Hasil untuk "Environmental protection"

Antony J. Williams, C. Grulke, J. Edwards et al.

Despite an abundance of online databases providing access to chemical data, there is increasing demand for high-quality, structure-curated, open data to meet the various needs of the environmental sciences and computational toxicology communities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) web-based CompTox Chemistry Dashboard is addressing these needs by integrating diverse types of relevant domain data through a cheminformatics layer, built upon a database of curated substances linked to chemical structures. These data include physicochemical, environmental fate and transport, exposure, usage, in vivo toxicity, and in vitro bioassay data, surfaced through an integration hub with link-outs to additional EPA data and public domain online resources. Batch searching allows for direct chemical identifier (ID) mapping and downloading of multiple data streams in several different formats. This facilitates fast access to available structure, property, toxicity, and bioassay data for collections of chemicals (hundreds to thousands at a time). Advanced search capabilities are available to support, for example, non-targeted analysis and identification of chemicals using mass spectrometry. The contents of the chemistry database, presently containing ~ 760,000 substances, are available as public domain data for download. The chemistry content underpinning the Dashboard has been aggregated over the past 15 years by both manual and auto-curation techniques within EPA’s DSSTox project. DSSTox chemical content is subject to strict quality controls to enforce consistency among chemical substance-structure identifiers, as well as list curation review to ensure accurate linkages of DSSTox substances to chemical lists and associated data. The Dashboard, publicly launched in April 2016, has expanded considerably in content and user traffic over the past year. It is continuously evolving with the growth of DSSTox into high-interest or data-rich domains of interest to EPA, such as chemicals on the Toxic Substances Control Act listing, while providing the user community with a flexible and dynamic web-based platform for integration, processing, visualization and delivery of data and resources. The Dashboard provides support for a broad array of research and regulatory programs across the worldwide community of toxicologists and environmental scientists.

J. Klemeš, Y. Fan, R. Tan et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had growing environmental consequences related to plastic use and follow-up waste, but more urgent health issues have far overshadowed the potential impacts. This paper gives a prospective outlook on how the disruption caused by COVID-19 can act as a catalyst for short-term and long-term changes in plastic waste management practices throughout the world. The impact of the pandemic and epidemic following through the life cycles of various plastic products, particularly those needed for personal protection and healthcare, is assessed. The energy and environmental footprints of these product systems have increased rapidly in response to the surge in the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide, while critical hazardous waste management issues are emerging due to the need to ensure destruction of residual pathogens in household and medical waste. The concept of Plastic Waste Footprint (PWF) is proposed to capture the environmental footprint of a plastic product throughout its entire life cycle. Emerging challenges in waste management during and after the pandemic are discussed from the perspective of novel research and environmental policies. The sudden shift in waste composition and quantity highlights the need for a dynamically reponsive waste management system. Six future research directions are suggested to mitigate the potential impacts of the pandemic on waste management systems.

Longwu Liang, Zhen-bo Wang, Jiaxin Li

Abstract China is experiencing a rapid urbanization that is unprecedented in human history. This has significantly improved the well-being of residents, but has also caused serious environmental problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA). Therefore, the study constructed the indexes of urbanization and environmental pollution based on the existing literature, used the analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and the principle of minimum information entropy to obtain the subjective, objective and comprehensive weights of the evaluation indexes respectively, and took BTHUA as an example to study the effects of urbanization elements and subsystems on environmental pollution from 2000 to 2015 by using geographically and temporally weighted regression model. This study reached the following conclusions. (1) The urbanization index increased rapidly from 0.157 in 2000 to 0.438 by 2015. National policies have significant impacts on environmental protection in urban agglomerations. (2) The service industry level, fiscal revenue, resident income, education level, Internet application were factors that reduced environmental pollution. The urbanization rate, population agglomeration, economic development, industrial development, urban construction, and transportation construction were factors that aggravated environmental pollution. (3) The impacts of urbanization on environmental pollution fluctuated periodically, with the period of fluctuation being consistent with China's five-year plan. National policy has significantly promoted the coordinated development of urbanization and environmental protection, although there was a lag effect. The effects of the trends in population, economic, social, spatial, and comprehensive urbanization factors on environmental pollution were basically the same, but the degree of each effect differed. (4) Urbanization improved the environmental quality in mountainous areas, but aggravated the degree of local environmental pollution in plains and coastal areas. The rate of urbanization of urban agglomerations differed, with the rate of urbanization lagging behind in mountainous areas, whereas it was excessive in plains and coastal areas.

Xiaoguang Zhou, Xinmeng Tang, Rui Zhang

R. Inglehart

M. Song, Shuhong Wang, Hongyan Zhang

Abstract Green product innovation represented by information and communication technology (ICT) refers to an environmental production mode with innovation as the main carrier. As a key means to achieve the coordinated development of environmental protection and economic development, green product innovation is still in the lead-in period in China; since it is difficult to achieve rapid development only by relying on market forces, it needs government intervention and regulation. To guide the development of the green product innovation industry, this study analyzes the effect of environmental regulation and R&D tax incentives on green product innovation from a disciplinary and incentive perspective. Data from 30 regions in China from 2009 to 2017 are used. First, a panel model is proposed for the analysis of the entire country to determine the relationships among environmental regulation, R&D tax preferential policies, and green product innovation. Due to the regional differences in industrial structure and economic development level in the various regions of China, to enhance the accuracy of the research results, the inflection points of environmental regulations in different provinces are analyzed. The research results show a U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and green product innovation, that is, given the increasing intensity of environmental regulation, its effect will gradually change from inhibition to promotion. Currently, most provinces in China are close to the inflection point of environmental regulation, meaning the regulation level needs to be further improved. Further, R&D tax incentives play a significant role in promoting green product innovation. The results not only identify the determinants of green product innovation but also provide a theoretical and decision-making framework for the industrial development and promotion of green product innovation in China.

A. Al‐Swidi, H. Gelaidan, R. Saleh

H. Arslan, Irfan Khan, M. I. Latif et al.

Juan Chen, Yang Liu, Zhao Zhao et al.

Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental pollution, including ozone and particulate matters, and psychological stress. Excessive reactive species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, exacerbate skin pigmentation and aging, which further lead to skin tone unevenness, pigmentary disorder, skin roughness and wrinkles. Besides these, skin microbiota are also a very important factor ensuring the proper functions of skin. While environmental factors such as UV and pollutants impact skin microbiota compositions, skin dysbiosis results in various skin conditions. In this review, we summarize the generation of oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. We further introduce current knowledge on the possible roles of oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and aging, specifically with emphasis on oxidative stress and skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, we summarize the science and rationale of using three well‐known antioxidants, namely vitamin C, resveratrol and ferulic acid, in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Finally, we discuss the strategy for preventing oxidative stress‐induced skin pigmentation and aging.

Negar Hashemi, Amjed Tahir, August Shi et al.

Test flakiness is a significant issue in industry, affecting test efficiency and product quality. While extensive research has examined the impact of flaky tests, many root causes remain unexplored, particularly in the context of dynamic languages such as JavaScript. In this paper, we conduct a systematic evaluation of the impact of environmental factors on test flakiness in JavaScript. We first executed test suites across multiple environmental configurations to determine whether changes in the environment could lead to flaky behavior. We selected three environmental factors to manipulate: the operating system, the Node.js version, and the browser. We identified a total of 65 environmental flaky projects, with 28 related to operating system issues, five to Node.js version compatibility, 16 to a combination of operating system and Node.js issues, and 17 related to browser compatibility. To address environmental flakiness, we developed a lightweight mitigation approach, js-env-sanitizer, that can sanitize environmental-related flaky tests by skipping and reporting them (rather than failing), allowing CI builds to continue/succeed without rerunning entire test suites. The tool achieves high accuracy with minimal performance or configuration overhead, and currently supports three popular JavaScript testing frameworks (Jest, Mocha, and Vitest)

Ventura River Reaches

Linda Smail, David Santandreu Calonge, Firuz Kamalov et al.

This research investigates the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to bridge the knowledge gap in environmental education among university students. By focusing on prominent large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4o, Gemini, Claude Sonnet, and Llama 2, the study assesses their effectiveness in conveying environmental concepts and, consequently, facilitating environmental education. The investigation employs a standardized tool, the Environmental Knowledge Test (EKT-19), supplemented by targeted questions, to evaluate the environmental knowledge of university students in comparison to the responses generated by the AI models. The results of this study suggest that while AI models possess a vast, readily accessible, and valid knowledge base with the potential to empower both students and academic staff, a human discipline specialist in environmental sciences may still be necessary to validate the accuracy of the information provided.

Guo J, Li Y, Xie D et al.

Jixiang Guo,1,2 Yiwen Li,1,2 Dongxue Xie,1,2 Mingyang Zhang,1 Simao Fu3 1Department of Surgical Anesthesiology-Division 1, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, 528403, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng City, Henan Province, 475004, People’s Republic of China; 3Dean’s Office, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, 528403, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Simao Fu, Dean’s Office, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, 2 Sun Wen East Road, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Email 2059202645@qq.comObjective: The aim of this study was to comprehensively summarize the best currently available evidence by reviewing and analyzing the relevant literature in the area of care and maintenance of tracheostomy patients in the ICU. The evidence covers a wide range of aspects of postoperative care, complication prevention and management, rehabilitation support, and multidisciplinary collaboration for tracheostomy patients.Methods: Using the “ 6S” evidence-based model, we searched multiple databases. The search focused on evidence related to the care of tracheostomy patients, including maintenance, nursing measures, multidisciplinary collaboration, and quality improvement, with the time frame ranging from the inception of the databases to March 14, 2025. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature, extracted data, and summarized evidence from publications meeting the inclusion criteria.Results: A total of 12 relevant documents were retrieved, including 6 guidelines, 2 expert consensus papers, 1 best clinical practice guideline, 3 Meta-analyses. Through summarization and induction, 49 best evidence pieces were obtained across three major themes: maintenance and protection, nursing measures, and multidisciplinary collaboration and quality improvement. These were further divided into 15 sub-themes, covering equipment management, environmental optimization, infection prevention, postoperative care, airway humidification, suctioning, tracheostomy tube management, skin care, rehabilitation exercises, complication prevention, and daily assessments.Conclusion: This research systematically compiles the optimal evidence regarding the care and management of tracheostomy patients, offering a comprehensive foundation for evidence-based clinical practice. It assists healthcare professionals in developing personalized care plans, improving patient safety, reducing complications, and promoting recovery. Future research should focus on optimizing multidisciplinary collaboration, exploring nurse-led interventions, and addressing cultural and resource limitations to further enhance the standardization and personalization of tracheostomy care.Keywords: tracheostomy, care management, multidisciplinary collaboration, evidence summary, quality improvement, best practices

Gizem Dinç

Recreation and leisure activities have become vital components for enhancing social welfare and overall quality of life in contemporary urban and rural environments. Within this context, natural areas play a crucial role in strengthening social interaction, maintaining ecological resilience, and supporting public health. The growing interest in nature-based recreation highlights the need for design strategies that integrate ecological preservation with user-oriented functionality. This study develops a landscape design model explicitly grounded in Nature-Based Solutions (NbS), positioning NbS as the core conceptual and methodological framework of the project. Conducted in the Pınarbaşı Public Garden located in the Şarkikaraağaç district of Isparta, Türkiye, the research demonstrates how NbS principles can be operationalized in ecological landscape design to address environmental, social, and functional needs simultaneously. The design process was structured around a comprehensive analysis of topography, vegetation, hydrology, land use, and social dynamics. The proposed design integrates ecological services such as shading, water management, carbon sequestration, and soil protection with multifunctional recreational facilities including picnic areas, bicycle paths, wooden bridges, and local product stands. Sustainable materials, minimal intervention strategies, and universal accessibility standards were prioritized throughout the design process. The findings demonstrate that NbS-based landscape design enhances ecological continuity, supports local identity, and strengthens the interaction between humans and nature. This case study offers a replicable model for developing resilient recreational landscapes that contribute to environmental sustainability and community well-being.

Klementina Fon Tacer, Gregor Majdič

Reproduction is one of the fundamental biological imperatives shared by all living beings. Organisms must reproduce to pass on their genes to the next generation, ensuring the survival and continuation of their species. In pursuit of this goal, nature has evolved a remarkable diversity of reproductive methods and behaviors, including external fertilization in aquatic species, internal fertilization in terrestrial animals, oviparity, viviparity, complex hormonal regulation, and diverse strategies of parental investment. In the Slovenian Veterinary Research journal, we welcome articles addressing various aspects of veterinary and comparative reproductive research and medicine. In this issue, we have placed particular emphasis on this topic. With this editorial, we would also like to bring attention to these articles, including a review of the phenomics evaluation and research on hormone GnRH injection in cattle and sheep breeding, the effect of food additives and environmental enrichment on fertility protection against toxicity  and egg production  and a case report on canine idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Razmnoževanje skozi prizmo evolucije – pomen za sodobno veterinarsko medicino Izvleček: Razmnoževanje je temelj življenja. Omogoča prenos genov na naslednje generacije in s tem ohranjanje vrst. Narava je skozi evolucijo razvila osupljivo paleto strategij, od zunanje oploditve pri vodnih organizmih do notranje oploditve pri kopenskih živalih, jajcerodnosti, živorodnosti, kompleksnega hormonskega uravnavanja in različnih oblik starševske skrbi. V reviji Slovenian Veterinary Research z veseljem objavljamo prispevke, ki obravnavajo različne vidike veterinarskih in primerjalnih raziskav ter medicine razmnoževanja. V tej številki smo temu področju namenili poseben poudarek. Predstavljamo prispevke, ki osvetljujejo fenomsko evalvacijo in raziskave vpliva hormona GnRH na plodnost goveda in ovc, vpliv prehranskih dodatkov in obogatitve okolja na zaščito plodnosti, in proizvodnjo jajc ter primer idiopatske oligoasteno-teratozoospermije pri psu.

Hafsa Ouajdi, Oussama Hadder, Modan Tailleur et al.

With the ever-rising quality of deep generative models, it is increasingly important to be able to discern whether the audio data at hand have been recorded or synthesized. Although the detection of fake speech signals has been studied extensively, this is not the case for the detection of fake environmental audio. We propose a simple and efficient pipeline for detecting fake environmental sounds based on the CLAP audio embedding. We evaluate this detector using audio data from the 2023 DCASE challenge task on Foley sound synthesis. Our experiments show that fake sounds generated by 44 state-of-the-art synthesizers can be detected on average with 98% accuracy. We show that using an audio embedding learned on environmental audio is beneficial over a standard VGGish one as it provides a 10% increase in detection performance. Informal listening to Incorrect Negative examples demonstrates audible features of fake sounds missed by the detector such as distortion and implausible background noise.

Srija Chakraborty

Artificial Intelligence, machine learning (AI/ML) has allowed exploring solutions for a variety of environmental and climate questions ranging from natural disasters, greenhouse gas emission, monitoring biodiversity, agriculture, to weather and climate modeling, enabling progress towards climate change mitigation. However, the intersection of AI/ML and environment is not always positive. The recent surge of interest in ML, made possible by processing very large volumes of data, fueled by access to massive compute power, has sparked a trend towards large-scale adoption of AI/ML. This interest places tremendous pressure on natural resources, that are often overlooked and under-reported. There is a need for a framework that monitors the environmental impact and degradation from AI/ML throughout its lifecycle for informing policymakers, stakeholders to adequately implement standards and policies and track the policy outcome over time. For these policies to be effective, AI's environmental impact needs to be monitored in a spatially-disaggregated, timely manner across the globe at the key activity sites. This study proposes a methodology to track environmental variables relating to the multifaceted impact of AI around datacenters using openly available energy data and globally acquired satellite observations. We present a case study around Northern Virginia, United States that hosts a growing number of datacenters and observe changes in multiple satellite-based environmental metrics. We then discuss the steps to expand this methodology for comprehensive assessment of AI's environmental impact across the planet. We also identify data gaps and formulate recommendations for improving the understanding and monitoring AI-induced changes to the environment and climate.

Keith Paarporn, James Nelson

Feedback-evolving games is a framework that models the co-evolution between payoff functions and an environmental state. It serves as a useful tool to analyze many social dilemmas such as natural resource consumption, behaviors in epidemics, and the evolution of biological populations. However, it has primarily focused on the dynamics of a single population of agents. In this paper, we consider the impact of two populations of agents that share a common environmental resource. We focus on a scenario where individuals in one population are governed by an environmentally ``responsible" incentive policy, and individuals in the other population are environmentally ``irresponsible". An analysis on the asymptotic stability of the coupled system is provided, and conditions for which the resource collapses are identified. We then derive consumption rates for the irresponsible population that optimally exploit the environmental resource, and analyze how incentives should be allocated to the responsible population that most effectively promote the environment via a sensitivity analysis.

Luis Almeida, Aymeric Jacob de Cordemoy, Ayman Moussa et al.

In this paper we investigate an optimal control problem involving a toy model for the protection on a crop field. Precisely, we consider a protection on a crop field and we want to place intervention zones represented by a control, in order to maximise the protection on the field during a given period. Using a relaxation method, we prove that there exists a control which maximises the protection and, moreover, it must be a bang-bang control. Furthermore, with additional assumptions on the crop field geometry, some results on the shape of the optimal intervention are proved using comparison results for elliptic equations via Schwarz and Steiner symmetrizations. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed in order to illustrate those results.

Zuo Yaju, Fang Mingkun, Zhu Di et al.

The fluid-structure interaction problem of cylindrical flow around the cylinder is a classic problem, especially in many fields such as energy engineering, fluid dynamics, engineering structure, energy utilization and development, and environmental protection. In this article, we have heard about the simplified model and analyzed it with the help of the classical cylindrical flow model. In this paper, the flow field was pre-processed on the Workbench software platform, and the pressure distribution and eddy current phenomenon were observed by post-processing given the velocity of the flow field of 1m/s. There is a large number of thunder (2.799552×106) and the Carmen Vortex appears around the cylinder. The vortex falls off periodically, and the wake structure is relatively irregular. The maximum pressure appears at the bottom of the cylinder and the maximum deformation at the top. Then, the pressure term of the simulation results was transferred to the Ansys solver for finite element structural analysis to observe the stresses and strains of the structure under the action of fluids. Finally, the response signal is based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). Its periodic signal corresponded to the flow field, and its components were analyzed in detail. The application of VMD in this area provides innovative inspiration for related fields.