Roberta Maria Ferreira Alves, Manuela Luiza de Souza
Este artigo analisa o papel da literatura na reinterpretação de trajetórias de figuras marginalizadas, com foco na história de Sarah Forbes Bonetta. A partir do romance A Outra Princesa, de Denny S. Bryce, discutimos como a ficção histórica preserva memórias pessoais e coletivas, ao mesmo tempo que desafia narrativas coloniais sobre raça, gênero e poder. Abordamos o impacto do tráfico transatlântico de escravizados e as relações entre líderes africanos e potências europeias. A pesquisa se apoia nas teorias de memória de Halbwachs e Nora, e na metaficção historiográfica de Hutcheon e White, refletindo sobre os limites entre história e ficção. Ao integrar Gilroy, Hall e Bhabha, evidenciamos como a literatura pós-colonial resgata vozes silenciadas e questiona as construções identitárias da diáspora africana.
The history of women’s education in Portugal predates the implementation of an official system, which was only consistently addressed after 1836 with Passos Manuel’s reform of primary instruction. Long before that, particularly from the Early Modern period onwards, women religious played a key role in providing education. Convents and Third Order houses—alongside families, charities, and religion-inspired foundations—offered instruction considered appropriate to women’s gender and social status. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) extended strict enclosure to all female convents, leading to the “monasticisation” of education—an arrangement that neither promoted the visibility of female learners nor encouraged the development of the pedagogical models that shaped their instruction. The later emergence of teaching orders, despite their adherence to enclosure, began to challenge the traditional monastic model. Drawing on largely unpublished or scarcely explored archival sources, this article seeks to shed light on the historical reasons behind the prominent and precedent-setting role of monasticism in the field of female education, and to address the enduring invisibility that still shrouds the cloistered world.
Global education (GE) has become important in education due to heightened global interconnectedness and interdependence, with its incorporation into school materials aimed at preparing learners to navigate global challenges. In implementing GE, teachers are considered critical agents to transform normative GE into knowledge in classrooms. This study examines Rwandese teachers’ knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of challenges they face in implementing GE in schools. In a quantitative design, 208 teachers from 15 participating secondary schools completed a survey. The study findings reveal that the teachers had moderate to high levels of knowledge and awareness of global education, with most of the teachers recognising GE to be important in preparing learners for the future and stated the need to incorporate it within the curriculum in Rwanda. This study underscores the need for teacher training and professional development to enhance GE integration, and the provision of necessary resources and materials to enable the implementation of GE in schools in Rwanda.
A Guerra Civil de Espanha é considerada o primeiro conflito moderno a ser fotografado, dia após dia, por fotógrafos espanhóis e estrangeiros. Esses instantâneos tirados entre 1936 e 1939 são hoje suportes de memória para recuperar a história do conflito espanhol. No entanto, no seu contexto, tornaram-se mais uma ferramenta para ganhar a guerra no domínio da propaganda. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel desempenhado por um jornal português, O Comércio de Porto, na cobertura da guerra. O jornal fez uma extraordinária cobertura fotográfica dos acontecimentos em Espanha. E fê-lo como porta-voz oficial de Franco em Portugal. Começaremos por traçar o perfil das 1099 fotografias publicadas entre julho de 1936 e abril de 1939 e depois analisaremos a forma como essas imagens foram utilizadas para manter o moral dos Aliados, criticar o inimigo e convencer os estrangeiros da necessidade de colaborar com a causa política comum.
A preservação da semântica é particularmente complexa quando o âmbito da partilha é interdisciplinar atendendo às idiossincrasias inerentes às diferentes comunidades de conhecimento. Uma potencial solução para transcender as fronteiras disciplinares envolve o uso da abordagem ontológica para a modulação de novos sistemas de organização do conhecimento. O uso de ontologias de alto nível ou de meta-modelos ontológicos como estruturas envolventes a outros sistemas de menor âmbito são possíveis exemplos da aplicação da referida abordagem em contexto interdisciplinar. Apesar da possível existência de algumas aplicações, uma adequação generalizada a diferentes perspetivas epistémicas é, dentro da cultura pós-moderna, olhada com grande ceticismo. Contrariando essa visão de incomensurabilidade, a existência de um horizonte comum à prática científica é apresentada como viável e não impeditivo da integração de diferentes perspetivas sobre o mesmo. Para tal é necessário diferenciar afirmações do que existe (ontologia) de critérios de testagem (metodologia) e não descartar nem confundir os três esquemas (percetivo, concetual e linguístico) evolvidos na relação entre sujeitos e respetivo milieu.
The hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) is one of the oldest collections of this family harboured in European museums. Almost 2,000 specimens, that encompass most of the taxonomic range of this family, were collected in the late 19th Century. It is relevant due its antiquity and because all specimens were bought from the same provider, mainly as mounted specimens, for a Portuguese private collection of Neotropical fauna. In the early 20th Century it was donated to the museum that is now the MHNC-UP.The information about the majority of these specimens is now available for consultation on the GBIF platform after a process of physical curation of all specimens and digital cleaning of the associated metadata. In the process, hundreds of non-catalogued specimens were found, and taxonomic and spatial information was updated for many of the specimens.
This paper reports findings from a study of Portuguese primary children's understanding of time and historical time. The research involved two classes (first grade, with 24 students aged 6 to 7, and third grade, with 25 students aged 8 to 9) of primary school students during two school academic years in an urban primary school in northern Portugal. The main aim of the study was to analyse how students from the first to fourth grade of education develop chronological (time) concepts and historical understanding. Different data collection techniques and methodologies were used that allowed for three types of triangulation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, open interviews, participant researcher observation, audio data, field notes and class diaries. The research was undertaken by the researcher and the class teacher. The research was carried out though a longitudinal study over two years. At three times during the study, the students were asked to arrange historical pictures in chronological order and to explain their sequences. The research data were analysed using a deductive approach. This allowed the construction of a conceptualization system with parameters, categories and subcategories. The findings suggest that temporal understanding and historical thinking are developed gradually but, significantly, they can be facilitated and accelerated by means of specific social studies/history teaching strategies and pedagogy – that is, an intervention strategy.
The present article analyses the complexity of political and diplomatic relationships of Iberic monarchies between the Portuguese invasion to the oriental province, and the events which sealed the swearing of the Cadiz constitution by Fernando VII, during the critical Rioplatense political environment, which continued on the return of the Casa de Braganza to Portugal. It studies the management developed by the representative of the Spanish legation to Rio de Janeiro, the count of casa Flórez, in order to create an espionage propaganda net, whose aim it was to wait for the arrival of the Reconquest Great Expedition in order to put an end to the independence of the Provincias Unidas of the South, identifying their participants and their interventions. It provides evidence on phenomena and situations that highlight the need to study the independence history of the Iberic monarchies without borders.
Airam Rodríguez, José M. Arcos, Vincent Bretagnolle
et al.
Shearwaters and petrels (hereafter petrels) are highly adapted seabirds that occur across all the world’s oceans. Petrels are a threatened seabird group comprising 124 species. They have bet-hedging life histories typified by extended chick rearing periods, low fecundity, high adult survival, strong philopatry, monogamy and long-term mate fidelity and are thus vulnerable to change. Anthropogenic alterations on land and at sea have led to a poor conservation status of many petrels with 52 (42%) threatened species based on IUCN criteria and 65 (52%) suffering population declines. Some species are well-studied, even being used as bioindicators of ocean health, yet for others there are major knowledge gaps regarding their breeding grounds, migratory areas or other key aspects of their biology and ecology. We assembled 38 petrel conservation researchers to summarize information regarding the most important threats according to the IUCN Red List of threatened species to identify knowledge gaps that must be filled to improve conservation and management of petrels. We highlight research advances on the main threats for petrels (invasive species at breeding grounds, bycatch, overfishing, light pollution, climate change, and pollution). We propose an ambitious goal to reverse at least some of these six main threats, through active efforts such as restoring island habitats (e.g., invasive species removal, control and prevention), improving policies and regulations at global and regional levels, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts.
Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
A good practice of maintaining marine mammals in artificial conditions it is important to carefully monitor feeding and its effects on the evolution of animal weight, in conjunction with other environmental variables. This work consists of a feeding study with ten (10) sea lions of the species Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (five adult males, two adult females and three juvenile males) in the Zoomarine Oceanographic Park (Albufeira, Portugal). The objectives were to determine the caloric values of the fish product species used to feed these animals and their effects on the evolution of body weight according to age, weight and behavioral history. The study spanned four years and was divided into three phases. In the first, the caloric value of the food actually taken by each individual was quantified. In the second phase it does not hear caloric control, having only been recorded the total quantity in kilos of food. In the third and last phase, the animal feeding was based on caloric values. In addition to the food taken by each subject, air and water temperatures and relevant behavioral events (such as incidents of aggression) were daily recorded. Some methods of measuring the passage times of different types of food were also tested in the digestive tract of three adult males with the use of radiopaque spheres for radiographic visualization. In general terms, the species Scombrus japonicus, Trachurus trachurus e Sprattus sprattus showed higher but very variable caloric values, whereas the species Loligo vulgaris and Trisopterus minutus showed lower but more stable values. The highest caloric species showed the highest passage time through the digestive tract, with a maximum of 33 hours for Sprattus sprattus. Water and air temperatures showed a predictable relationship with the oscillations in animal weight, which showed an inverse relationship with the annual temperature oscillations. This work contributes to a better understanding of the caloric content of the different fishery products provided to sea lions, as well as the relevance of food planning according to the calorific values regarding the care and welfare of the animals displayed.
Longe de, como habitualmente, reduzir o populismo a uma patologia das democracias liberais contemporâneas , o presente texto procura pensar este mesmo populismo como algo essencialmente ligado ao modo como tais democracias, na sua temporalidade peculiar, se relacionam com o seu passado e o seu futuro. O populismo aparece aqui, nesta perspetiva, como o resultado de um processo em que, nas democracias contemporâneas, emerge um discurso político que traduz um “pensamento único” baseado na ideia de que não há alternativas; que alude à substituição de governos políticos por governos técnicos, reforçando a noção de que as escolhas não são decisões, mas meros resultados automáticos e inevitáveis das circunstâncias; que evoca o consenso e o aniquilamento das distinções políticas alternativas entre esquerda e direita; e que herda a noção, própria do final do século XX, de que as sociedades ocidentais chegaram a um “fim da história” ao encerrar a era das “grandes narrativas”.
During the reign of King João V of Portugal (r.1707-1750), astronomy took part in a movement of cultural renewal and gave impulse to notable international exchanges, which were promoted by the absolutist monarch himself. Using the Portuguese diplomatic network and the extensive epistolary networks of their own Society, a group of Jesuit astronomers – with Neapolitan Giovanni Battista Carbone in the leading role – developed an efficient program of precise celestial observations. This program met João V’s political agenda in several ways: the creation of new observatories and the publication of results in European academic journals increased the prestige of the monarchy and a novel cartography of Brazil improved the geographical knowledge of the colony.
Partiendo del histórico concierto de Fania All Stars en Kinshasa (1973), en este ensayo analizaré cómo la compañía discográfica Fania Records desarrolla durante la década de 1970 una estrategia comercial que reivindica, no la base afro-antillana de la salsa, sino su filiación africana. Esta reivindicación de África en materiales visuales como la revista Latin NY y el documental Salsa! (1976) desvela la emergencia de una nueva geografía cultural de la hibridez en la cual la salsa se erigió en lo que Homi Bhabha define como un “tercer espacio” sónico que une las periferias del Caribe, el África subsahariana y las comunidades latinas de Nueva York en una visión sónica del Sur Global avant la lettre.
This paper focus on the difficulty of applying an apparently clear and transparent concept that refers to an emblematic Mediterranean historical and cultural landscape: the dehesa agroecosystem. This agroecosystem, named montado in Portugal, is located in the southwestern area of the Iberian Peninsula. Dehesa is a very evocative word; it is a concept that, besides, shows a great capacity to contain social values and sensibilities pertaining to the modern world (respect for the environment, quality in the production processes, biodiversity, cultural heritage). Nevertheless, the concept of dehesa is situated in undefined and confusing spaces, due to the fact that its multifunctional nature involving forestry, agriculture and livestock farming prevents it from being understood by the strict dichotomous categories relating to regulatory, ecological or production aspects. In this sense, there is such disconcertion that any proposal aimed at solving the challenges of the dehesa should reach a previous consensus regarding a more adjusted definition thereof, continuing the evolution of this historical concept.