning, quantitative control, settlement axes, positive planning location control, intra-municipal framework with extensive mono-functional open space protection and extensive location control through multifunctional open space protection can be identified. The different steering types are often spatially clustered, so that a significant influence of state planning requirements can be assumed.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
Yuli Astutik, Sheila Agustina, Fika Megawati
et al.
In order to achieve quality learning in accordance with the aspirations and the fourth goal of SDGs, teachers need to create learning that is complete and in accordance with the needs of students. This complete and appropriate learning can be demonstrated by the teaching modules used by the teacher. In fact, teachers still encounter problems in compiling teaching modules that suit the needs of students in the current era of digital technology. This obstacle is also experienced by high school English teachers in Sidoarjo. One of the challenges is the lack of innovation in using and implementing information and technology-based English learning media. Therefore, with this community service, the authors aim to increase the high school English teachers' innovation through training on teaching module development with EdPuzzle integration. The success of this program was measured from a questionnaire filled out by the teachers. As a result, teachers who previously did not know what EdPuzzle was were finally able to create and implement it in class. They argue that digital media such as EdPuzzle is very useful for teaching and learning English. Thus, this community service has been carried out properly and succeeded in achieving the planned goals.
Nada Samir Farag, Gehan Elsayed Abd eldayem, Ahmed Saleh Abd Elfatah
Cities confront massive issues like Disasters, climate change, urbanization, population growth, and economic growth; it is necessary to reduce their impact to the minimum possible. To accomplish this, A smart, resilient society intended to manage cities using Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and intelligent information technologies to improve the ability to resist, absorb, and adapt to external changes resulting in urban resilience. Beyond that, constructing a smart, resilient city is a more advanced strategy for reducing vulnerabilities to emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. This study proposes a conceptual design for smart resilience cities and explores how a system can improve risk reduction and adaptation approaches and natural disaster recovery. Using various examples, the various states how smart cities' characteristics help cities be more resilient to disasters. The paper explains the differences and similarities between a smart city and a resilient city.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
What if a clock could do more than tell time - what if it could look around? This project explores the conceptualization, design, and construction of a timepiece with visual perception capabilities, featuring three types of human-time interactions. Informal observations during a demonstration highlight its unique user experiences. https://www.zhuoyuelyu.com/clook