Hasil untuk "Folklore"

J. Gray

Aigul R. Salikhova

The folkloric character Khoja Nasreddin is widely known in different countries. A cheerful and resourceful hero for many centuries has become an expression of feelings and sentiments of the eastern peoples, their wit, freedom and rebellion. Currently, numerous examples of not only folk, but also professional art are dedicated to him. The image of Khoja is presented in them in different aspects and sometimes transforms under the influence of the creative individuality of its authors. This article is devoted to various interpretations of the classical history of Khoja Nasreddin on the stage. The article examines dramatic performances of G. Kamal Theatre, a puppet show of the National Theater, which became a continuation of the sketch created at the theatre laboratory in Sviyazhsk, a musical production of the Opera Studio in cooperation with the Tatarica Orchestra of the Kazan Conservatory.

Olga A. Bogatova

Based on the analysis of the results of qualitative and quantitative sociological research, the article characterises the influence of the center-peripheral stratification of regions on the stability degree of the social identity of the population in the capitals of the republics within the Russian Federation – on the example of Saransk, the administrative center of the Republic of Mordovia, and Izhevsk, the administrative center of the Udmurt Republic. The author evaluates the differences in the central-peripheral self-identification of the elites and the population of the republics, due to differences in the “scale effect” of the resource provision of the republics, as a significant component of the metropolitan identity of the central cities of the republics as “centers for the implementation of other people’s initiatives.” For example, the status of Izhevsk as the largest city is expressed not only in its comparison to medium-sized cities in the Udmurt Republic, but also in competition with large industrial cities in other regions. The contrast example of the negative impact of the scale effect is demonstrated by Mordovia as a relatively small (with a population of less than a million people) and low-resource region with its capital city of Saransk. The formation of a highly polarized population structure in such a region with a single large city in the absence of medium-sized ones does not prevent a negative comparison with the capital cities of more developed and large regions, forming an idea of their own non-competitiveness and periphery in relation to the largest cities, along with a willingness to join the administrative regions they manage, even at the cost of losing their central status. The results of the study explain the phenomenon of blurring the republican identity among the population of the capital cities of some republics and the dysfunction in their social development, which is expressed in their transformation from the “locomotives of modernization” of the republics into the donors of human resources for more developed regions.

Igor’ Orlov

Italian translation of “Slovo mukhi, tut i tam...”: slukhi kak istochnik kommunikatsii v prostranstve postfol’klora by Igor’ Orlov.

Leszek Olejnik

Jana Plewińskiego (1898–1970) zaliczyć można do grona najwybitniejszych w dziejach najnowszych działaczy ludowych ziemi sieradzkiej. Obecnie jednak jest raczej mało znany, jakby zapomniany. Od 1919 r. działał w ruchu ludowym w kole młodzieży swojej rodzinnej wsi Strzałki (gmina Majaczewice). Od 1923 r. związał się z PSL „Wyzwolenie”, a od 1931 r. działał w Stronnictwie Ludowym (SL), w którym wtedy skupili się członkowie trzech dotąd samodzielnie funkcjonujących ugrupowań chłopskich. Najsilniejszą pozycję Plewiński wypracował sobie w latach 30. XX w., zarówno w SL jak i ZMW RP „Wici”. Od 1934 r. wchodził w skład Zarządu Powiatowego SL, w rok później objął funkcję sekretarza powiatowego i piastował ją do wybuchu II wojny światowej. W 1936 r. wybrany został do Zarządu Wojewódzkiego SL w Łodzi. W latach 1935–1936 stał na czele powiatowych struktur ZMW RP „Wici”. W latach 1936–1938 był członkiem Zarządu Wojewódzkiego tej organizacji. Był związany ze środowiskiem młodych, radykalnych działaczy ludowych, którzy skupili się wokół wydawanego wpierw w Poznaniu, a następnie w Łodzi czasopisma „Chłopskie Życie Gospodarcze”. Był cenionym prelegentem i często występował na różnych zgromadzeniach publicznych organizowanych przez sieradzki ruch ludowy. Współorganizował wielki strajk chłopski w 1937 r. Za swą działalność przeciw władzy sanacyjnej był w okresie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej kilkakrotnie więziony. Na początku okupacji hitlerowskiej (listopad–grudzień 1939) znalazł się w sieradzkim więzieniu (w ramach antypolskich represji okupanta). Po ucieczce z więzienia włączył się aktywnie w tworzenie struktur konspiracji ludowej. Należał do kierownictwa lokalnego tej konspiracji (wchodził w skład „trójki” a następnie „piątki” powiatowej SL „Roch”, w latach 1944–1945 – po aresztowaniu Adama Banacha stanął na czele konspiracji ludowej powiatu sieradzkiego). Był także żołnierzem „Chłostry”, a od 1941 r. Batalionów Chłopskich. Jego działalność w latach 1945–1972 w ruchu ludowym (w SL, PSL, ZSL) szerzej opisuję w szkicu biograficznym zamieszczonym w numerze 37 (2021) „Rocznika Historycznego Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego” w Warszawie.

Jacek Jackowski, Piotr Grochowski

Jacek Jackowski is a musician and ethnomusicologist, and the head of the Phonographic Collection at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in the conservation, digitization and archiving of old sound recordings. He is a field researcher and author of many academic articles on traditional, Catholic and folk religious culture associated with musical behaviours. He also published numerous articles and books on early folk music recordings and their digitization (Zachować dawne nagrania, Warszawa 2014; Polska muzyka tradycyjna – dziedzictwo fonograficzne, t. 1, Warszawa 2017; t. 2, Warszawa 2019), as well as 17 CD albums of folk songs and music from Kashubia, Kurpie, Podhale, Łowicz, Orava, South Wielkopolska and many other regions of Poland. Since 2014 he has been managing the Etnofon project, the goal of which is to create, develop and maintain a central digital repository of documentary phonographic and film recordings capturing Polish traditional songs and music as well as folk dance.

Ilnara I. Khanipova

The thematic compilation “Food Supply Problems in Regions” timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the tragic events in the history of the Soviet state – the mass famine in the Volga and Ural regions, which engulfed the territory of the young Tatar Republic. At the roundtable discussion held in Kazan on October 19, 2021, researchers from Kazan, Samara, Penza and Moscow discussed the features of food policy and the problems of food supply in the Soviet period in the Volga and Ural regions. The rubric includes some articles of the roundtable discussion participants.

Marina V. Osipova

The researchers of the XIX–XX centuries mentioned in their works dedicated to the Ainu spiritual culture the exceptional role of birds as a mythopoetic classifier. A lot of functions performed by birds made their presence in people’s lives necessary. Some of the birds’ qualities were admired by people. Gradually, birds became an object of worship and a special wildlife symbol, and among the Ainu there was even a cult of representatives of this animal world. But the question of the reasons of the origin of this cult and the question of their place in the traditional way of life have so far not been investigated by the ethnographers, though it is well known, that the most revered birds were brought up by the people in the settlement for a certain period of time and then “sent off” (killed) as deities with the special honor to the heaven. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to identify the origin of this cult by analyzing the Ainu legends kamuy yukar about deities and fairy tales wepeker. This article is an attempt to systematize the ways of birds’ origin and to identify the complex of functions performed by birds in the people’s world, which led to the birds’ cult origin. The analysis was based on the study of a wide range of texts written in foreign languages and not translated into Russian. The represented material can be used in comparative studies of the similar religious phenomenon in the spiritual culture of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

Swietłana M. Tołstojewa

The Language and Culture of Polish Highlanders The paper discusses the methodological and practical lexicographic solutions implemented in J. Kąś’s Ilustrowany leksykon gwary i kultury podhalańskiej (‘An illustrated lexicon of Podhalan dialect and culture’). In view of its theoretical and material values, this twelve-volume work occupies a significant place in Slavic dialectal lexicography. It is a so-called full dialectal dictionary, but at the same time an encyclopaedia of Podhalan folklore. Linguistic explanations entwine with description of the folk culture. The various ways in which ethnographic information is presented constitute an indisputable innovation, and it must be added that one of those ways are numerous photographs. A reliable, and also clearly designed dictionary has without doubt a great scientific and cultural significance. It can be used not only by dialectologists and ethnographers, but by anyone with interest in folk culture.

Anna Karenina Chaves Delgado, Jackeline Amantino de Andrade

O artigo apresenta as principais ideias da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) discutidas por seus fundadores e suas aplicações em pesquisas sobre turismo, visando despertar o interesse de pesquisadores brasileiros a respeito da temática, tendo em vista que a TAR tem o potencial de proporcionar novas formas de análise ao fenômeno turístico. Assim, para apresentar um breve panorama desses estudos, seleciona-se uma amostra de periódicos nacionais e internacionais por meio do CiteScore da Scopus e do estrato Qualis da CAPES, e dentro desses são feitas buscas nos títulos, resumos e palavras-chave pelas expressões Teoria Ator-Rede, translação, simetria generalizada e performatividade. A partir dessas buscas, é possível perceber que a quantidade de artigos internacionais é superior, assim como a variedade temática. As produções nos periódicos internacionais analisados não se encontram restritas a um grupo de autores específicos, no entanto, em termos geográficos, ainda estão associados a instituições europeias. Também se nota que a performatividade, tema mais frequente em periódicos internacionais, é associada a discussões sobre autenticidade, multiplicidade e processos de organização, enquanto que os artigos que se referem diretamente à TAR e à translação discutem especialmente a heterogeneidade do turismo.

G. L. Engel

Saroj Kumar Sahoo, Himanshu Bhusan Sahoo, D. Priyadarshini et al.

Background: Ulcer can be developed inside the inner lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). Both the ulcers are also cumulatively referred as peptic ulcers. It affects nearly 10% of world population. Aim: To investigate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Salvadora indica W. leaves (ESIL) on albino rats. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried by pylorus ligation, ethanol and cysteamine induced ulcer models in albino rats. The antiulcer activity of ESIL (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg p.o. for 7 days) was compared with standard drugs (Ranitidine). In pyloric ligation induced ulcer model, the studied parameters were gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index whereas in ethanol and cysteamine induced ulcer model, the ulcer index was determined for severity of ulcers. The parameters studied were ulcer index, gastric juice volume, pH, free acidity and total acidity. Results: In pyloric ligation model; the volume of gastric content, total/free acidity and pepsin activity was significantly decreased at p<0.05 and p<0.01 and pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased at p<0.05 and p<0.01 in ESIL treated groups as compared to control group. All the doses of ESIL showed dose dependent antiulcer effect as well as significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) reduction in the ulcer index as compared to control group in all the experimental models. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the ESIL have better potential against ulcer which supports the traditional claims in folklore medicine.

Julianna Lindsay

The National Broadcasting Company’s (NBC) Grimm uses fairy tales and an altered history to explore modern issues in American society such as environmental concerns, individuality, and social and cultural change through magic and magic-tinged science. Worldwide chaos and strife are easily explained as part of the Grimm universe (Grimmverse) through Wesen (humanoid creatures who share characteristics with animals such as appearance and behavior), leading to a more united view of humanity and equality of human experience. Evil is often more scientifically explained, and what may appear random within our reality becomes part of a pattern in Grimm. Grimm gives its American audience a form of societal unity through historic folklore and a fictional explanation for the struggles Americans perceive to be happening within their own society as well as in other parts of the world.

Tomás Ó h-Íde (Ihde)

Famed director Robert Flaherty’s first direct sound film, Oidhche Sheanchais, was recently discovered at Harvard University. This article discusses the impact that the discovery will have on our understanding of this short film, especially as concerns film studies and folklore. It notes several misunderstandings reported in the literature over the years that have now been set right with the finding of the film. The article points to resources held in archives in Ireland and the United States that can additionally address questions related to this film. While a noteworthy contribution to the filmography of Robert Flaherty, the short ‘talkie’ must be approached with caution by folklorists due to the coaching of actors and cinematographic editing.

Monika Kropej

The tenth male (desetnik) or female child (desetnica), but also the ninth, the twelfth or the thirteenth child, have been preserved in the folk heritage of the Slavic, the Irish and the Baltic nations. The folk tradition of other nations contains several similarities in the stories abouth the seventh child of the same sex. Such a child is supposed to be a deity, a demonic creature, or a wizard. Researchers of folk epic and narrative tradition have discovered that Zeleni Jurij and Marjetica were marked as the tenth children as well. Zeleni Jurij is a deity which, according to folklore, brings renewal and fertility in spring, while his sister Marjetica is dedicated to the female counterpart of this deity. In folk songs the tenth son and the tenth daughter are either the tithe destined to the deities Perun and Mokoš, or else represent the two deities themselves.

Beata Hoffmann

Relocation in space has accompanied people for ages. Searching for food, new possibilities of the settlement, work, education or religious cult places have become the aim of first excursions and journeys. It is difficult, though, to regard the communities at that time as travel and their activity as the development of tourism. There exist many definitions of tourism, and the majority of them underlines the importance of a free, and spacious mobility of people connected with changing places of residence, environment or the rhythm of life. Irrespective of definitional propositions, tourism is without a doubt a complex psychological, social, economic, spacious and cultural phenomenon. Special attention is to be paid to connections between tourism and culture. Tourism protects, enriches and popularizes cultural goods while culture inspires the development of tourism. Enabling culture meetings, tourism is becoming a more important factor of cultural changes. A revival of locality, growing criticism of mass civilization, and technizational idealism observed in recent years, formed a type of nostalgia for the past, and influenced a significant growth of interest in cultural, or put it more precisely, ethnic tourism. Ethnic tourisms is identified with alternative, rural, folklore, adventurous or sentimental tourism. Its present shape, however, has become yet another example of cultural non-transparency of modern reality. On the one hand, we observe a clear demand for typical ethnically-foreign tourist elements and a valorization of our own traditions, and a conscious development of a native group identity on the other.

R. Bauman

F. A. Caro, A. Paredes, R. Bauman

J. H. Brunvand

Fernanda Alves Rocha Guimarães, Mauri Fortes, Wanyr Romero Ferreira et al.

A análise por envoltória de dados (DEA) tem-se mostrado uma técnica segura para avaliar e comparar unidades de negócios que podem incluir uma ou múltiplas empresas, municípios ou regiões. Devido à sua simplicidade, ela é uma técnica que pode se tornar particularmente importante nas situações altamente complexas encontradas quando da tomada de decisões associadas ao turismo. Neste trabalho propõe-se uma metodologia que envolve o uso associado da técnica não-paramétrica DEA e da análise estocástica (paramétrica) de correlação. A utilidade do método é avaliada pela sua aplicação na solução de dois problemas-exemplo associados ao turismo. O primeiro exemplo mostra a avaliação da eficiência relativa das diferentes unidades de uma cadeia de fast food e permite afirmar que a técnica proposta pode ser aplicada diretamente à cadeia de restaurantes, agências de viagens, etc. O segundo exemplo relaciona-se com a avaliação da eficiência de hotéis de uma cadeia, com base em duas variáveis de saída: satisfação do cliente e relação custo-benefício, e seis variáveis de entrada (relacionadas a custos): preço, conveniências, conforto do quarto, controle de temperatura, serviço e qualidade dos alimentos. Os resultados mostram que o método proposto é altamente eficaz quando usado para eliminar variáveis de entrada ou de saída significativamente correlacionadas.