Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

VIKRANT MODI , BHARAT KUMAR MEHER, AMAN SHREEVASTAVA et al.

Organizational conflict has become an increasingly significant issue in higher educational institutions due to evolving academic roles, administrative complexities, and heightened performance expectations. This study aims to examine faculty perceptions of the factors contributing to organizational conflict in higher education institutions in India and to assess how these conflicts influence faculty performance. Adopting a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from faculty members across selected higher educational institutions using a structured questionnaire. The study identifies key sources of organizational conflict, including role ambiguity, workload imbalance, communication gaps, leadership and governance issues, perceived organizational politics, and resource constraints. The findings indicate that unresolved organizational conflicts negatively affect faculty motivation, job satisfaction, and performance in teaching and research activities. The study highlights the importance of effective conflict management mechanisms, transparent administrative practices, and participative decision-making to foster a positive academic work environment. By providing empirical insights specific to the Indian higher education context, this research contributes to existing literature and offers practical implications for institutional leaders and policymakers aiming to enhance faculty performance and institutional effectiveness.

NEAGU (ION) ANA-REBECA , GORE BEATRICE-ELENA , ION LAURENȚIU-EDUARD et al.

This paper we have examined the vulnerability of accounting data to cyber attacks and the limits of protection afforded to it to counterbalance the benefits of the digital era (Bellanova, 2017), so that we can conclude whether digitization brings sufficient benefits to cover the inherent shortcomings. The solutions proposed to businesses by professionals in the field regarding the potetization of accounting data are vast (Gutwirth et al., 2010) and can sometimes mislead the decision maker, i.e. lead to the wrong decision on the most efficient and adapted solution to the business needs. This paper examines the risks experienced by businesses, at the economic level, as a result of increasingly prevalent fraudulent behaviours originating from both the internal and external environment of the company, fostered by the digitalization of the accounting profession and the accounting professional's reaction to these challenges. According to Weinberger (2011), Big Data is an indicator of the changes undergone by businesses in the market, changes due to the impact of information in digital format, which is too numerous to master and control (Aradau et al., 2015).

Leomarich F. Casinillo, Jonecis A. Dayap, Melbert O. Hungo et al.

This research aimed to characterize the various sources of motivation among secondary teachers. The study employed random sampling to choose the sample participants, and primary data was collected. The data were analyzed using standard descriptive metrics, factor analysis, and K-means clustering. Results showed that secondary teachers are motivated (M=3.74, SD=0.54) in their school assignments. The factor analysis portrayed that the source of motivation of teachers can be categorized into two groups: personal benefits (Factor 1) and school leadership management (Factor 2). In addition, the K-means clustering depicted that 44.19% of the secondary teachers have low motivation (Cluster 1), and 55.81% are highly motivated in teaching (Cluster 2). In conclusion, some teachers are less motivated in their current jobs due to low satisfaction with the benefits and school management. The study suggests that to increase teaching motivation and productivity, teachers must be compensated for their hard work and develop quality school management that promotes well-being.

Ilyas LAIDANI, Torkia DJERBOUB

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر تطبيق الإستراتيجيات الفردية لإدارة ضغوط العمل بالأبعاد التالية)البحث عن الدعم الاجتماعي، إدارة الوقت، التأمل والاسترخاء، الإستعانة بالدين( على الأداء الوظيفي  ثلاثة مؤسسات عمومية للصحة الجوارية بولاية تيارت، ولتحقيق ذلك وزعت 44 استمارة استبيان على عمال المؤسسات محل الدراسة، وفي الأخير توصلنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: وجود أثر إيجابي للإستراتيجيات الفردية لإدارة ضغوط العمل على الأداء الوظيفي، وأن استراتيجية إدارة الوقت هي الإستراتيجية الأكثر استخداما من قبل عمال المؤسسات الصحية محل الدراسة.  This study aims to identify the effect of applying individual strategies to manage work stress in the following dimensions (Seeking social support, time management, meditation and relaxation, seeking help from religion) on job performance in three public health institutions in Tiaret, to achieve this, 44 questionnaires were distributed to the workers of the institutions under study. Finally, we reached a set of results, which are: There is a positive impact of individual strategies for managing work stress on job performance, and that the time management strategy is the most used strategy by the workers of the health institutions under study.

J. Galeana-Pizaña, S. Couturier, Ruth A. Dávila Figueroa et al.

Abstract CONTEXT The challenge of food security has become more relevant in global agendas given growing food demands and the persistence of hunger and undernutrition. Due to the needs for addressing food security, there is considerable interest in identifying major drivers, especially in the case of emerging economies with asymmetric agricultural systems involving smallholder and industrial agriculture. OBJECTIVE The present study proposes a conceptual model to identify how the structure of the agricultural systems in Mexico relates to food availability, accessibility, and utilization. METHODS Our rural food security conceptual model was tested using structural equation modeling at the national and ecoregion scales. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Food availability and food accessibility showed a stronger influence than food utilization on the modeled food security concept at both scales. Among a total of 81 statistically significant path relationships between agricultural attributes and food security, the presence of smallholder agriculture accounted for 52 (primarily through small farm size, high crop diversity, low agricultural expansion and economic diversification) while commercial agriculture accounted for 29, primarily through market commercialization of the produces and irrigation practice. Our findings suggest that agroecologically efficient cultivation systems, including the milpa system, are widespread, highly productive, and substantially contribute to food security in the Temperate Sierras. Small-scale irrigation support programs for smallholder multi-cropping farms have great potential in drier ecoregions to solve for the current food security challenges in Mexico. To fully value food security assets of the milpa cultivation system, the authors urge the inclusion of more agroecological parameters in the agricultural census. SIGNIFICANCE The modeling and analytical approaches employed in this study are proposed to identify and geographically differentiate influences of the agricultural systems on food security in the Global South and can adapt any spatial unit, geographic disaggregation, and data type.

امیرحسین غفاری نژاد, مجید مداح

رقابت سیاسی از عوامل مهم در بهبود عملکرد اقتصادی است؛ رشد رقابت سیاسی امکان حضور نخبگان در نظام سیاسی را افزایش می‌دهد و با محدود کردن رانت‌های سیاسی و تسلط بر منابع اقتصادی توسط گروه‌های ویژه، سیاست‌مداران را وادار به تنظیم سیاست‌های اقتصادی در جهت افزایش رفاه شهروندان می‌کند. بر این اساس استدلال می‌شود افزایش رقابت سیاسی، کارایی اقتصادی را بهبود می‌بخشد. چنین رویکردی گسترش رقابت سیاسی را مورد توجه حکومت‌ها قرار می‌دهد. این مقاله، موقعیت نسبی استان‏های کشور از حیث شاخص رقابت سیاسی و همچنین بررسی تغییرات آن در سطح استان‌ها را بررسی می‌کند تا وضعیت شاخص رقابت سیاسی، به‌عنوان یک مؤلفه مهم در عملکرد اقتصاد منطقه‌ای، ارزیابی شود. در فرضیه تحقیق اولاً پراکندگی قابل ملاحظه‌ای بین نواحی مختلف از‌حیث رقابت سیاسی وجود دارد و ثانیاً، عملکرد این نوع رقابت در کشور تاکنون مطابق انتظار نبوده است. در این راستا، بر پایه شاخص‌های مختلف رقابت سیاسی یک شاخص جامع رقابت سیاسی بر پایه روش ریشه میانگین مجموع مجذورات معرفی و اندازه‌گیری و سپس وضعیت شاخص رقابت سیاسی در سطح استان‌های کشور طی سال‌های 1379 تا 1398 ارزیابی می‌شود. نتایج نشان می‌دهند اولاً ازنظر شاخص رقابت سیاسی پراکندگی قابل ملاحظه‌ای بین نواحی مختلف وجود دارد به‌طوری‌که استان‌های کشور را به سه سطح رقابت سیاسی پایین، متوسط و بالا می‌توان طبقه‌بندی کرد. ثانیاً روند متوسط شاخص رقابت سیاسی طی دوره 20 ساله در استان‌های کشور عموماً نزولی است که با توجه به نقش رقابت سیاسی در عملکرد منطقه‌ای باید سیاست‌های لازم برای رشد رقابت سیاسی در سطح ملی و منطقه‌ای تدوین شود.

CARAIMAN ADRIAN-COSMIN

Life cycle cost is a widely recognised method as an important instrument for assessing the economic performance of energy and water conservation as well as renewable energy projects undertaken in both the public, country and private sectors. The method applies to any project, public or private, where future savings on operational costs are weighed against higher initial costs of capital investment. In other news, the life cycle cost in construction strengthens the resilience of a building, optimizes costs, and, last but not least, allows the choice of the right method for calculating life cycle costs. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA or LCC briefly) is an objective method of measuring and managing costs over the period of any project or asset. In construction, it allows to compare design options from the perspective of service life to reduce overall costs. The LCC provides a method for assessing the costs that occur over the resistance period of a building, from construction, use and maintenance, to the end of its service period. Thus, it provides a stronger view of long-term costs and savings compared to other methods.

ȘTEFAN-ALEXANDRU CATANĂ, SORIN-GEORGE TOMA, CĂTĂLIN GRĂDINARU

The product life cycle and the Boston Consulting Group’s growth-share matrix are important tools for marketing specialists, as it offers guidance for developing marketing strategies. In marketing simulations, the use of the product life cycle and its extension into Boston Consulting Group’s matrix is relevant to creating a bridge between theory and practice and determining the best strategies and tactics for products. The aims of this paper are to reveal the theoretical concepts regarding the product life cycle and the Boston Consulting Group’s growth-share matrix and to emphasize their relevance in marketing simulations. The research methodology was based on a qualitative research method, doing a comprehensive literature review. The paper provides the deepening of the theoretical framework to expand the knowledge in the product life cycle approach, the Boston Consulting Group’s matrix, and the marketing simulations field. It also displays that the use of these tools in marketing simulations leads to the development of strategic thinking. The paper eases a better understanding of the concept of the product life cycle and its particularities.

J. Luque, Enrique Personal, Antonio Garcia-Delgado et al.

In a highly competitive and liberalized energy market, where the retail of electricity is open to many potential companies, it is essential to have tools that help make decisions and guide the design of marketing strategies. In this sense, it is essential for retailers to know the behavior of their customers to correctly define their commercial strategies. One of the most commonly used methods for this is the characterization of their consumption profiles. Fortunately, for regulatory reasons, in some countries, the monthly electricity demand of each customer is openly available to any competitor. This paper explores whether this information, especially the economic sector and geographic location of a client, is useful for determining the client’s demand profile. Specifically, data on electricity demand in Spain from more than 27 million users and for a period of 3 years are analyzed. For this purpose, the electricity consumption of every client is grouped by month and normalized. The resulting demand profiles are later clustered according to different criteria. The main finding of the research is that the combined information on economic activity and location definitely enables prediction of the demand profile. Additionally, profile quality metrics are defined and obtained for the entire dataset. The resulting profiles have a mean dispersion of 10% and a confidence interval of ±17%. To clarify the use of these metrics, several examples are detailed, showing how this profile information can be used to improve the marketing decision-making process for electricity retailers.

Ali Mohamed AZHAR

يُعتبر التنويع الاقتصادي من أهم المؤشرات التي تُقاس بها اقتصادات الدول، إذ إن الرغبة في تحقيق عدد أكبر لمصادر الدخل الأساسية من شأنها أن تعزِّز قدراته ‏الحقيقية ضمن إطار من التنافسية العالمية، وهوما يعتبر الهدف الأسمى للحكومات التي تسعى للنهوض باقتصادها. يمثل التنويع الاقتصادي العمود الفقري لاستقرار اقتصادات الدول النفطية، فكلما كان هناك تنويع اقتصادي أتاح ذلك فرصاً جيدة لتكوين وبناء اقتصاد قوي يقف في مواجهة التدهور والأزمات الاقتصادية جراء حساسية تقلبات أسعار النفط الناجمة عن عوامل خارج الدولة. تلخصت الدراسة بثلاث بنود , البند الاول تم تحليل ووصف الانفاق العام وجاء البند الثاني مفهوم اساسيات التنوع الاقتصادي وعن البند الثالث تجربة قطر في التنويع الاقتصادي. Economic diversification is one of the most important indicators by which countries' economies are measured, as the desire to achieve a greater number of basic income sources would enhance their real capabilities within a framework of global competitiveness, which is the ultimate goal of governments seeking to advance their economy. Economic diversification represents the backbone of the stability of the economies of oil-producing countries. Whenever there is economic diversification, this provides good opportunities for the formation and building of a strong economy that stands in the face of economic decline and crises due to the sensitivity of oil price fluctuations caused by factors  outside the state. The study was summarized in three  items, the first item analyzed and described public spending, the second item came the concept of the basics of economic diversification, and the third item the experience of Qatar in economic diversification.  

G. Thopil, C. Sachse, J. Lalk et al.

Abstract Photovoltaic panel technologies have evolved considerably over a limited period. The most popular PV panel technologies can be divided into two main groups, the first being crystalline technologies and second, thin film technologies. This investigation compares the financial performance of three different photovoltaic (PV) panel technologies, namely, monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), based on measurements from a test facility and for varying meteorological conditions. The yield measurements of the panels from the site over a two-year period are used to develop the techno-economic indicator performance, for a proposed commercial installation. Measurements of solar irradiation and temperature are incorporated into a regression model for yield sensitivity analysis, which in turn is used to investigative the sensitivity of financial performance. It was seen that CIGS panels delivered on average 11.6% more yield when compared to monocrystalline technologies per kWp, with sustained outputs even during relatively colder periods. The improved financial performance of CIGS panels over monocrystalline panels was seen via a 24% increase in discounted return on investment, 7.8% reduction in payback period and 21% improvement in net present value. The regression model indicates that CIGS panel yields are less sensitive to lower solar irradiation and more sensitive towards higher temperatures. Overall variation of financial indicators for a range of yield outputs, is lowest for CIGS panels compared to both types of crystalline panels. CIGS panels show lower variability in financial returns particularly in conditions with higher temperatures that makes the results valid in geographical locations with higher temperatures and higher solar irradiation. The findings are useful for multiple stakeholders within the PV industry who have an interest in sub-Saharan Africa and the southern hemisphere, where such investigations are limited though solar resource is abundant.

P. A. Hohne, K. Kusakana, B. Numbi

Abstract Healthcare institutions, ranks the second highest energy intensive buildings in the commercial sector, with daily energy consumption ranging from 43 to 92 kWh per bed. Energy management in this sector may prove difficult due to the demand's critical and non-deferrable nature. Therefore, in this paper, a validated optimal power dispatch model of a proposed hybrid energy system connected to a healthcare institution is developed. The healthcare institution considered in this study, which will remain anonymous, 1 is subjected to Time-of-Use (ToU) tariffs and maximum demand charges and is considering the implementation of renewable energy technologies to reduce energy costs. Consequently, given the geographical location of the building, a system consisting of a photovoltaic tracking system with a battery bank and grid connection supplying the load is proposed and modelled. The aim is to optimize the power flow between the hybrid system and battery in order to minimize the grid energy costs based on the ToU tariff while reducing the maximum demand charges from the utility. Annual potential cost savings of up to 40.9% were attained, while a projected break-even point of 7.1 years is noted with the proposed optimally controlled system as compared to the load exclusively supplied by the grid.

Justin V. Hastings

The Economic Geographies of Organized Crime by Tim Hall is a magisterial, wellstructured, extended review of and meditation on the literature on organized crime, and its relation to economic geography. At the heart of the book is an attempt to address a problem: geographers have had relatively little to say about organized crime or, Hall notes, illicit economic activities in general. The result is a vast realm of economic activity that is little studied, and even less understood. One way to understand the economic geographies of organized crime is to think about different types of criminal activities, and indeed, Hall begins the book with a survey of different types of organized crime around the world, from money laundering to drug trafficking to people smuggling. While there are some types of organized crime that are truly predatory—maritime piracy would be such a case—most organized criminal activities are responding to demand. From an economic geographic perspective, the question becomes who has the demand for a particular type of organized criminal activity (and perhaps why there is demand despite illegality), where buyers are located (and where suppliers for that demand are located), how organized criminals get their goods from suppliers to buyers, what tools and environments they need to be successful, and how their activities are regulated. While better conceptualization is required, one can immediately see two problems. First, no doubt much of the lack of attention by geographers toward organized crime is because of a paucity of data and, more generally, a not wholly incorrect assumption that much about organized crime is unknowable. However, as Hall points out, organized crime in many developing country contexts is less about illegality and secrecy than informality, and less about the absence of state governance than an alternative form of governance. And indeed, one of the most valuable sections of the book is a chapter surveying the various ways in which researchers have attempted to collect data or otherwise produce knowledge of organized crime. Second, one of the main problems in conceptualizing organized crime is that it is geographically complex, multiscalar, and illicit; traditional economic geographic frameworks, such as global production networks, thus do not do well in fully describing organized crime. While Hall’s goal in the book is not to create an overarching theory, the main answer he has to this conceptualization problem is to emphasize the relatively flat, networked nature of organized crime, particularly transnational crime that extends across physical distance, and must deal with different state jurisdictions, ethnicities, and cultures. Globalization, the driving concept behind so many conceptual frameworks of legitimate commercial networks, has an ambivalent relationship with illicit commercial networks, which is a subtext running through the book. Organized criminals are liable to be shaped by globalizing and homogenizing forces and, in turn, shape those forces differently based on what they are trying to accomplish. Mafias that provide protection, contract enforcement, and dispute resolution in the absence of a state that is willing or able to do so are necessarily rooted in place and (often) ethnicity. They are only BO O K R EV EW

Yeshitila Eshete, T. Eshete

Raw honey after harvesting is usually strained and filtered to remove suspended materials including pollen, proplis and bee wax prior to heating for commercial processing. Heating honey is to facilitate filtering and bottling of honey by reducing the viscosity. In commercial processing plant, honey is usually heated in order to purify, filter, facilitate packaging to inhibit microorganism growth, to reduce the moisture content at the standard level and to delay crystallization process. Even though heating is of great important in commercial honey processing, no guideline is available till to date for the use of heating temperature and time combination based on types and origin of honey. The optimal heating conditions are mainly relied on the geographical and botanical origins of honey. Uncontrolled temperature can be detrimental to the quality of honey and to its biological and bio active chemical properties. In Ethiopia, commercial honey processing industries can perform their processes in a different ways depending on various factors, including economic, technological and technique reasons. Honey has a probability to loss the natural quality when it goes through uncontrolled thermal processing. The loss of the natural quality is due to the decomposition of vitamins, destruction of the integrity of the enzymes and the development HFM content. HMF content and enzymatic activities are the recognized honey quality parameters to penetrate and sustain in the international market. As heating is of great important on commercial honey processing industry, it needs to have standard guideline for the use of optimum heating temperature and time duration.

T. Ramachandra, H. Bharath, M. Sowmyashree

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

Reza Dehbanipoor, Ali Mokhtari

Gaddafi's dictatorial governorship in Libya was the one that was ousted in the wake of the revolutionary upheavals of the 2010s, with the mobilization of society and the participation of international institutions and forces. In explaining the collapse of this political regime, internal factors (backward political structure, suffocation and tyranny of the rulers, wave of democratization and new media) and external factors (role of international institutions and forces and major powers) have been raised. This research with a general Understanding has combined the government interaction and globalization processes into two internal and external factors. The results of this research show that globalization in its various economic, social and communicative dimensions has created an understanding and space for human rights discourse in Libya. As a result, society realized its depleted theoretical and normative rights and demanded the realization of its political, economic, and cultural rights. With the help of new media which turned into protests and revolution, the regimes’ brutal and repressive confrontation with citizens led to a civil war and human rights enforcement tools. A situation that brought coalition of international institutions together with Libyan society and ousted Gaddafi in order to realize the supreme values of freedom and the right to self-determination of the society.

Özge Can NIYAZ, Nevin DEMIRBAŞ

The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of consumers in the northwestern part of Turkey towards food waste behaviour. A structural equation model was used to analyze the attitudes and behaviour of consumers to food waste within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. It was found that food-related planning routines had no effect on food waste behaviour, but that food-related shopping routines encouraged food waste behaviour. On the other hand, the intention not to waste acted to discourage food waste behaviour in consumers. Accordingly, the tendency for consumers to buy more food than they need when shopping leads to an increase in food waste in the household, while the intention not to waste food acts to reduce the amount of waste. Moral attitudes increased the effect of shopping routines while perceived behaviour control had the effect of decreasing it. Intention not to waste was reduced by moral norms and enhanced by subjective norms. Food waste is an ever-increasing problem, but it is preventable. It is recommended that these factors be taken into consideration when developing campaigns, public information notices and workshops about food waste reduction.

Naser Yosefzehy, Vahid Sinaee, SayedAhmad Fateminezhad et al.

The economic statecraft as the international economic tools of fallowing the strategic goals of countries is a new notion in economic studies of foreign policy. The materialist approaches ever consulted this field. These researches by linking the economic tools with politics, hard power, survival, and security have expanded the theoretical sphere of economic statecraft. By their emphasizing on the role of material elements and political goals in utilizing of economic instruments, economic statecraft has been declined to the power of politics and the analytical tool of the great powers' negative competitions and their dictating relations with developing countries. The realistic and traditional economic statecraft is in lack of applying capacity to developing countries and analysis of the role of meta-material elements in foreign policy. The article aims at to link the economic statecraft to "policy of development" and the social approach of foreign policy. What are the effective elements at the success of developing countries in utilizing the international economic tools? Invoking to the international economic tools is rooted the national necessity of development, identity, and socialization. By changing the egoistic identity to the collective identity during the process of international socialization, legitimacy and knowledge context of optimization the transnational sources will be prepared and reached. Development is the final target of international socialization and economic statecraft. In narrative of sociality and development will be dismiss the realistic declining and be applied to developing countries. The focal points of Iran's contemporary statecraft events have been the struggle on economic tools and international political norms; means the patterns of modernization and constructing of economic development and the patterns of constitution and republican of political development. The non-collective political identity and international non-socialization are the obstacles of succession of Iran's economic statecraft.

G. Quattrocchi, M. Sinerchia, F. Colloca et al.

In the Strait of Sicily (SoS), a wide passage of the Mediterranean Sea, Parapenaeus longirostris, (Lucas, 1846; DPS hereafter) is the main target species of trawl fisheries, with an estimated annual market value of about 80 million euro. The exploitation of this resource is shared between Italian, Tunisian and Maltese bottom trawlers and its management raises social, economic and environmental interests. Recent stock assessment revealed high fishing mortalities and low size at first capture, thus promoting the adoption of a strategic plan for a sustainable management. However, the current knowledge of the geographical boundaries of the stock, supporting the implementation of such management plan is still poor. In this respect, under different hydrodynamic regimes, particle-tracking modelling was used to explore connectivity between both, known and unexplored, spawning and nursery areas of DPS in the SoS. Ensembles scenarios derived by model outcomes displayed decadal changes in connectivity between spawning and nursery areas in the north side of the SoS, hence confirming the presence of a single stock in this area. Expanding the area of investigation, the model results showed weak connectivity between spawning ground in the north side of SoS and nurseries on the African shelf-break. This method could support the spatial management of the stock, such as the protection of the nursery and spawning areas, by providing estimates of how connectivity is influenced by hydrodynamic regimes at different temporal and spatial scales.

Yahya Lahrour, D. Brissaud, P. Zwolinski

Abstract Remanufacturing is considered one of the most effective and efficient end-of-life strategies of the circular economy, in terms of environmental benefits and economic viability. Products are circulating all over the world, coming from multiple sources and numerous intermediates. Thereby, making the supply chain between the user and the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) very complex when it comes to recovering products at their end-of-life. In fact, local sellers have direct contact with users, as they are geographically close, which makes it easier for them to recuperate worn out and obsolete products. However, these sellers lack the know-how and the technical knowledge necessary to develop the remanufacturing process. This paper presents the strategy to be followed by small companies to adopt and implement the remanufacturing process, in order to give these end-of-life products a second life and to make a profit from both new and remanufactured products. In particular, it focuses on the specific case of a small company in France, that included the process of remanufacturing air compressors and electric motors in its business model and started selling them directly to users. Therefore, this study will display the multiple advantages that this remanufacturing strategy has to offer and will also show the barriers that can be faced when applying this strategy.