Hasil untuk "Diplomatics. Archives. Seals"

Péricles José Pires, Victor Matheus Batista Nascimento Sedovin, Ricardo Mendes Junior et al.

A investigação apresenta um tema emergente no campo da Ciência da Informação: a relação entre a competência digital do estudante com o uso de tecnologias digitais para aprendizagem. O foco do trabalho é entender como a competência em informação influencia a intenção de uso da tecnologia digital pelos estudantes quanto as informações para a sua aprendizagem. O objetivo é apresentar um modelo que explique esta possível relação, utilizando como suporte teórico modelos de uso e aceitação de tecnologia. Para tanto, ela adota um enfoque descritivo com abordagem quantitativa no seu desenvolvimento, com a aplicação de 280 questionários online com estudantes de graduação dos cursos de Administração, Economia, Contabilidade e Gestão da Informação da Universidade Federal do Paraná. A realização de testes estatísticos e a análise multivariada de dados analisou as relações de causa-efeito entre os construtos do modelo proposto na investigação. Como suporte estatístico, empregou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, com o uso do software SmartPLS versão 4.1. Os resultados indicaram a relação dos itens da competência em informações com a variável dependente intenção de uso. As hipóteses testadas indicaram que a facilidade de uso percebida quanto ao tratamento de busca e uso da informação são significativos. No entanto, não foi comprovada a relação direta entre a utilidade percebida e a competência em informação, somente comprovada quando está relacionada indiretamente através a facilidade de uso. Pode-se concluir que quanto maior for a facilidade de uso das informações obtidas maior será a intenção de uso de tecnologias digitais.

Fabiana Costa Dias

Os dicionários arquivísticos brasileiros não apresentam um consenso sobre o significado de aquisição, o que torna possível afirmar que se trata de um termo polissêmico. Ao comparar essa constatação com as funções arquivísticas, observa-se que a função aquisição proposta pelos canadenses não poderia ser contemplada com todos os significados atribuídos ao termo. Da mesma forma, procura-se entender em que medida a variedade de definições o descaracteriza como um conceito científico. Palavras-chave: aquisição; função arquivística; método aquisitivo.

Bruna Lessa

Este estudo analisa a exposição Memória Colonial no Museu Thyssen-Bornemizsa, em Madrid-Espanha, destacando a mediação documentária, sob perspectiva decolonial, na ressignificação da memória da escravidão e seus impactos. Aplicou-se abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas e análise documental. Os resultados mostram que a mediação documental estimula reflexão crítica sobre o legado colonial, ampliando significados socioculturais. Palavras-chave: mediação documentária; organização do conhecimento; consciência antirracista; museus; memória da escravidão.

Barbara Lipinski, Luciane de Fátima Beckman Cavalcante

Os centros culturais são aliados na preservação e disseminação da informação para a transformação da coletividade por meio da realização da mediação cultural ocorrida por intermédio de ações culturais. O artigo objetivou analisar se a mediação cultural promovida pelos bibliotecários do Centro Integrado de Cultura de Florianópolis contribui para a competência crítica em informação na comunidade em que se insere, ou seja, procurou mapear as ações culturais, as quais podem contribuir para a competência crítica em informação da comunidade local. A pesquisa caracterizou-se metodologicamente como básica, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, bem como por revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso, utilizando a entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta de dados e a técnica da análise categorial de Bardin para as análises. Os resultados apontaram que os bibliotecários atuam na Biblioteca de Arte e Cultura e no Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina, sendo a Biblioteca a promotora de 12 atividades culturais, das quais cinco contribuem para o desenvolvimento da competência crítica em informação. O estudo verificou que a mediação cultural, desenvolvida pelos bibliotecários, promoveu uma reflexão crítica da realidade na sociedade e, a partir disso, a pesquisa pôde refletir acerca do papel do bibliotecário e dos centros de cultura como agentes de (trans)formação social. Sugere-se que os bibliotecários possam buscar mais conhecimento no tocante às questões da mediação cultural e pensar em ações mais direcionadas à mediação cultural e à CCI, com a finalidade de atingirem um maior número de pessoas e contribuírem para um melhor entendimento da ação pelos sujeitos.

André Nunes de Azevedo, Érica Sarmiento da Silva

A partir de fontes de distintas naturezas, como a história oral, os processos de expulsão e os periódicos, o artigo objetiva narrar o envolvimento dos galegos no setor terciário, no comércio e na hotelaria, assim como a participação de parte desse grupo no radical Centro Cosmopolita. O envolvimento dos galegos no mundo do trabalho carioca mostra as suas estratégias de sobrevivência, bem como as suas redes de solidariedade e de exploração em ambientes que mesclavam hostilidade e solidariedade. Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro; imigração galega; associativismo; Centro Cosmopolita.

Iryna Matyash

Archiwum dyplomatyczne: dokumenty polskie (1918–1991) w archiwach ukraińskich Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych założeń idei „archiwum dyplomatycznego” oraz dokonanie przeglądu dokumentów, przechowywanych w archiwach państwowych Ukrainy, które pochodzą z polskich placówek dyplomatycznych i konsularnych i dotyczą polsko-ukraińskich relacji międzypaństwowych. W badaniu zastosowano podejście historyczne oraz metody heurystyki naukowej, analizy informacji i krytyki źródłowej. W artykule po raz pierwszy podjęto wszechstronną ocenę zawartości i treści dokumentów wchodzących w skład Archiwum Dyplomacji Ukrainy, wytworzonych przez polskie placówki działające w URL i USRR, a także materiały służb USRR z lat 1918–1991, dotyczące polskich dyplomatów. W podsumowaniu zwrócono uwagę, że polska część Archiwum Dyplomacji Ukrainy nie jest kompletna. Stanowią ją dokumenty dotyczące kontaktów placówek polskich z władzami i instytucjami kraju gospodarza: projekty i teksty traktatów i konwencji; dokumentacja listów uwierzytelniających, składanych przez kierowników polskich placówek dyplomatycznych i konsulatów, oficjalna korespondencja na szczeblu naczelnych władz obu państw, dokumentacja wytworzona przez polskie placówki dyplomatyczne i konsulaty w kraju gospodarza, materiały związane z wykonywaniem funkcji konsularnych, dokumentacja audiowizualna, materiały służb specjalnych i organów partyjnych dotyczące działalności polskich placówek dyplomatycznych i konsularnych. Autorka zwraca uwagę na potrzebę opracowania wspólnych pomocy informacyjnych, obejmujących polskie i ukraińskie archiwa dyplomatyczne.

Sorcha Thomson, Pelle Valentin Olsen, Sune Haugbølle

Abstract This article maps the internationalization of the Palestinian cause by studying the participants, groups, and themes at Palestinian solidarity conferences held in 1969–70. Examining such conferences reveals the extent of communication and ideological debate between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and international solidarity activists at an important juncture in the internationalization of the Palestinian liberation movement. The article makes the methodological point that international conferences organized by the PLO and other Palestinian institutions can function as an alternative archive that complements the traditional archives of diplomatic and intellectual history. Read in tandem with extant Palestinian sources, the paper trail left by international conferences mitigates the scattered and precarious status of Palestinian archives.

Guy Burak, Natalie Rothman, Heather L. Ferguson

Abstract This essay addresses the revival of culturalist assumptions in historical archival studies and suggests an alternative framework. Rather than provenance, it privileges textual circulation; rather than civilizational divides between supposedly distinct “European” and “Islamic” archivalities, it highlights mutability and commensurability as defining elements of a broadly shared, if inherently dynamic, internally complex, and transactionally defined early modern archivality. We first show how the historiography on early modern archives has inadvertently perpetuated a myopic Eurocentric view of the centralized archive as a key aspect of European archivality. We analyze how the construct “Islamic archivality,” when proffered as a comparative counterpoint to such European archivality, not only promotes an outdated understanding of “Islam” (and, indeed “Europe”) as a discrete, transhistorical phenomenon, but rests on a limited set of mostly pre-Ottoman, medieval examples. By positing “Islam” as fundamentally premodern, this historiography sidesteps significant shared late antique genealogies of textual practices and mobilities across a vast early modern region that traverses modern continental/civilizational configurations. In lieu of the prevalent comparative mode, which juxtaposes civilizational blocs and then selectively contrasts specific archival institutions and practices, we suggest concentrating on intersections and circulations of documents and practices across ethnolinguistic, territorial, and juridical boundaries. Drawing on examples from our research in Ottoman diplomatic archives, we challenge scholars of early modern archivality to move beyond fixed notions of “European,” and “non-European,” “centralized” and “decentralized” archives, and “original” and “copy,” as primary indices of comparison, and attend to the social life of documents and their mutability through circulation.

Bilal Ali Kotil

Abstract The European mobilization to end the African slave trade in the nineteenth century was articulated in a language of philanthropy and sympathy. In this essay, I explore this history within the context of the Ottoman Empire. As the British pressured the Ottoman government to prohibit slavery, foreign consulates in the empire turned into places of refuge for captured and runaway domestic slaves. The extraterritorial nature of British interventions was repeatedly countered by Ottomans referring to international law and sovereign independence. Drawing on Ottoman and British diplomatic sources, I provide the debate on slavery and argue how it was about slavery as much as it was about paternalism and compassion. I propose to see international history as generative of larger questions about imperial subjectivity by focusing on connections between international law, domestic arrangements, and intimacy. To do so, I use diplomatic archives as a source of social history. My work shows how the cultivation of humanitarian sensibilities took place within an intricate network of colonial politics. Hence, it calls for attention to the converging histories of the Ottoman Empire and Europe to understand the historical development of humanitarianism and international law.

A. Knüsel

During the Cold War, the People's Republic of China used Switzerland as headquarters for its economic, political, intelligence, and cultural networks in Europe. Based on extensive research in Western and Chinese archives, China's European Headquarters charts not only how Switzerland came to play this role, but also how Chinese networks were built in practice, often beyond the public face of official proclamations and diplomatic interactions. By tracing the development of Sino-Swiss relations in the Cold War, Ariane Knüsel sheds new light on the People's Republic of China's formulation and implementation of foreign policy in Europe, Latin America and Africa and Switzerland's efforts to align neutrality, humanitarian engagement, and economic interests.

Yehonatan Abramson, G. Heimann, Zohar Kampf

Personal commitments are a ubiquitous but undertheorized phenomenon in the everyday wheels of world politics. While resonating with multiple threads in international relations theory, the role of individuals’ commitments in statecraft, diplomacy, and foreign policy has hardly been addressed in and of itself. Drawing on insights from symbolic interactionism and organizational psychology, this article conceptualizes the notion of commitment highlighting its omnipresence in foreign policy and diplomatic practice. Specifically, the article demonstrates the analytical cache of the notion of commitment by focusing on moments when state-agents deviated from their commitment to the national interest, acting on behalf of other foci of commitment. Relying on Israeli, French, and EU diplomatic archives, we examine three illustrative case studies that show how and why state-agents dedicate time, energy, and resources to advance interests other than those of the state.

Pete Millwood

In 1971, Americans made two historic visits to China that would transform relations between the two countries. One was by US official Henry Kissinger; the other, earlier, visit was by the US table tennis team. Historians have mulled over the transcripts of Kissinger's negotiations with Chinese leaders. However, they have overlooked how, alongside these diplomatic talks, a rich program of travel and exchange had begun with ping-pong diplomacy. Improbable Diplomats reveals how a diverse cast of Chinese and Americans – athletes and physicists, performing artists and seismologists – played a critical, but to date overlooked, role in remaking US-China relations. Based on new sources from more than a dozen archives in China and the United States, Pete Millwood argues that the significance of cultural and scientific exchanges went beyond reacquainting the Chinese and American people after two decades of minimal contact; exchanges also powerfully influenced Sino-American diplomatic relations and helped transform post-Mao China.

Z. T. Plieva, B. Tuaeva, Z. Kanukova et al.

The authors analyze the activities of Iran's consular services in the Caucasus, their role in Russian-Caucasian diplomatic relations, in particular, in the processes of Iranian labor migrants’ adaptation to host societies. The authors aim to expand historical knowledge of Iranians’ staying in the Caucasus, to restore a complete picture of the history of migration processes in the region. There are revealed the features of Iranian-Caucasian diplomatic relations in the pre-Soviet period, the situation of migrants and their legal support, the activities of the consulates in preserving the Iranian cultural identity, internal and external problems in Iran’s consular services. There have been introduced into scientific use the documents of political and consular missions of Iran in the Caucasus for 1905-1911 stored in the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, materials of Iranian periodicals of the period under consideration, as well as the personal files of the vice-consuls stored in the Persian Table Foundation (f. 144) of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. They made it possible to determine the significant contribution of consular services to the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The conclusion is made about the greatest success of these relations in the Terek region, which is due to the favorable conditions of its developing economy for labor migrants and such subjective factors as the personal qualities of a number of vice-consuls, the level of their interaction with the Russian authorities. The activities of the vice-consuls successfully combined the promotion of the incorporation of migrants into the Russian economy and culture with the creation of conditions for the preservation of Iranian cultural identity.

M. Winward

What explains regional variations in the frequency and form of mass categorical violence? I first develop then test, via process tracing, a theory to answer this question. Employing process tracing in Central Java during the 1965–66 Indonesian Killings, I argue that these variations are conditioned by state intelligence capacity. Low intelligence capacity forces troops to rely upon civilian elites for information. This provides opportunities for civilian elites to widen targeting criteria, increasing the number of victims. Due to logistical constraints, security forces are also more likely to opt for lethal violence when they have low intelligence capacity, as they frequently struggle with caring for such large numbers of detainees. I further illustrate these findings by comparing the provinces of West Java and East Java. Data for this project is drawn from diplomatic archives, internal military publications, and a series of interviews with victims and participants in the Indonesian Killings.

Alessandro Antonello

The Greening of Antarctica investigates the development of an international regime of environmental protection and management for Antarctica between the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 and the signing of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. During those two decades the parties to the Antarctic Treaty and an international community of scientists surrounding the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research reimagined Antarctica from being a cold, sterile, and abiotic wilderness into a fragile and extensive regional ecosystem. This book investigates this change by analyzing the negotiations and developments surrounding four environmental agreements: the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora in 1964, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals in 1972, a voluntary restraint resolution on Antarctic mining in 1977, and the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. The development of the Antarctic Treaty and the related conceptual changes occurred because states and scientists were continually searching for authority and power within various realms. All actors were balancing their search for power and authority with the desire to maintain stability and peace in the region. In this international and diplomatic context, the actors were not simply trying to keep relations between themselves orderly; they were also ordering the human relationship with the environment through treaties.

Luis Amela Valverde

La serie monetal RRC 441/1 fue emitida a inicios del año 49 a.C. cuando había ya estalla-do la guerra civil entre C. Julio César (cos. I 59 a.C.) y el Senado. Significado y lugar de acuñación.

Benjamin Leffel

This article explores the nature of city diplomacy using newly available archives chronicling the ‘municipal foreign policy movement’ of the 1980s, in which US city governments intervened directly in late Cold War foreign affairs issues. Cases covered include US city governments’ involvement in the nuclear free zone movement, the Central American crisis and the anti-Apartheid movement throughout the 1980s. A theoretical synthesis of literature in world society theory, diplomatic studies and social movement theory is used to explain the normative, macro-sociological, legal, democratic and sociopolitical dynamics of contentious city-government intervention in foreign affairs. Emphasizing the normative processes at play, this article argues through a world society theoretical interpretation that ‘municipal foreign policy’ efforts represent local-level codification of universal norms that the US federal government either neglected to enforce or directly violated.

A. Poste, M. Pastukhov, H. F. V. Braaten et al.

Documenta & Instrumenta

Estadísticas anuales

Álvaro Ibáñez Chacón

The ms. <em>Gud. lat.</em> 148 contains the most complete copy of the <em>Liber monstrorum</em>, in which the copyist has used typical resources of advertising writing to highlight specific parts of the work (<em>incipit/ explicit, índices</em>, intertitles, capitals) and also to fulfill with their paratextual functions in a paleographical level.