This Spotlight argues that Holocaust historiography stands at a critical impasse. Decades of groundbreaking research have produced an era of unprecedented empirical richness – but also profound fragmentation: a tension masterfully documented in The Cambridge History of the Holocaust (2025). As the field has matured – dethroning German exceptionalism, re-centring victim experiences and expanding its temporal and methodological horizons – the frameworks that once provided coherence, from Berlin-centrism to national containers, have been exhausted. In response, this article proposes a new methodological scaffolding: relational Europeanism. This approach shifts the analytical focus from where events occurred to how they unfolded, privileging interaction over location, proximity over typology and the methodological practice of entanglement. By tracing these dynamics horizontally across borders, vertically through scales and temporally through pre-war and post-war periods, relational Europeanism rethinks the Holocaust as a continental process woven from irreducibly local contexts. It offers a viable path to hold the field’s dazzling plurality together without imposing a new synthesis. In an age of nationalist memory politics and eroding historical knowledge, this method is not merely an academic exercise but also an ethical imperative – providing the connective tissue to write European histories as transnational as the experiences themselves.
La sostanza onirica è una componente importante della narrazione e della sostanza epifanica che caratterizza la Vita nova. Collocati in punti strategici della storia, tutti convergenti verso il (o dal) kérigma della morte o meglio assunzione al cielo di Beatrice, questi episodi si configurano come premonizioni e come aperture dell’orizzonte narrativo. In questo contributo sono analizzate le due, forse tre visiones in somniis, che si trovano rispettivamente nei paragrafi III, XII e XLII. Nella comune dimensione onirica e nella prefigurazione di qualcosa che avverrà tutte e tre mantengono un carattere enigmatico.
Članek se ukvarja z analizo grobov, izkopanih pri Župni cerkvi v Kranju, ki so bili na podlagi dosedanjih raziskav opredeljeni kot najstarejši na tem grobišču. Za takšne so bili do zdaj opredeljeni grobovi (večinoma) brez pridatkov, ki so bili globoko vkopani v prostorne in med seboj pravilno razmeščene grobne jame, obložene s kamni oz. lesom in orientirane proti vzhodu. Posamezne skupine takšnih grobov, izkopanih do leta 1984, so bile na podlagi arheoloških primerjav datirane v konec 7. in v 8. st.
Analiza stratigrafije grobov celotnega grobišča, v katero smo vključili tudi ugotovitve poznejših izkopavanj in pregled zgodovine raziskav, pokažejo, da pri grobovih, do zdaj opredeljenih kot najstarejših, ni šlo vselej za stratigrafsko najstarejše grobove in da so bile med nekaterimi tudi superpozicije.
V prispevku skušamo ugotoviti čas začetka pokopavanja na podlagi starih in novih kronoloških podatkov (relativna kronologija grobov in tipokronologija). Za izbrane stratigrafsko najstarejše grobove na tem grobišču prvič prinašamo radiokarbonske datacije (14C), ki smo jih časovno zožili z datacijami stratigrafsko mlajših grobov s predmeti. Obravnavani grobovi se po gradnji groba ločijo na dve skupini. Pokopavanje se je začelo najverjetneje v 8. st., pred letom 774/775 (14C) s prvo skupino, z možnim trajanjem vse do začetka pokopavanja druge skupine. Druga skupina grobov ni starejša od leta 774 in se je začela že pred začetkom 9. st. ali najpozneje takrat.
RESUMO Este artigo aborda a expedição realizada por Afonso Botelho de Sampaio e Souza, que adentrou territórios indígenas no século XVIII. A expedição de Botelho se deu no contexto das reformas pombalinas, momento em que a Coroa Portuguesa tentava implementar novas diretrizes para as políticas indigenistas, buscando angariar entre os nativos novos súditos nos sertões, a fim de garantir o domínio sobre os territórios coloniais em disputa. Nesse contexto, Botelho percorreu os territórios dos chamados Campos de Guarapuava, no terceiro planalto paranaense, entrando em contato com grupos nativos de origem Jê, denominados desde o século XIX de Kaingang. Por meio de três relatórios da expedição e uma parte da iconografia produzida, buscaram-se indícios referentes à territorialidade e à liderança indígena, captando elementos da cultura Kaingang presentes na organização dos espaços e que influíram no encontro com os exploradores estrangeiros.
Queer readings of Samuel Beckett’s antipathy to reproduction have focused on his refusal of futurity. This essay expands on previous studies of anti-futurity in Beckett’s work by exploring his fascination with atavism, regression, and decadence. Beckett’s anti-vitalist modernism departs from James Joyce’s preoccupation with the fruitful potentialities of the degenerate body; from his early story “Echo’s Bones” to his final full-length novel How It Is, he links atavism to the queer refusal of generative life. By extension, Beckett’s “queer atavism” presents a striking alternative to recent neovitalist affirmations of the inhuman in queer theory and modernist studies.
Seventeenth-century English character-books were popular collections of short essays cataloguing the different types or “characters” of the city. These octavo or duodecimo pamphlets belonged neither to the field of theology nor to that of medical studies. They borrowed from a multitude of discourses, ranging from commonplace wisdom, the curriculum of the schools, anatomical treatises and the elaborate representations of the stage. In this essay, I show that as jumbled literary and cultural repositories, books of characters offer a particularly comprehensive insight into the variety of contemporary interpretations of melancholy. Authors of characters made use of the notion of melancholy to refer in turn to an extravagantly abnormal behaviour, an excessive show of religious devotion, an obsessive disease of the soul, an inspiring symptom of spiritual awareness, an evil possession of the body or a cause of unremitted despair. Such characterizations reinforced the commonplace satire of dissenters as melancholy men by tapping into established stereotypes of humoral imbalance and brainless folly. In this paper, I show that the numerous “characters” of real-life prisons and prisoners however give rise to another representation of melancholy. In such representations, melancholy is neither an ideological stigma nor a psychological prison of the soul. It is a positive manifestation of poetic inspiration which allows the prisoner to metaphorically escape the four walls of his prison.
History (General) and history of Europe, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
El moderno país de Iraq ocupa una zona en la que se asentaron las principales culturas del Antiguo Oriente. Un rico patrimonio arqueológico que durante años el país se encargó de estudiar. Su glorioso pasado era el orgullo de la nación. Cuando en el año 2003 se producía la invasión de Iraq, los medios de comunicación publicaron noticias sobre el saqueo del Museo Nacional, sin embargo este no era sino un hecho más, probablemente el más doloroso de los que ha sufrido el patrimonio de este país a lo largo del tiempo. En primer lugar el expolio de las potencias colonizadoras europeas, interesadas en aumentar los fondos de sus museos, pasando por la presencia de mafias internacionales sin escrúpulos, varias guerras desastrosas y un embargo internacional que se prolongó durante doce años, agravando la ya de por sí delicada situación del país, y que tuvo consecuencias importantes para el patrimonio arqueológico.
Special aspects of education, History (General) and history of Europe
A idéia de arte compartilhada na cultura ocidental tradicionalmente tem sido entendida a partir de elementos conceituais e categorizações que não podem ser aplicados na cultura indígena. Assim, considerar a arte indígena significa observar sua complexidade, de forma a perpassar todas as instâncias da vida desses sujeitos. Desta forma, o texto busca discutir aspectos da etnoarte indígena que não é focada em uma noção de arte centralizada e homogeneizadora mas, sim atenta à uma perspectiva que busca contemplar melhor o seu modo de construção de símbolos, significados e representações culturais.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
The identity of the historian «Aristodemos», number 104 of Jacoby’s Fragmente der Greichischen Historicher, is based upon a note in the upper margin of the page ξζ (83v) of Cod. Par. Suppl. Gr. 607. The aim of this article is to verify this and demonstrate that this is just a way chosen from the copyist to help the reader in finding his way back in a booklet which is affected by an error which makes it difficult to follow the order of the different parts. Aristodemos is a name contained in the piece of text which the copyist refers to, not the name of a new historian as the first editor has made many think. A full description of all events in the booklet is given to support the contextualization of the note.
History of the Greco-Roman World, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
U članku se ukratko iznose rezultati višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja u crkvi sv. Petra i oko nje u Starigradu Paklenici. Posebice je istaknuto da se tim sakralnim objektom bavio i prof. Ante Glavičić. Utvrđena je ranosrednjovjekovna i kasnosrednjovjekovna faza crkve. Dosad je istraženo 215 grobova s nalazima (posebice nakita) od ranog srednjeg vijeka do 19. st. Naglašeno je da su crkva i zvonik u cijelosti konzervirani.
Language and Literature, History of Central Europe
In dieser Seminararbeit wurde die Stimmung der hauptsächlich italienisch-sprachigen Bevölkerung des Trentinos im Bezug auf nationalistische Tendenzen in der Zeit des Vormärz bis 1848/49 untersucht. Dabei wurde anhand von Orginalquellen aus den österreichischen Verwaltungsebenen dargelgegt, in wieweit ein italienischen Nationalismus fassbar war und wie die Verwaltung darauf reagierte.