Type of the article: Research Article
This study examines whether knowledge management practices in commercial banks influence employees’ knowledge of environmental law, providing empirical evidence from Vietnam’s banking sector as an emerging Asian economy. Data were collected from 568 employees across 35 Vietnamese commercial banks in the first quarter of 2025, and the hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that all three knowledge management components (information-sharing systems, a learning-oriented organizational culture, and training and skill development) have positive effects on both work motivation and perceived organizational support. Information-sharing systems exert a strong influence on organizational support (β = 0.188) and work motivation (β = 0.207), while a learning-oriented culture significantly enhances organizational support (β = 0.204) and work motivation (β = 0.165). Training and skill development show the strongest effects on work motivation (β = 0.240) and organizational support (β = 0.185). In turn, work motivation and organizational support directly and positively affect employees’ environmental law knowledge (β = 0.343 and β = 0.363, respectively). Moreover, both variables significantly mediate the relationships between KM components and environmental law knowledge. These findings underscore the relevance of social exchange theory in explaining how effective knowledge management practices enhance employees’ legal knowledge, thereby contributing to more sustainable organizational development. Accordingly, practical implications are proposed for bank managers to strengthen knowledge management implementation.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the Editor-in Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that in our view have helped to improve the quality of the manuscript significantly. Beside, this study is the result of collaboration between researchers from the University of Law, Hue University, and School of Business and Economics, Duy Tan University. The authors would like to thank both institutions for their support and facilitation in the publication of this research.
Abstract Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, municipal waste, and mining generate toxic pollutants that threaten ecosystems and human health, necessitating sustainable remediation strategies to mitigate their impact. Bacterial bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for treating metal-contaminated industrial effluent. It uses biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms, redox reactions, and enzymatic transformation methods, with bacterial cell walls as potential chemisorption sites. Simultaneously, bacteria employing various ways to tolerate and detoxify metalloid pollutants play a crucial role in mitigating hazards. This review highlights the most effective bacterial consortia for removing heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants, emphasizing their mechanisms and applications. In addition, it explores emerging technologies, including synthetic biology, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and CRISPR-Cas9, to enhance biodegradation efficiency, particularly in underexplored areas like plastic decomposition. These advancements hold significant promises for improving bioremediation efficacy and expanding its industrial and environmental applications.
This study utilizes on-site temperature monitoring data and a segmented coupled FDM-FEM numerical model to systematically investigate tunnel temperature distribution under the combined effects of external temperature, excavation length, and periods of work stoppage and resumption, with further optimization of ventilation parameters. The research results are as follows: (1) On-site monitoring shows that during tunnel boring machine operation, the tunnel environmental temperature from the tunnel face to the launching shaft exhibits a sharp drop followed by a gradual decrease, whereas after stoppage, it first rises and then falls. Beyond 3000 m behind the machine, temperature fluctuations remain within 0.5 °C. (2) The segmented coupling modeling method significantly improves simulation efficiency for long-distance tunnel temperature fields, producing results highly consistent with observed data. (3) The maximum tunnel temperature is positively correlated with external temperature and shows an exponential relationship with excavation length. (4) The average temperature in the shield working zone has a power-law dependence on ventilation rate, with cooling efficiency showing diminishing returns as airflow increases. (5) Required ventilation volume increases exponentially with rising external temperature, and the activation threshold for auxiliary cooling systems varies significantly under different temperature control standards. (6) Ventilation demand is linearly related to excavation length, with the critical excavation length decreasing significantly as temperature control standards become stricter.
Tsuyoshi Hatori, Christoph Rupprecht, Chris Berthelsen
et al.
The intensification of extreme weather events induced by climate change is fueling policy discussion over the potential role of global climate intervention. Alongside planetary-scale interventions, technologies for local and regional weather modification are receiving renewed attention and funding. We argue that their social implementation will affect future human-weather relations and propose a weather commons approach as a conceptual framework for democratic, community-centric weather modification for a post 1.5 °C world.
The article examines the concept of climate justice as a key element of effective climate policy in Europe in the fight against global warming and the actualization of this issue in Ukraine as a result of Russian military aggression. The role of international law in regulating the human impact on the climate system and ensuring environmental justice is highlighted. The efforts of the European Union to implement the Paris Agreement in order to prevent an in global average annual temperature on the planet by more than 2 degrees from the pre-industrial level by 2100 are analyzed, in particular with regard to the implementation of the European Green Deal and the package of legislative initiatives «Fit for 55», which were joined by all EU members, proclaiming an ambitious goal to turn Europe into the first climate-neutral continent by 2050 and reduce emissions by 55% by 2030. The development of European policies for the transition to a carbon-free economy is aimed at integrating climate related commitments into various sectors of the economy, which historically coincided with the war on the eastern borders of EU. The author puts attention to the lack of a mechanism for reimbursement of significant volumes of greenhouse gas emissions caused as a result of armed conflicts, which is a significant gap in the modern methodology of concepts for achieving the normatively enshrined long-term goal of the EU to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 in accordance with the European Climate Law. Particular attention is paid to the situation in Ukraine, where the issue of climate justice is being actualized in connection with the consequences of the Russian aggression, which has caused large-scale environmental crimes. Attention is paid to the challenges associated with environmental racism, war environmental crimes, and ways to improve legal mechanisms to ensure climate justice at the international level are proposed. The author emphasizes the need for effective implementation and synchronization of EU environmental and climate legislation in the legal system of Ukraine, which should become an important prerequisite for the «green» and sustainable post-war recovery of the country.
Nnana Okoi OFEM, Chinasa UTTAH, Ndem Samuel ETIM
et al.
This research aimed to evaluate the impact of mass tourism on the hospitality industry and tourism destination
development in Cross River State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were collected through a checklist and questionnaire, and
subsequently analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient.
The findings indicated that Transcorp Hotel and Azari had the highest number of visitor arrivals, with Cuba contributing the
largest percentage of tourists in the region. Moreover, the study identified overcrowding and an increase in crime rates as the
primary challenges associated with mass tourism in the area. Consequently, the results emphasize the necessity of implementing
effective measures to alleviate the negative impacts of overcrowding and address the challenges arising from mass tourism.
Irene Passarelli, Demmy Mora-Silva, Carla Arguello Guadalupe
et al.
Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is a source of supply in many areas of the world, especially in developing countries. This is often carried out illegally using toxic substances such as mercury. Mercury, due to its chemical–physical properties and the transport factors involved between the different environmental matrices, can percolate through soil and from surface water to groundwater. The objective of this study was to conduct a human health risk assessment. For this purpose, a screening of mercury concentrations was carried out, collecting 67 water samples at selected points, and a risk assessment was performed applying both a deterministic and a probabilistic approach. A deterministic approach is a specific analysis based on determining the values of the risk quotient (HQ) and the risk index (HI) for each receptor category (adults and children) and scenario (residential and recreational) considered; a probabilistic approach is based on stochastic simulation techniques and the evaluation of the statistical quantities. There was found to be a discrepancy between the results provided by the two approaches, with the deterministic approach suggesting a more worrisome picture. However, in general, the results showed a greater exposure in the provinces of El Oro and Esmeraldas, and a greater vulnerability of child receptors.
Abstract Background Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure has a negative impact on the environment and biological health. However, the relationship between PFOS exposure and diabetes in adults is not clear. Objective In this study, we included two distinct components: (1) in the cross-sectional analysis, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Inspection Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 and eventually included 2539 subjects. The association between PFOS exposure and the risk of diabetes in adults was assessed by a logistic regression model, and further subgroup analysis was carried out according to sex, hypertension status and high cholesterol status. We adjusted for all covariates and found that the positive association between higher PFOS exposure and diabetes remained stable. (2) In vitro experiments were conducted as follows, rat insulinoma β cells (INS-1) were used as experimental materials; cell proliferation activity was detected using the MTT assay; quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of insulin; and Western blotting was used to detect insulin protein expression levels. Results Compared with Q1, the OR of the highest exposure level group (Q4) of PFOS was 1.342(95% CI 0.940, 1.916). We conducted a logistic regression analysis based on sex, hypertension, and high cholesterol stratification. Stratified by sex, we found that the exposure level of PFOS was significantly positively associated with diabetes (P for trend < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the positive association between PFOS exposure and diabetes was more significant in nonhypertensive individuals (P for trend < 0.01) and those with normal cholesterol levels (P for trend < 0.001). To further determine the causal relationship between PFOS exposure and diabetes, we used rat insulinoma β cells (INS-1) as experimental materials to study the effect of PFOS exposure on insulin secretion. We found that PFOS exposure significantly affected insulin secretion and insulin mRNA and protein expression. Conclusions In summary, PFOS exposure is positively associated with the risk of diabetes. However, further studies are needed to confirm our results.
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the relationship between environmental citizenship and behaviour with spiritual norms serving as mediator among students at Syiah Kuala University (USK), Indonesia. A quantitative method employing a cross-sectional approach was used, with a sample of 200 students randomly selected from diverse majors. The results showed the existence of gender differences, with women displaying more consistent environmental behaviour. The inferential statistics indicated an influence of environmental citizenship on behaviour without and with spiritual norms as mediator variables at (β = 0.606, p = 0.00) and (β = 0.199, p = 0.00), respectively. Therefore, this study underscored the importance of spiritual norms as mediator variable for the relationship between environmental citizenship and students’ behaviour.
Special aspects of education, The family. Marriage. Woman
Detecting gas flaring activities during oil production on a regional scale is necessary, since it emits harmful gases and bring serious global environmental impacts. This study developed a new algorithm to detect gas flare sites (GFs) on daytime Sentinel-2 MSI images and Nighttime NOAA-20 VIIRS images. The algorithm includes three steps: Thermal Anomaly Index (TAI) on single-temporal MSI images was first used to detect potential GFs, then the daily night temperature of potential GFs was calculated based on Planck's law on VIIRS images, and finally the confirmed GFs were filtered based on the detection frequency and temperature. The algorithm was implemented in five regions with different surface covers in the top four countries (Russia, Iran, Iraq, and the USA) in terms of flared gas volumes in 2021. The algorithm achieves an average producer accuracy of 81.7 %, an average user accuracy of 80.3 %, and the root mean square error of the spatial position is 15.6 m for these five test areas. Compared with the existing global datasets of GFs, this algorithm detects the most GFs and the spatial location of the GFs is more accurate, indicating that the proposed method for GF detection has high spatial resolution and the result is reliable. This algorithm could be applied to detect the GFs globally and provide the scientific data to enact efficient measures to alleviate the environmental impacts.
This paper reviews principal coherence of EU Consumer law and environmental protection as demonstrated through analysis of Consumer Sales Directive. After dichotomy between EU consumer and environmental protection, and EU primary law’s obligation to coordinate these areas is assessed, rules of directive which reflect (or conversely – neglect) environmental protection goal are analysed. It is later argued that directive basically ignores Union’s quest towards sustainability. Although singular rules from directive may indeed be changed hoping it would help to fight ecological problems, taking consumer law’s role in solving ecological challenges seriously means more than fine-tuning several provisions but changing consumer law fundaments’ instead.
Coal is one of the fundamental fossil energy supporting the world’s economy. The synergistic development between efficient coal mining and ecological environment protection is the inevitable requirement for the preservation of global harmony. As the world’s largest coal producer, China has conducted a strategic shift from east to west in terms of the exploitation of its energy resources, posing a serious threat to the fragile ecological environment of the western region. In particular, the surface subsidence caused by coal mining is the root of the ecological deteriotation and the destruction of ground structures. However, it is difficult to reveal the law of large-scale surface subsidence in western mining areas merely by conventional measurement methods such as leveling, on account of the high intensity of coal seam mining, the weakness of the lithology of overlying rock and the large thickness of wind-blown sand strata. In view of this, small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology was used in this study to obtain the time series of surface vertical displacement during the whole mining process of the 2401 working face in the Yingpanhao coal mine, Inner Mongolia. Based on the deformation data, the dynamic evolution characteristics of surface subsidence under high intensity mining in the western mining area were analyzed exhaustively. It was found that the surface subsidence is characterized by an extensive coverage range (48.52 km<sup>2</sup>) with minimal ground settlement (250 mm) in the study area. Meanwhile, the boundary shape of the subsidence basin followed a “circular-parallelogram-trapezoid” changeable process and the coverage area of the basin experienced three stages: a linear increasing period, a temporary stagnation period, and a re-expansion period. Furthermore, there existed an abnormal uplift phenomenon on the east side of the open-off cut in the 2401 working face. Combined with the structure of overlying strata, this paper carried out a preliminary analysis on the reasons of the abovementioned phenomenon. The research results are of vital realistic significance for ground buildings and ecological environmental protection in the aeolian sand mining area in Western China.
In the framework of the periodic update of the Sardinian River Basin Management and Water Protection Plans (Italian Law 152/2006, transposition of the 2000/60/EC Directive), we investigated the AQUATOX model feasibility as a tool for assessing the relationships between Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses (DPSIR scheme). To do this, we applied the AQUATOX model to forecast the response of a Sardinian (Italy) river quality status to a set of different environmental perturbations, including nutrient load and water flow variations. The final aim of this work is to study a feasible model, based on a DPSIR scheme, for identifying the necessary and sustainable measures to tackle the criticalities resulting from a set of known environmental perturbations on Sardinian rivers.
This paper aims to examine the current international legal framework that addresses climate change and identify the role of international human rights law in climate change issues. This paper began by identifying the international legal basis, the development of international legal regimes, and looking at the character and nature of these frameworks. Furthermore, this study seeks to identify the role of international human rights law to close the gap left by the climate change framework. This normative legal research examined secondary data from relevant books, journals, and published documents. There were several findings from this research. First, the current international climate change framework is insufficient to address climate change problems and their adverse impact. Second, international human rights law may play a significant role in closing the current climate change framework gap. International human rights law will add distinctive value to the current system, perform the complementary function to the non-legally binding commitment, and provide an 'arena' for such non-compliance behavior of states parties.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Adriana Nowak, Daria Szczuka, Anna Górczyńska
et al.
Numerous honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) products, such as honey, propolis, and bee venom, are used in traditional medicine to prevent illness and promote healing. Therefore, this insect has a huge impact on humans’ way of life and the environment. While the population of <i>A. mellifera</i> is large, there is concern that widespread commercialization of beekeeping, combined with environmental pollution and the action of bee pathogens, has caused significant problems for the health of honeybee populations. One of the strategies to preserve the welfare of honeybees is to better understand and protect their natural microbiota. This paper provides a unique overview of the latest research on the features and functioning of <i>A. mellifera</i>. Honeybee microbiome analysis focuses on both the function and numerous factors affecting it. In addition, we present the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as an important part of the gut community and their special beneficial activities for honeybee health. The idea of probiotics for honeybees as a promising tool to improve their health is widely discussed. Knowledge of the natural gut microbiota provides an opportunity to create a broad strategy for honeybee vitality, including the development of modern probiotic preparations to use instead of conventional antibiotics, environmentally friendly biocides, and biological control agents.
Wahyu Risaldi, Mujibussalim Mujibussalim, M. Gaussyah
Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui kesesuaian penerapan asas asas in dubio pro natura dalam putusan perkara lingkungan hidup, dan kemungkinan penerapan asas in dubio pro natura perkara pidana lingkungan hidup. Penerapan asas ini penting karena kerusakan lingkungan hidup akan mengancam umat manusia, sehingga penegakan hukum lingkungan harus dilakukan penegak hukum. Melalui Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, dikenal sistem penegakan melalui suatu asas yang diterapkan oleh hakim, yakni asas in dubio pro natura dan asas in dubio pro reo. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, ditemukan bahwa penerapan asas in dubio pro natura dan in dubio pro reo sesuai dengan tujuan Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Di samping itu, asas in dubio pro natura bisa juga diterapkan dalam perkara pidana. Penerapan asas ini efektif dalam penyelesaikan perkara lingkungan hidup.
Implementation of the In Dubio Pro Natura and In Dubio Pro Reo Principles by the Environmental Judges
This study aims to find out the suitability application of in dubio pro natura principles in environmental case decisions, and also the possibility of applying it’s principle in environmental crimes. The implementation of this principle is important because environmental damage will threaten humanity, so the enforcement of environmental law must be carried out by law enforcers. Through Environmental Protection and Management Law, it is known as a system of enforcement through principles applied by judges, that are the in dubio pro natura and the in dubio pro reo principles. This is normative research, it was found that the implementation of the in dubio pro natura and in dubio pro reo principles was in accordance with the objectives of the Environmental Protection and Management Law. In addition, the in dubio pro natura principle can also be applied in criminal cases. The implementation of this principle is effective in resolving environmental cases.
Decisive steps to transform social relations are a complex process that requires thorough study and deep theoretical understanding of representatives of various scientific fields, including lawyers. The growing negative impact of chemicals on human health, industrial and social infrastructure, increasing the risk of extreme situations on potentially dangerous chemical facilities of various organizational and legal form of a threat to human life, national security, social and economic development of Kazakhstan.All the above poses new challenges to the scientists, is a breeding ground for legal research in the field of chemical safety.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
En analysant de manière transversale les droits nationaux relatifs aux aires protégées de sept pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest (le Cap Vert, la Gambie, la Guinée, la Guinée-Bissau, la Mauritanie, le Sénégal et la Sierra Leone), cette étude tend à apporter des éléments de connaissances de ces droits nationaux, tant sur le plan normatif qu'institutionnel, et à s'interroger sur le contenu, la mise en oeuvre et l'adaptabilité de ceux-ci à la lumière des enjeux environnementaux, sociaux et économiques de la sous-région ouest-africaine.