Agung Eka Mulya Dharma, Dian Bakti Setiawan, Khairul Fahmi
Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah mengamanatkan bahwa salah satu tugas Gubernur sebagai Wakil Pemerintah Pusat adalah melakukan pengawasan terhadap Bupati/Walikota. Dalam melaksanakan tugas tersebut, Gubernur berwenang memberikan sanksi administratif kepada Bupati/Walikota. Gubernur dapat memberikan sanksi terhadap 16 pelanggaran administratif yang dilakukan oleh Bupati atau Wali Kota. Namun demikian, terdapat fenomena dimana Gubernur sebagai Wakil Pemerintah Pusat tidak dapat memberikan sanksi kepada Bupati atau Wali Kota, meskipun telah melakukan tindakan yang dianggap tidak sesuai atau tidak patut dalam kerangka hierarki pemerintahan daerah. Hal tersebut menjadi dasar penelitian ini, khususnya: 1. Bagaimana pengawasan yang dilakukan Gubernur sebagai Wakil Pemerintah Pusat terhadap Bupati/Walikota? 2. Bagaimana ketentuan yang mengatur sanksi administratif terhadap Bupati/Walikota dalam rangka tugas pengawasan Gubernur sebagai Wakil Pemerintah Pusat? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan melalui penelitian hukum yang mengkaji doktrin dan asas dalam ilmu hukum. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1. Dalam menjatuhkan Sanksi Administratif Gubernur sebagai Wakil Pemerintah Pusat memiliki kewenangan yang terbatas, karena adanya penyempitan ruang lingkup penjatuhan sanksi administratif dalam rezim Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 dibandingkan dengan rezim Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004. Keterbatasan dan penyempitan tersebut mengakibatkan tidak optimalnya penegakan hukum administrasi oleh Gubernur terhadap Bupati/Walikota. 2. Pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Gubernur sebagai wakil Pemerintah Pusat kepada Bupati/Walikota merupakan turunan dari teori negara kesatuan, pengawasan tersebut sangat penting untuk menjaga keutuhan negara kesatuan. Pengawasan Gubernur terhadap Bupati/Walikota merupakan instrumen penegakan hukum administrasi sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Daerah selain instrumen lain sanksi administrasi.
This open access collection of 17 original essays is the first volume to provide an in-depth exploration of the potential of a rights-based approach to criminal law. The book presents a comprehensive treatment of the role of rights in criminal law, ranging from a conceptual analysis and questions of justified criminalisation, to specific legal implications for substantive criminal law and criminal procedure. The collection addresses the academic and practical questions that are related to individual entitlements protected by criminal law, including: - Who currently holds and who should hold a right not to be wronged by others? - Is it a violation of individual rights, rather than the infliction of harm, that constitutes a reason for criminalisation? - Does the idea of criminal law as regulating interpersonal legal relations contradict its public character? Furthermore, the collection provides a theoretical framework for the study of consent and sexual offences, investigates the background of ideas of restorative justice, and explores both the victim’s and the offender’s rights in prosecution and trial. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
CONFLITO NEGATIVO DE COMPETÊNCIA. PENAL. IDEALIZAÇÃO DE ROUBO DE AGÊNCIA DOS CORREIOS. COGITAÇÃO E ATOS PREPARATÓRIOS. TENTATIVA. INEXISTÊNCIA. INCIDÊNCIA APENAS DO ART. 14 DO ESTATUTO DO DESARMAMENTO. 1. Nos termos do art. 14, inciso II, do Código Penal, só há tentativa quando, iniciada a conduta delituosa, o crime não se consuma por fatores alheios à intenção do agente. 2. Na hipótese em tela, não se verificou qualquer ato de execução, mas somente a cogitação e os atos preparatórios dos acusados que confessaram a intenção de roubar determinada agência dos correios. Descabida, pois, a imputação do crime de roubo idealizado. 3. A conduta preparatória de portar ilegalmente arma de fogo de uso permitido subsume-se ao art. 14 da Lei n.º 10.826/2003, evidenciando a competência da Justiça Estadual. 4. Conflito conhecido para declarar competente o Juízo de Direito da 3ª Vara de Bacabal/MA.
Criminal law and procedure, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Este texto faz uma análise crítica dos conceitos de “verdade” alicerçados em Tarski e presentes nas epistemologias de Taruffo, Ferrer Beltrán e Ferrajoli. Parte de uma perspectiva decolonial, com base em Quijano, Mignolo e Dussel, para propor uma epistemologia “transmoderna” libertadora que, desde a “margem”, pretende integrar a tradição “periférica” de Direito Processual Penal com o melhor da modernidade e da pós-modernidade.
Criminal law and procedure, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Kaye N. Ballantyne, Stephanie Summersby, James R. Pearson
et al.
There have been numerous calls for increased transparency and disclosure in forensic science. However, there is a paucity of guidance on how to achieve this transparency in reports, and the impacts it may have on criminal justice proceedings. We describe one multi-disciplinary forensic laboratory's journey to fully transparent reporting, disclosing matters of scientific relevance and importance. All expert reports across 17 disciplines now contain information regarding the fundamental principles and methodology, validity and error, assumptions and limitations, competency testing and quality assurance, cognitive factors, and areas of scientific controversy. Staff support for transparent reporting increased following introduction, with most reporting largely positive impacts. A slight increase in questioning in court has been experienced, with increased legal attention paid to the indicia of scientific validity. Transparency in expert forensic science reports is possible, and can improve the use of scientific evidence in courts without compromising the timeliness of service.
Public Relations (PR), a significant component of the media industry, also represents a management function that helps establish and maintain beneficial connections between the organization and various stakeholders. The evolution of the public relations profession is commonly perceived as a qualitative shift from the unethical practices that dominated several decades since the 1920s to strategically and ethically conducted campaigns in contemporary business. However, when considering the practice of PR in the first decades of the 21st century, numerous concerns arise regarding ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and, consequently, the ethical decisionmaking process. The main objective of this paper is to offer an overview of ethics and its development in PR. The application of ethical principles based on utilitarian, deontological, situational and virtue approaches is discussed. This study also analyzes the most frequently encountered ethical problems in contemporary PR practice. Finally, the paper delves into some models of the ethical decision-making process and discusses the legal consequences of PR.
Restorative justice has received attention in settlement of criminal cases in Indonesia. The settlement of cases in restorative justice has not been regulated in the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. This concept is only regulated through regulations set by law enforcement agencies in the criminal justice system. The question of this research is how to implement restorative justice in solving cases in Indonesia? What is the model of restorative justice in the regulations and applied to customary law communities in Indonesia? This research is a doctrinal or normative legal research method. Restorative justice has been implemented in indigenous peoples in various parts of Indonesia, such as the Balinese indigenous peoples, the Bajawa indigenous peoples, Flores East Nusa Tenggara, the Lampung indigenous peoples and the Karo Batak indigenous peoples. The model of restorative justice that the Indonesian people have practiced is known as the Safeguard System. A model designed to handle case resolution through a restorative approach. Communities have various restoration programs as the primary means of dealing with various problems. The concept of restorative justice, applied in investigation, prosecution and court, adheres to a dual-track system model. This model is an alternative companion to the criminal justice system. The conflicting parties will be given the freedom to choose how to settle criminal cases. If the efforts through the restorative approach are successful, the settlement through the criminal justice system will be abolished.
Criminal Justice Procedure (CJP) can be described as the collective means through which a person accused of an offence passes until the accusations have been disposed of or the assessed punishment concluded. Arguably, CJP in Nigeria took an enviable turn around with the enactment of a new principal enactment, Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) which has repositioned the CJP in Nigeria by addressing the seemingly inadequacies in Criminal Procedure Act (CPA) and Criminal Procedure Code (CPC), harmonizing the CPA and CPC, codifying most age-long judicial pronouncements on CPA and CPC and addressing human rights abuses in erstwhile applicable laws thereby catapulting the CJP in Nigeria to an enviable position in the comity of nations. Recent judicial pronouncements in Nigeria on ACJA are worrisome and questions the readiness of the Judiciary as a stakeholder in Criminal Justice System to address the menace of delay in criminal trials which the ACJA aimed to address by introducing novel provisions target towards speedy dispensation of justice in criminal trials. The research methodology used in this study is systematic review and normative, by analyzing principal and secondary enactments in Nigerian CJP with judicial interpretations. While emphasizing the prospects of the ACJA, this paper also highlighted the challenges and suggested solutions to same. Despite its defects, the ACJA is a landmark development in the Nigerian Criminal Justice Procedure and all States of the Federation are therefore enjoined to domesticate the law.
Clinical and forensic toxicology are critically involved in the acquisition of basic skills to correctly suspect intoxication, collect biological and non-biological materials for toxicological analysis, comprehend the complexities inherent to laboratory activity, and understand the fundamentals of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics that underlie the interpretation of results. This works presents a pedagogical innovation proposal for the teaching of clinical and forensic toxicology based on a compilation of more than 3 000 cases where the image was fulcra for suspicion. The experience in this article follows the model practiced in bachelors, masters, and PhD degrees, as well as in other continuing training courses, where we are teaching toxicology for more than 15 years. All these levels of education are considered fundamental to the sound development of this science. This approach aims also to offer strength to the intervention of the true toxicologist in all the toxicological phases, besides the classic analytical chemistry. Indeed, it is impossible to provide effective clinical and forensic toxicological interpretations without a proper and broad education, and not thinking exclusively in terms of laboratory techniques. In the future, it will be interesting to evaluate knowledge retention and to propose a database of videos of signs related to intoxications.KEY POINTSA pedagogical innovation proposal for the teaching of forensic and clinical toxicology is presented.A universal and never-ending atlas of phtotographs related to signs of intoxications have been compile.Offering to our students an integrated teaching of clinical and forensic toxicology is crucial since both are grounded in analogous toxicological principles and are mutually dependent.
Criminal law and procedure, Public aspects of medicine
The burden of proof, a notion specific to the medieval Roman-canonical process but alien to the four Roman procedural systems, ought to have become obsolete with the introduction of the free assessment of evidence. However, doctrinal and jurisprudential inertia in the use of traditional concepts, as well as the conservation of biphasic processes in legal systems of Anglo-Saxon origin, including the Roman-canonical process, have favoured the persistence of a notion that, when observed objectively, has ceased to have any legitimate practical value in current judicial processes.
Cruelty to animals is a complex phenomenon that causes negative consequences
for both animals and children who are prone to such behaviour. A timely and
adequate reaction of key actors, who influence the upbringing of children
and those responsible for the protection of victims, is necessary to prevent
unfavourable outcomes for both victims and perpetrators. The paper aims to
point out the specifics of animal cruelty, theoretical explanations of this
phenomenon, as well as risk and related factors that are important for
understanding the phenomenon. Special attention in the paper is paid to
considering the possibility of preventive action to prevent and suppress
animal cruelty.
Penerapan Unsur Subyektif Pada Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Kerja Pekerja Akibat Faktor Alam Pada Tambang Batu Bara Bawah Tanah Pada Oleh Satreskrim Polres Sawahlunto adalah menerapkan pertanggungjawaban pidananya kepada Kepala Teknik Tambang (KTT), maka dugaan atas peristiwa tersebut adalah Pasal 359 KUHP dimana unsur yang terpenuhi kegagalan pengawasan oleh Kepala Teknik Tambang karena harus mengawasi 16 lubang tambang bawah tanah, Kurangnya peralatan keselamatan kerja khususnya alat pengukur debit udara, dan sling psykometer untuk mengukur kelembapan udara, dan Kurangnya peralatan keselamatan kerja khususnya alat pengukur debit udara, dan sling psykometer untuk mengukur kelembapan udara, maka hal ini dapat dikatakan sebagai perbuatan kelalaian / Kealpaan akibat, karena Kepala Teknik Tambang tidak melakukan pengawasan dan pengecekan rutin seperti apa yang seharusnya diperbuat menurut hukum tertulis. Hambatan Bagi Penyidik Dalam Menerapkan Unsur Subyektif Pada Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Kerja Pekerja Akibat Faktor Alam Pada Tambang Batu Bara Bawah Tanah Pada Oleh Satreskrim Polres Sawahlunto Saat Penyidik melakukan tindakan olah TKP penyidik kesulitan dalam pencarian bukti-bukti awal terjadinya pelanggaran atau tindak pidana kecelakaan kerja dikarenakan pelaku selalu mengelak dan berdalih. Rendahnya Pendidikan terhadap pelaku yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana sehingga penyidik mengalami kesulitan dalam meminta keterangan yang jelas dikarenakan pelaku pelanggaran memiliki keterbatasan pengetahuan. Penyidik sangat kesulitan menentukan jenis-jenis kecelakaan kerja apa saja yang dilarang karena dalam undang-undang tidak dijelaskan secara rinci jenis-jenis tindak pidana kecelakaan kerja. Dalam proses penyidikan sulit mencari keterangan para saksi, karna para pekerja sengaja menutup-nutupi kasus tersebut karena takut mereka akan kehilangan mata pencariannya.
Rian Saputra, Muhammad Khalif Ardi, Pujiyono Pujiyono
et al.
The research stems from Decision Number 224 PK/PID.SUS/2018 which grants the application for judicial review (hereinafter abbreviated as PK) by a suspected narcotics abuser with a novum (new evidence) in the form of previous judges' decisions. In this case, this study aims to conceptualize how the regulation of PK legal remedies in criminal cases should be. This research is a normative legal research, the approach used is a case approach, a comparative approach, and a conceptual approach, with a literature study research technique. After knowing the arguments for the admissibility of submitting a PK in the form of a District Court Decision, the author makes several comparisons with the Criminal Procedure Code (America and France), and concludes based on this comparison that the use of the basis for submitting a PK should be regulated clearly and firmly in the Criminal Procedure Code, because the two countries in its criminal procedural law it expressly states that the submission of a PK must be based on new facts and evidence which, if presented at the previous trial, has the potential to reduce or even abort the prosecution's charge
AbstractMany codes advocating public morals have been challenged during recent years. The decriminalization of immoral acts, as one of the most important aspects of modern criminal law, has been rooted in the arguments of scholars such as John Stuart Mill and Joel Feinberg on the state intervention in individual liberties. These scholars by developing freedom restricting principles have advocated a kind of minimalist criminalization in the sphere of public morality. Moreover, the international human rights law system, in an effort to balance cultural diversity and universal values, has endorsed public morality as one of the permissible restrictions on unrestricted civil-political liberties. In fact, following developments in the performance of governments in the field of public morality, the international human rights system, by providing a progressive interpretation of the principles governing criminalization, reject the legal moralism has attempted to defend a kind of rights-oriented criminalization that protects the rights and freedoms of vulnerable people.
Homicides are usually apparent before an autopsy is conducted in the majority of cases. However, those that reveal minimal injuries pose a challenge in the determination of the cause of death. Occasionally, pathologists are faced with cases where the history and circumstances surrounding the death indicate violence, while autopsy findings show marginal or no trauma. We report five cases composed of three males and two females with ages ranging from late teens to the late eighties. All the male cases were autopsied after a long burial period after being killed on suspicion of witchcraft and theft. The females were autopsied a few days after been discovered in hostile environments. The autopsy findings in all the cases showed marginal or no injuries and did not elucidate a specific mechanism of death. The cause of death opinion was determined as homicidal violence in all the cases. Homicidal violence is a descriptive cause of death based on the history and totality of the circumstances surrounding the death. In conclusion, the cause of death opinion “homicidal violence” has a place in medicolegal death investigations.
In digital forensics, the concept of a ‘digital artefact’ exists; coined here as ‘a digital object containing data which may describe the past, present or future use or function of a piece of software, application or device for which it is attributable to’. In almost all digital investigations, a practitioner will query any digital artefacts resident on any device subject to examination in order to establish the presence of potentially evidential information. Whilst on face value this task appears straightforward, in reality, the pace of change within technology can lead to a practitioner encountering many unknown or previously unseen artefacts with undocumented functionalities. This creates state of ‘catch-up’ in regards to investigatory techniques and knowledge as practitioners must seek to ascertain the relevance of such data through additional research and testing. Yet, the demands placed upon the role of the practitioner may prevent engagement in the testing and evaluation of new digital artefacts, leaving them reliant on the timely publication and dissemination of forensic research (whether academic, industry or vendor produced) as a support mechanism. Whilst digital artefact research has a clear applied value, the difficulty of measuring its impact means that it may not always be considered of worth by academic communities and their publication platforms. As a result, this work champions the need for ‘digital artefact’ research, calling for increased engagement in this form of research to support the forensic community. Keywords: Digital forensics, Digital artefact, Forensics, Research, Forensic science, Investigation
The certification of a land right for micro business and small is a government program which is implemented by National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional). The program has purpose to provide certainty and legal protection for a right holder of a land and it is expected to alleviate the problems of micro business and small that do not have land right certificate. It can be committed by enhancing the access to capital of banks, so that, both of them can be more developed in order to improve people’s welfare. The findings of this study are based on two problems above. First, the issuance process of land right certificate for micro business and small in the district Sijunjung consists of pre-certification, certification, and post-certification. (1) Pre-certification of a land, is the authority of Department of Cooperatives, Industry, and Trade in the district Sijunjung. (2) Certification of a land right, is the authority of the National Land agency in the district Sijunjung. (3) Post-certification of a land right, is the authority of Department of Cooperatives, Industry, and Trade . Second, the implications of the issuance of land right certificate for both micro and small in the district Siunjung are: (1) ensuring legal certainty and legal protection for rights holders over land ownership, (2) providing the information required in performing legal acts of land affairs to related departments, (3) Resolve the land disputes, such as dispute of state administrative, civil, and criminal, (4) Land right certificate for micro and small owned by people or society can be used as collateral in banks to access the capital.
Elodie Demeau, Miguel Eduardo Vargas Monroy, Karolan Jeffrey
Over the past two decades, the rapid growth of the Internet has led to important changes in criminal activities, offering new opportunities and facilitating certain types of crime such as illegal trafficking. Wildlife trafficking, specifically, is constantly increasing worldwide and constitutes a threat not only to many species’ survival but also to national and international security. The illegal trade of wildlife has been examined by researchers through many theoretical frameworks; however, the ways it has been affected by the Internet has not received a lot of attention. More so, whilst some researches suggest that the physical markets of wildlife and drug share similarities, their respective virtual markets have not been compared yet. Thus, this article builds on an in-depth review of the current literature to not only look into these gaps but also to make recommendations for future empirical researches on the issue of animal trafficking. This article highlights the need for more empirical research on the matter of online wildlife trafficking and, falling into the green criminological perspective, argue for all the wild species to be given equal rights regardless of the threat they may face.