Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Karolina Czerska-Shaw, Paweł Kubicki

In tennis, the sweet spot on a racket marks the point at which a ball can be hit with the greatest power for the least effort. Public services in the globalising city of Krakow found themselves in precisely such a position before the large-scale forced migration inflows as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine in February 2022. An analysis of the evaluations of public services by foreign residents in Krakow during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) reveals, on the one hand, the overall satisfaction of users yet, on the other, significant differences in expectations and experiences amongst categories of foreign residents coming from global core, semi-peripheral and peripheral regions. The findings shed light on the nature of urban resilience in globalising cities like Krakow, which is encountering migration transitions, as well as the uneven nature of globalisation between services that have been internationalised and those which have not. The results expose considerable gaps in the process of the multi-faceted adaptation of city public services to meet the expectations of their dynamically changing population. The findings are particularly significant in the context of intensive forced migration inflows from Ukraine, critically reflecting on the resilience of public services on the eve of major shifts in population flows into the city.

Paraboschi, Francesca

Compte rendu de Benoit, J. (2023). Le petit monsieur. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier, 167 pp.

Nicola Costalunga

At a particularly delicate historical juncture, namely, the post-pandemic one, where the topic of migration is regaining importance on different socio-political-economic levels, Migration and Torture in Today’s World brings to the center of research interest a concept inextricably linked to the migration phenomenon: torture. Through an analysis of torture in its broadest sense, including the inhuman and degrading treatment of migrants, this volume edited by Fabio Perocco—which follows the volume Torture and Migration (2019, Edizioni Ca’ Foscari)—compiles twelve contributions (including a rich introduction to the volume by Perocco himself) of heterogeneous content focusing on different perspectives on the correlation between migration and torture. Each author contributes through multi- and inter-disciplinary works to create a multidimensional analysis of the phenomenon, helping the reader to deconstruct the complexity of the different scientific approaches toward a common interpretative strand and a homogeneous reconstruction of the migration-torture theme.

Luis Bahamondes, Maria Y Makuch, Deborah Margatho et al.

Background: The public healthcare system of Roraima state, at the north-western border Brazil-Venezuela, experienced an impact due to the incoming of Venezuelan migrants and to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. After the beginning of the pandemic, the Brazilian government closed the border; however, migration continued through informal paths. There is scarce information regarding the availability of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services at settings impacted both by migration and the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, we aimed to assess the availability and access to SRH services for Venezuelan migrant at Roraima state during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with data collected during the pandemic using an electronic questionnaire. We interviewed three policy makers responsible for the directorate of primary care both at the municipal and state level; the directors of the two public hospitals and the two referral centres for women's health in Boa Vista, and in Pacaraima the director of the hospital and of the basic health post. We also interviewed 20 out of the 34 (58.8%) managers of the basic health posts in Boa Vista and 10 healthcare providers (physicians and nurses). Data collected covered issues pertaining to access to SRH services, and explored the impacts of the COVID-19 on continuation, access, and use of SRH services. Results: It was reported that 60% of the beds in the public sector were reallocated for COVID-19 cases and 26 out of the 34 (76%) health posts assessed interrupted the provision of SRH services, including contraceptive provision and gynaecological consultation, since these were considered not essential services. Most of the participants, (25/36; 69.4%) reported that both the state and the municipal health authorities implemented community outreach using telephone, social media, radio, and television, with guidance for the population on how to seek care using the healthcare network. Conclusions: The healthcare system in Roraima was impacted firstly by the need to provide SRH to a large number of Venezuelan migrant women, and after an effort to adapt to the reality that this migrant crisis posed; this system was affected by the needs to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Armenak Manukyan

The article analyzes alternative dimensions of dissidence and civil protests in Soviet Armenia, which covers the period from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, from the Khrushchev Thaw to Gorbachev’s Perestroika. Comparative study of the dissident paradigm has political and civilizational significance. The dissident paradigm is precisely associated with the entire human rights movement, and human rights activists were those who were called dissidents. Thanks to them, ideas of an alternative development of Soviet society and public authorities emerged. At the present stage, the democratic rights of citizens, for which the intelligentsia and human rights activists fought in the 1960s-1980s, are proclaimed and enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia. But this does not mean that the issue of human rights has been resolved in reality, since in reality human rights are often violated, first of all, by the public authorities themselves. The experience of the first generation of human rights defenders continues to be of interest to numerous committees and commissions advocating respect for the constitutional and legal rights of citizens. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the processes of formation of a democratic society and the rule of law in modern Armenia put forward the task of effectively protecting human rights and freedoms. Given the fact that the recognition of human rights as a basic value was the result of a long evolution of society, it is important to see that their prerequisite was the struggle of the most socially active people for the possibility of civilizational development.

Tekalign Ayalew, Fekadu Adugna, Priya Deshingkar

This article discusses the migration processes and brokering practices that link Ethiopia and Sudan by taking into account the social, economic, political and cultural underpinnings of human smuggling in the region. The analysis is based on three months of fieldwork using a conventional qualitative research methodology. Respondents were selected from actors such as smugglers, migrants and government personnel involved in the migration process, facilitation and control activities. Since the 1990s, significant irregular overland labour migration has emerged from Ethiopian towns and villages to Khartoum, Sudan via the border towns of Metema on the Ethiopian side and Galabat on the Sudanese side. However, how various actors engage in shaping this migration process and how human smuggling sustains despite increasing control efforts by the state is less understood.

Matheus dos Santos da Silveira, Natália Carvalho Viana de Sousa

Since the end of the last century, the world has been in need of reconstructing its definitions of development. However, only the definition of sustainability was not enough for the necessary development reformulations of nations, with that, general measures were created, acting as parameters for a new development model, called Sustainable Development Goals, comprised of 17 objectives, the SDGs serve as guidelines for decision-making in numerous aspects that interferers in the notion of sustainability, among them health promotion. It is known that the concept of health is broad and encompasses countless factors; mental health is one of them and is in constant questioning, due to its invisibility in sustainable guidelines and international documents, contradicting worldwide alarming data of illness. Faced with the questioning of the importance of mental health in sustainability, this article sought to discuss the concept of mental health in the Sustainable Development Goals, using the Amazon as a contextual focus, in view of the region's diversity.

Chemla, Yves

Judita Peterlin

Avtorica v članku, ki je utemeljen na kvalitativni raziskovalni metodi, identificira ključne izzive, s katerimi se ljudje slovenskih korenin po nastanitvi v Sloveniji soočajo tako na osebni kot profesionalni ravni. Še zlasti se posveča njihovim težavam pri zaposlovanju in na delovnih mestih, utemelji pa tudi prednosti, ki jih njihova integracija vnaša v slovensko delovno okolje. Na koncu podaja priporočila za ustvarjanje učinkovitih sinergij med argentinskimi Slovenci in slovenskimi zaposlovalci.

Bricco, Elisa

Vinicius Tavares de Oliveira, Mariana Balau Silveira

Global range climate change institutions and conferences (e.g.: UNEP, COP etc.) have been part of international dynamics for decades. Many of them took place in international regimes that was specifically designed for environmental issues. G20 was created in 1999 with the goal to overcome the Asian crisis. In that moment little attention was given to environmental issues. This situation began to change in 2008 with the first G20 summit. In that occasion, only 2 paragraphs of the final declaration dealt with climate issues. In 2010, this number grew to 12.7. This shows a growing commitment of the forum to deal with climate issues. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate if and how G20 debate on climate change could help the world to achieve deeper environmental cooperation.

Ramón Llopis Goig

The aim of this paper is to identify and to analyze the main technical and methodological difficulties faced by the sociological research on immigration carried out in Spain during the last years. More concretely, what is sought is to figure out the epistemological assumptions which support the social research practices that generate the mentioned techno-methodological problems. For that, firstly, we study some problems generated in the sociological study of immigration as a consequence of the prevalence, in the field of the practices of social research, of a neopositivist methodology, what we have called «public opinion syndrome». Secondly, we examine the difficulties derived from the necessity of considering «empirical reflexivity» methodologically. And thirdly, we present the derived difficulties of the implicit assumption of a «methodological nationalism». These analyses are supplemented with several reflections leading to the establishment of guidelines for the design and the implementation of future research

Katiuscia Moreno Galhera

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a importância da narração na construção do consenso em torno da ideia de nação nacional-socialista, especificamente pela análise do filme de Leni Riefenstahl “Triunfo da Vontade”. Considerando que a cinematografia era controlada pelo Estado totalitário, procuraremos ilustrar os recursos de convencimento narrativos utilizados nesta propaganda nazista. Para tanto, utilizaremos tanto a análise crítica de Franz Neumann sobre a desconstrução da ideia de nação sob Hitler – um dos autores (mais desconhecidos) da Teoria Crítica/ Escola de Frankfurt –, quanto Homi Bhabha – um dos principais expoentes do pós-colonialismo – para fundamentar o papel e importância da(s) narrativa(s) sobre a formação do Estado nacional.

Daniel Derrin

This paper addresses the comic routine of Australian born U.S. comedian Gregg Turkington’s alter-ego, ‘Neil Hamburger’, from the perspective of Aristotle’s ancient conception of the risible as a species of the unacceptable, or the unseemly. In doing so, it explores two thresholds of acceptability, subjective and social, which are relevant to an understanding of Hamburger’s comic style. The paper argues that Hamburger’s style willfully violates those thresholds, risking the audience’s laughter, and yet working towards the visualization of a less normative kind of ‘unseemliness’ that underlies Hamburger’s politics: reverence for celebrity and the sacred.

Kenji Hashimoto

The leaf business of Irodori is an example of a successful enterprise realized by connecting elderly people and local agricultural resources in a peripheral area with an aging population. In the process of developing the business, Irodori has overcome three difficulties with regard to information systems. Firstly, it overcame the distances between the peripheral producing regions and the consumer markets in urban areas. Secondly, it overcame the disadvantageous condition of being based in a mountain village with a low population density, where it is difficult to develop a communications infrastructure. Thirdly, it overcame the difficulty and burden that elderly people felt regarding the use of a personal computer and the Internet. The example of Irodori can be considered as a model case when considering the exploitation of regional resources and strategies for utilizing them through 'informatization'.

Redactie KITLV

Frederick H. Smith; Caribbean Rum: A Social and Economic History (Franklin W. Knight)
 
 Stephan Palmié; Wizards and Scientists: Explorations in Afro-Cuban Modernity and Tradition (Julie Skurski)
 
 Miguel A. De la Torre; The Quest for the Cuban Christ: A Historical Search (Fernando Picó)
 
 L. Antonio Curet, Shannon Lee Dawdy & Gabino La Rosa Corzo (eds.); Dialogues in Cuban Archaeology (David M. Pendergast)
 
 Jill Lane; Blackface Cuba, 1840-1895 (Arthur Knight)
 
 Hal Klepak; Cuba’s Military 1990-2005: Revolutionary Soldiers during Counter-Revolutionary Times (Antoni Kapcia)
 
 Lydia Chávez (ed.); Capitalism, God, and a Good Cigar: Cuba Enters the Twenty-First Century (Ann Marie Stock)
 
 Diane Accaria-Zavala & Rodolfo Popelnik (eds.); Prospero’s Isles: The Presence of the Caribbean in the American Imaginary (Sean X. Goudie)
 
 Alexandra Isfahani-Hammond (ed.); The Masters and the Slaves: Plantation Relations and Mestizaje in American Imaginaries (Danielle D. Smith) 
 
 David J. Weber; Bárbaros: Spaniards and Their Savages in the Age of Enlightenment (Neil L. Whitehead)
 
 Larry Gragg; Englishmen Transplanted: The English Colonization of Barbados, 1627-1660 (Richard S. Dunn)
 
 Jon F. Sensbach; Rebecca’s Revival: Creating Black Christianity in the Atlantic World (Aaron Spencer Fogleman)
 
 Jennifer L. Morgan; Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery (Verene A. Shepherd)
 
 Jorge Luis Chinea; Race and Labor in the Hispanic Caribbean: The West Indian Immigrant Worker Experience in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico, 1800-1850 (Juan José Baldrich)
 
 Constance R. Sutton (ed.); Revisiting Caribbean Labour: Essays in Honour of O. Nigel Bolland (Mary Chamberlain)
 
 Gert Oostindie; Paradise Overseas: The Dutch Caribbean: Colonialism and its Transatlantic Legacies (Bridget Brereton)
 
 Allan Pred; The Past Is Not Dead: Facts, Fictions, and Enduring Racial Stereotypes (Karen Fog Olwig)
 
 James C. Riley; Poverty and Life Expectancy: The Jamaica Paradox (Cruz María Nazario)
 
 Lucia M. Suárez; The Tears of Hispaniola: Haitian and Dominican Diaspora Memory (J. Michael Dash)
 
 Mary Chamberlain; Family Love in the Diaspora: Migration and the Anglo-Caribbean Experience (Kevin Birth)
 
 Joseph Palacio (ed.); The Garifuna: A Nation Across Borders (Grant Jewell Rich)
 
 Elizabeth M. DeLoughery, Renée K. Goss on & George B. Handley (eds.); Caribbean Literature and the Environment: Between Nature and Culture (Bonham C. Richardson)
 
 Mary Gallagher (ed.); Ici-Là: Place and Displacement in Caribbean Writing in French (Christina Kullberg)
 
 David V. Moskowitz; Caribbean Popular Music: An Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall (Kenneth Bilby)
 
 John H. McWhorter; Defining Creole (Bettina M. Migge)
 
 Ellen M. Schnepel; In Search of a National Identity: Creole and Politics in Guadeloupe (Paul B. Garrett)

Richard Price, Sally Price

[First paragraph]
 "Callaloo" follows, in historically correct sequence, its culinary antecedent, "Caribbean pepper-pot" (NWIG 58:89-98); it is devoted to books that for one or another reason have fallen through the cracks of the review process. Some represent titles for which the book review editors have found it impossible, despite repeated efforts, to find a consenting reviewer; others lie on the periphery of geographical or topical categories we cover; yet others do not, in our view, merit longer review in this journal. But all, we think, deserve to be brought to the attention of NWIG readers. Unlike a Books Received column, Callaloo is retrospective; it is intended to complement the substantial section of the journal devoted to reviews themselves.

Andrej Vovko

Prekmurje je bilo in je v določeni meri vse do danes ostalo eno najbolj tipičnih geografskih območij množičnega slovenskega izseljevanja.. Manj značilen in precej manj številčen pa je zlasti za pretekla zgodovinska obdobja obratni proces: proces priseljevanja v Prekmurje. Prvi Slovenci, ki so se v večjem številu priselili v Prekmurje, so bili nedvomno begunci iz Primorske, ki so po letu 1918 pobegnili predvsem pred italijanskim raznarodovalnim nasiljem, zlasti po njegovi zaostritvi po fašističnem prevzemu oblasti. Že Soška fronta med I. svetovno vojno, še bolj pa to že omenjeno in raznarodovalni ukrepi italijanskih oblasti, so pregnali iz svojih domov nad 100.000 primorskih Slovencev in istrskih Hrvatov, od katerih se je po letu 1918 večina zatekla v novoustanovljeno južnoslovansko državo, ostali pa predvsem v Zahodno Evropo in Južno Ameriko, zlasti v Argentino. V prvem obdobju so kot v veliki večini liberalno in jugoslovansko centralistično usmerjeni dobivali zaposlitev v ne preveč priljubljenih državnih poklicih (tako v policiji, carini itd.), kasneje pa so v času gospodarske krize domači prebivalci v njih videli nezaželeno konkurenco v boju za vedno bolj pičel vsakdanji kruh. Beseda »Primorec« v je marsikaterem slovenskem okolju matične domovine pomenila pravo psovko. K jugoslovanski državi leta 1919 priključeno Prekmurje je nudilo nekaj možnosti za preživljanje zgoraj omenjenih primorskih emigrantov, predvsem učiteljev, ki so s svojim jugoslovanstvom in liberalizmom odločno in v določeni meri tudi kot tujek posegli v tamkajšnje s posebnim zgodovinskim razvojem opredeljeno družbeno, versko, gospodarsko, socialno in kulturno okolje. Državne oblasti so v bližini Dolnje Lendave v krajih Petišovci, Benica in Pince naselile tudi nekaj deset primorskih in istrskih emigrantskih kmečkih družin. Primorski emigranti so v začetku 30. let 20. stoletja v Dolnji Lendavi in v Murski Soboti svoji društvi Soča, v veliki meri pa so s svojo prisotnostjo svoj pečat dali tudi delovanju osnovnih šol v že omenjenih Benici, Petišovcih in Pincah, pa tudi v drugih prekmurskih osnovnih šolah. Vsi ti vidiki življenja primorskih priseljencev oziroma beguncev so zgolj na kratko predstavljeni v pričujoči razpravi.

Wim Klooster

Focuses on the socio-economic position of free non-whites in 18th-c. Curaçao. The manumission rate was relatively high and consequently a large group of free non-whites was created. Blacks and mulattoes enjoyed religious freedom as well as considerable economic freedom. Their growing numbers and social and economic assertiveness alarmed the whites, who gradually admitted the most successful mulattoes in their circles.

Johannes Postma

[First paragraph]
 "Om werk van jullie te hebben": Plantageleven in Suriname, 1730-1750. RUDI OTTO BEELDSNIJDER. Utrecht: Vakgroep Culturele Antropologie - Bronnen voor de Studie van Afro-Surinaamse Samenlevingen, 1994. xii + 351 pp. (Paper NLG 35.00)
 Surinaams contrast: Roofbouw en overleven in een Caraibische plantagekolonie 1750-1863. ALEX VAN STIPRIAAN. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1995. xiii + 494 pp. (Paper NLG 60.00)
 Strijders voor het Lam: Leven en werk van Herrnhutter broeders en zusters in Suriname, 1735-1900. MARIA LENDERS. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1996. xii + 451 pp. (Paper NLG 65.00)
 Fifty Years Later: Antislavery, Capitalism and Modernity in the Dutch Orbit. GERT OOSTINDIE (ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press, 1995; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996. viii + 272 pp. (Paper NLG 45.00, US$ 22.50, Cloth US$ 45.00)
 
 The publication of the books under review is evidence of a growing scholarly interest in the history of Dutch activities in the Atlantic. Three of them are doctoral dissertations on Suriname history; the fourth contains the published proceedings of a conference held in 1993 that focused on the abolition of slavery in the Dutch colonies. Three were published by the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology (KITLV), which exhibits an increasing interest in publishing scholarly books about Dutch overseas history.