Health literacy has been put forward as a potential mechanism explaining the well-documented relationship between education and health. However, little empirical research has been undertaken to explore this hypothesis. The present study aims to study whether health literacy could be a pathway by which level of education affects health status. Health literacy was measured by the Health Activities and Literacy Scale, using data from a subsample of 5,136 adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years, gathered within the context of the 2007 Dutch Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. Linear regression analyses were used in separate models to estimate the extent to which health literacy mediates educational disparities in self-reported general health, physical health status, and mental health status as measured by the Short Form-12. Health literacy was found to partially mediate the association between low education and low self-reported health status. As such, improving health literacy may be a useful strategy for reducing disparities in health related to education, as health literacy appears to play a role in explaining the underlying mechanism driving the relationship between low level of education and poor health.
Abstract Barriers to dog vaccination in Tanzania in general, and in Kilosa District in particular, are not well understood. Therefore, this study sought to address the following research question: What are the multilevel barriers to the vaccination of dogs against rabies in Kilosa District? Guided by a socioecological model, the study explored the barriers to dog vaccination at multiple levels within the Kilosa District context. A case study design employing a qualitative research approach was used. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews to investigate contextual barriers to dog vaccination. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results are organized according to the levels of the socioecological model. At the individual level, barriers include limited literacy about rabies and dog rabies vaccination; low perceived risk of rabies transmission; low prioritization of dog vaccination in household financial decisions; and uncertainty regarding the cost of dog vaccination. At the organizational/health system level, barriers include fragmented provision of rabies-related health education, reactive rather than proactive sensitization efforts, and limited communication channels, primarily relying on loudspeaker announcements. At the community level, barriers include misconceptions about protection against rabies and mistrust in political leadership. In conclusion, Rabies vaccination uptake in Kilosa District is constrained by multilevel barriers. Individually, limited knowledge, low risk perception, and financial uncertainty reduce prioritization of dog vaccination. Organizational barriers include fragmented health education, weak cross-sector coordination, and reactive communication. At the community level, logistical challenges, absence of By-Laws, persistent misconceptions, and political mistrust further limit vaccination coverage.
Environmental sciences, Public aspects of medicine
Adama Ouedraogo, Patrice Ngangue, David Jean Simon
et al.
Objective This study estimated the proportion of children aged 12–23 months who were fully vaccinated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), explored geographical disparities across subregions and countries, and identified country-level factors associated with full vaccination (FV).Design Cross-sectional study.Setting SSA.Participants Children aged 12–23 months.Primary outcome FV.Methods Data for this study were extracted from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 34 SSA countries between 2012 and 2023. The study included a total weighted sample of 69 218 children. Univariate analyses were performed to describe the socio-demographic profile of the participants and estimate the proportion of FV and the proportion for each of the eight vaccines (BCG, DTP1, DTP2, DPT3, Polio1, Polio2, Polio3, Measles1) at regional level. Bivariate and spatial analyses were produced to examine existing disparities at regional, subregional and countries’ income levels. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted for identifying country-level factors associated with FV.Results 54.1% (95% CI 53.7% to 54.5%) children aged 12–23 months in SSA were fully vaccinated. In addition, substantial inequalities emerged in FV coverage across countries ranging from 23.9% in Guinea to a high of 95.5% in Rwanda. The same pattern was observed for the eight vaccines. Findings also showed that children of birth order 3 and above, who were delivered at home, had received less than four antenatal visits, from poor households and households with more than 5 members, whose mothers were under 25, had primary education level and below, and had no income-generating activities were less likely to be fully vaccinated.Conclusion To achieve WHO’s global vaccination coverage target of 90% by 2030 in SSA, vaccination programmes must take account of regional, subregional and national inequities. Our findings also underline the need for interventions tailored to each SSA country’s socio-cultural context.Ethical consideration Ethical approval was not required as this is a secondary analysis of publicly available data.
Medicine (General), Infectious and parasitic diseases
Health data integration platforms are vital to drive collaborative, interdisciplinary medical research projects. Developing such a platform requires input from different stakeholders. Managing these stakeholders and steering platform development is challenging, and misaligning the platform to the partners’ strategies might lead to a low acceptance of the final platform. We present the medEmotion project, a collaborative effort among 7 partners from health care, academia, and industry to develop a health data integration platform for the region of Limburg in Belgium. We focus on the development process and stakeholder engagement, aiming to give practical advice for similar future efforts based on our reflections on medEmotion. We introduce Personas to paraphrase different roles that stakeholders take and Demonstrators that summarize personas’ requirements with respect to the platform. Both the personas and the demonstrators serve 2 purposes. First, they are used to define technical requirements for the medEmotion platform. Second, they represent a communication vehicle that simplifies discussions among all stakeholders. Based on the personas and demonstrators, we present the medEmotion platform based on components from the Microsoft Azure cloud. The demonstrators are based on real-world use cases and showcase the utility of the platform. We reflect on the development process of medEmotion and distill takeaway messages that will be helpful for future projects. Investing in community building, stakeholder engagement, and education is vital to building an ecosystem for a health data integration platform. Instead of academic-led projects, the health care providers themselves ideally drive collaboration among health care providers. The providers are best positioned to address hospital-specific requirements, while academics take a neutral mediator role. This also includes the ideation phase, where it is vital to ensure the involvement of all stakeholders. Finally, balancing innovation with implementation is key to developing an innovative yet sustainable health data integration platform.
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Public aspects of medicine
Mauro Marino-Jiménez, Norma Sánchez-Chávez, Yenny Rivero-Fortón
et al.
Student performance, disciplinary innovation and teaching methodology occupy the main concerns of educational research. Therefore, there is a greater interest in gamification strategies, where digital tools facilitate the development of competitive activities and strengthening of learning. One example of this idea is the use of video games created for non-educational purposes, where disciplinary strategies and/or social skills can be developed. In this paper, the game Among Us is used to develop an educational experience at higher education. Its use helps to develop a methodology for the identification and analysis of fallacies, according to their recurrency and effectiveness. The result of this learning experience led to a greater comprehension about the use of fallacies, favorable perceptions about the use of games for educational experience, and a deeper reflection about social intelligence in the students.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
A través de distintas formas de comprender la expresión “derecho a la filosofía”, Jacques Derrida, en el texto Privilegio o del Derecho a la Filosofía, abre perspectivas sobre la idea de la filosofía como derecho. A modo de ejercicio interpretativo, el presente trabajo busca profundizar sobre la idea misma de la filosofía como derecho desde la perspectiva de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Inicialmente, distingue entre la forma adverbial del término “derecho” y su forma sustantiva. Invirtiendo el centro de atención, consideramos también el enlace expresado como “filosofía del derecho” (filosofía genitiva). La forma adverbial y la forma sustantiva, a su turno, permiten identificar dos registros de la discusión: la crítica a las instituciones y la crítica a la filosofía como saber. Tras estas distinciones, el artículo se aproxima a las formas de positivización del derecho en instituciones educativas. Buscamos sostener que comprender la filosofía como derecho lleva a pensar de nuevo la enseñanza, ya no como proceso de instrucción inerte, sino como posibilidad del pensar filosófico. El escrito se acompaña de ejemplos sobre el caso colombiano, en donde, durante los años 2023 y 2024, se trabajó para que la filosofía fuera establecida como derecho en la legislación nacional.
Pedro Aramendi Jauregui, Amando Vega Fuente, Karmele Buján Vidales
Los programas de atención a la diversidad representan una de las alternativas de la LOE (2006) para paliar las altas tasas de fracaso escolar de la enseñanza obligatoria. En este estudio se pretende describir y comparar las percepciones del alumnado que no ha obtenido el graduado de educación secundaria sobre el funcionamiento de la ESO y de los programas de atención a la diversidad (Programas de Diversificación Curricular y Programas de Cualificación Profesional Inicial). El trabajo de investigación se ha llevado a cabo en dieciocho centros educativos, seis centros por cada capital de provincia de la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco (tres institutos con ESO y Programas de Diversificación Curricular y tres Programas de Cualificación Profesional Inicial). Los resultados de la investigación indican que el alumnado semuestramás satisfecho con el funcionamiento de los programas de atención a la diversidad que con los métodos de trabajo desarrollados anteriormente en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria.
Descriptores: •
adolescencia
•
equidad
•
fracaso escolar
•
igualdad de oportunidades
Propõe-se apresentar o contexto do IV Encontro de Artes Cênicas e Acessibilidade Cultural: práticas e desaprendizagens, realizado na Universidade Federal do Acre, em 2023. O referido texto apresenta discussões sobre um exemplo de capacitismo, realizado na abertura do evento, buscando, a partir dessa ação, questionar a urgência do Ensino Superior assumir as lacunas presentes na formação; propor uma reestruturação nos currículos dos cursos de Artes, com disciplinas que articulem com o contexto da acessibilidade; viabilizar um letramento no processo de formação. Assim, o texto busca aleijar as estruturas, articulando com pensadores e artistas Defs.
Abstract The growing focus on enhancing color quality in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has spurred significant advancements in color-conversion materials. Furthermore, color conversion is also important for the development and commercialization of Micro-LEDs. This article provides a comprehensive review of different types of color conversion methods as well as different types of color conversion materials. We summarize the current status of patterning process, and discuss key strategies to enhance display performance. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects and roles that color conversion will play in ultra-high-definition micro- and projection displays.
Commented article: ZHENG, X. D. Theoretical Evaluation of Art Education from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Philosophy. Trans/Form/Ação: revista de filosofia da Unesp, v. 47, n. 4, “Eastern thought”, e02400123, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/15024
Play is the mechanism through which students learn and develop musical ideas. Students need time and space to engage in playful learning, and a commitment to developing playful music centers leads to engaged students who are choosing what to learn in a low-risk setting. This article explores what playful learning is and why it is important and then dives into centers that have been used successfully in general music classes. Descriptions of each center are also connected to the National Core Arts Standards.
This was a systematic review on the inclusive education of students with visual impairment. This study focused on two of the most addressed topics: the perceptions of general education teachers and challenges faced by students with visual impairment in accessing academic subjects. It synthesized the findings of 18 peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1980 to 2020. General education teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with visual impairment were both positive and negative and were influenced by teacher-, student-, and environment-related factors. Feeling unprepared, one of the main teacher-related factors, seemed to have a great effect. In terms of access to academic subjects, the most discussed subjects were Mathematics, Science, and Physical Education. Although students with visual impairment seemed to be studying at or above their grade level, their exclusion from participation in classroom activities was apparent. Unfortunately, these challenges lead to short- and long-term consequences. Key elements in increasing accessibility to subjects were: general education teachers possessing a generic set of effective pedagogical strategies, effective teaching-learning tools, and external support. The importance of teacher training and a holistic support system were emphasized.
Enas E. Eltamany, Esraa M. Mosalam, Eman T. Mehanna
et al.
<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. (Asteraceae) is a wide edible plant that grows in the Mediterranean region. In this study, a phytochemical investigation of <i>C. endivia</i> L. ethanolic extract led to the isolation of stigmasterol (<b>1</b>), ursolic acid (<b>2</b>), <i>β</i>-amyrin (<b>3</b>), azelaic acid (<b>4</b>), vanillic acid (<b>5</b>), (6S, 7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione (S(+)-dehydrovomifoliol) (<b>6</b>), 4-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid (<b>7</b>), vomifoliol (<b>8</b>), ferulic acid (<b>9</b>), protocatechuic acid (<b>10</b>), kaempferol (<b>11</b>), <i>p</i>. coumaric acid (<b>12</b>), and luteolin (<b>13</b>). In addition, the total phenolic content as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity of <i>C. endivia</i> L. extract were estimated. Moreover, we inspected the potential gonado-protective effect of <i>C. endivia</i> crude extract, its phenolic fraction, and the isolated coumaric, vanillic, and ferulic acids against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular injury in mice. There were seven groups: normal control, MTX control, MTX + <i>C. endivia</i> crude extract, MTX + <i>C. endivia</i> phenolic fraction, MTX + isolated coumaric acid, MTX + isolated vanillic acid, and MTX + isolated ferulic acid. MTX was given by i.p. injection of a 20 mg/kg single dose. The crude extract and phenolic fraction were given with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, whereas the compounds were given at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. A histopathological examination was done. The testosterone level was detected in serum together with the testicular content of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax), p53, and miR-29a. <i>C. endivia</i> crude extract, the phenolic fraction, and the isolated compounds showed significant elevation in their levels of testosterone, CAT, SOD, Bcl-2 with a significant decrease in their levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, Bax, P53, and miR-29a compared to those of the MTX control group. In conclusion, <i>C. endivia</i> mitigated MTX-induced germ cell toxicity via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects.
A. S. Shilyaeva, S. V. Kurapov, M. E. Zabolotnikov
et al.
Introduction. The article considers the modern Russian Cossacks as a complex social object in the trinity of interpersonal, intragroup and intrapersonal communications. The ethno markers of the Cossacks that influence the perception of “friend or foe” are determined; the problem of the concept of the network capital of the Cossacks is formulated.Methodology and sources. The section formulates the construction of network capital from the point of view of structuring social relations in the network approach, and from the point of view of the culture of interactive communication in the network space. The main approaches to the definition and measurement of network capital are shown, its specificity for the social group of Cossack youth is revealed. The network model of the Cossacks and Cossack youth is described as a whole and its part. The role of state-forming values in the Cossack environment is shown. The largest network Cossack youth organizations from different regions of Russia are presented.Results and discussion. The article describes the methodology for researching network capital, organized at the All-Russian Gathering of Cossack Youth in the fall of 2021 in the city of Krasnoyarsk. On the basis of four groups of values of the Cossack youth, namely social, personal, values of the Cossacks and values of the direct contact environment, a network analysis of positive and negative relationships, as well as relationships in subgroups of values, is carried out. As a comparative analysis, the results of measuring the network capital of students of the IT faculty of the evening department are used, which show a clear professional orientation and belonging to a generalized supranational community of IT specialists and a low team-building potential. The authors conclude that the construction of “network capital” is more often used in an empirical sense to obtain information about the mechanisms of access to resources or some kind of influence through network relations.Conclusion. In general, the theory of “network capital” is in the process of its formation and requires further scientific understanding. In the ongoing process of institutionalization of the Cossacks, contradictions often arise between the traditions and values of modern society, which the Cossack youth seeks to resolve in a compromise way. It is concluded that the network capital of the Cossack youth is in the stage of its active accumulation and continuous transformations.
A. A. Kuznetsov, V. V. Kharlamov, M. A. Volchanina
The article presents an algorithm for processing data by
the acoustic method of insulation power transformers.
The article presents data processing of diagnosing by the
acoustic method of power transformers. A feature of the
power supply system of railway transport is the location of
traction substations along the railway track. For diagnosing
power transformers advisable to use portable systems
based on acoustic monitoring of partial discharges due to
their high mobility and ease of installation. To improve the
reliability of diagnosis under the conditions of seasonal
temperature changes proposed use a defect simulator
and a differential method for measuring the parameters
of partial discharges. The scheme of the experiment and
the diagnostic algorithm are proposed. Expressions are
given that describe the properties of transformer oil with
temperature changes, and changes in signal parameters
during the propagation of acoustic waves. The data of
diagnostics obtained on a power transformer at positive and
negative temperatures under conditions of development of
an insulation defect accompanied by partial discharges are
presented.
Technological advancements in education have turned the idea of machines as teachers into a reality. To better understand this phenomenon, the present study explores how college students develop expectations (or anticipations) about a machine teacher, particularly an AI teaching assistant. Specifically, the study examines whether students’ previous experiences with online courses taught by a human teacher would influence their expectations about AI teaching assistants in future online courses. An online survey was conducted to collect data from college students in the United States. Findings indicate that positively experienced social presence of a human teacher helps develop positive expectations about an AI teaching assistant. The study provides meaningful implications and contributions to our understanding of a machine agent in education.