Hasil untuk "Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica"

Todd H. Hall

Aleksakhina S.N.

The idea of creating the international tourism project “The Great Tea Road” appeared among the Siberian community of Transbalkalia in the late 1990s after the normalization of Russian-Chinese relations, primarily for the development of tourism in the region, which has a rich historical, cultural and natural potential. The ancient Siberian trade route from Russia to China through Mongolia ran through this territory, along which tea was transported to Europe and America in the 18th–19th centuries. For the first time, the topic of international tourism within the framework of the Great Tea Road tourism project was considered at the highest level at the BRICS summit held in Ufa in the summer of 2015. The leaders of Russia, China and Mongolia outlined the plans for its implementation at the trilateral meeting. In October 2024, at the eighth meeting of the heads of tourism administrations of Russia, China and Mongolia in Ulan-Ude, an agreement was reached to create a single brand of the cross-border international tourist route “The Great Tea Road”, which will run along the historical trade route of the 18th century. The Great Tea Road project will contribute to the development of international tourism, the revival of objects of material and spiritual cultural heritage of Russia, Mongolia and China.

Kobelev E.V.

The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) was founded by Ho Chi Minh in 1930 with the support of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Comintern, which have long since then faded into oblivion. The article discusses the main reasons for the phenomenon of successful activity of the CPV in the historically long period, which are the consistent struggle against factionalism in the ranks of the Party and the ability to stand behind one or another political force, leading it, but “without showing off”. The most significant actions of the CPV are the victory of the August Revolution of 1945 under the Viet Minh flag, the liberation of South Vietnam and the reunification of the country, the elimination of the criminal Pol Pot regime in Cambodia and the establishment of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, as well as the skillful maneuvering of the CPV, which managed to maintain an independent position after the beginning of confrontation between the CPSU and the CPC. The development of the conflict in Ukraine allows the author to conclude that it is possible to use the Vietnamese experience in solving the Ukrainian crisis. After the beginning of the Special military operation, Vietnam took a formally neutral position, but concrete actions show that Hanoi is more inclined to support the Russian position than the Ukrainian one. Vietnam does not benefit from the weakening of Russia, which is an important factor of stability in the Asia-Pacific region and Southeast Asia. The dialog between the leaders of the two countries, which has intensified due to the change in the top leadership of the SRV, also indicates Hanoi's desire to demonstrate the closeness of positions with the Russian Federation. The author draws attention to the fact that Vietnam's position on the Ukrainian conflict is greatly influenced by the personal factor. Unlike V.V. Putin, who has already visited Vietnam four times, V.A. Zelensky does not show interest in East Asian countries and Vietnam in particular.

Eric Katusele Bayongi

La Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples a récemment publié une Observation générale interprétant l’article 7(d) du Protocole dit de Maputo. D’après cet article, la femme a droit à un partage équitable des biens conjugaux à la suite de la dissolution du mariage. Malgré la modification du Code congolais de la famille, ce droit est loin d’être mis en œuvre tel que le montre la lecture de la loi et de la jurisprudence pertinente.

Kudakaev R.F., Mokretskiy A.Ch., Kostyrkin A.V.

With the formation of a new technological paradigm and global competition for leadership in the digital space, the attention of experts is shifting towards the growth of political, economic and R&D influence of Eastern countries, which imposes new demands on research methods and tools. The article summarizes the experience of enhancing the academic research process through involving young IT professionals in the Oriental studies in competitive mode. During two weeks of the “Hackathon” contest organized by Yandex Cloud, Napoleon IT and AI Talent Hub in collaboration with the experts from the Institute on Oriental Studies and the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, contestants were challenged to develop a chat bot employing generative models and machine translation to analyze news flows of East Asian countries, primarily China and Japan. A review of the winners’ approaches and solutions proves overall feasibility of the idea and shows that many specific linguistic and engineering tasks that were relevant only recently have already been successfully solved. Therefore, when planning and developing next-generation digital tools, it is necessary to operate at functionally and semantically higher levels of generalization closer to human reasoning.

Hatem Elliesie, Harald Sippel

Im Kalenderjahr 2023 war es der Gesellschaft für afrikanisches Recht e.V. möglich, der gesamten Breite ihrer Aufgaben nachtzukommen und neben der Herausgabe der Zeitschrift sowie der Bereitstellung der Internetseite nach der Pause im Vorjahr insbesondere wieder die Jahreskonferenz auszurichten.

Uyanaev S.V.

Cooperation in the energy sector, and practically in the field of hydrocarbons, is traditionally and reasonably considered as an important area of multidisciplinary interaction between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. In terms of its substantive forms, the energy dialogue has a multifaceted character, includes cooperation in mineral exploration, production technologies, capacity generation, investment support for relevant projects. Nevertheless, as it was objectively developed in practice, one of the main elements of cooperation turned out to be the supply of hydrocarbons from Russia to China, which has been increasing since the beginning of the century. This situation reflects the natural complementarity of the economic complexes of the two countries, which, in turn, serves as one of the basic foundations for the compatibility of the national interests of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. Paying attention to the circumstances above, the author examines the specific practice of cooperation in the field of hydrocarbon supplies, including the documents signed and the projects already implemented or being discussed. The focus is made on the current situation, when, in the context of large- scale sanctions pressure from the West, the task of reorientation of domestic energy exports to the East, including to China, is being considered systemically important for Russia. Pointing out the existing difficulties, the article contains a conclusion about the overall positive prospects for Russian-Chinese hydrocarbon cooperation.

Jules Masuku Ayikaba

The law of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) enshrines the principle of compulsory representation by lawyer before its High Court, the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA). It follows from this principle that any appeal before the CCJA and any related procedural document such as the reply or replication, not signed by a lawyer belonging to a Bar in the OHADA geographical area, are to be declared inadmissible. Notwithstanding the explicit consecration of this principle in OHADA law, the CCJA has been called upon on many occasions to define its contour. This paper examines the interpretation of this principle by this court. It first notes the scope of this principle as defined by the CCJA in relation to the criteria retained for the exercise of the ministry of counsel before its jurisdiction. Finally, it dwells on its jurisprudence concerning the form and statements of the special mandate to be given to the lawyer, on the one hand, and on the legal consequences attached to it, on the other hand. It concludes by pointing out that OHADA law, and the High Court in its jurisprudential practice, are more flexible and better adapted to the obligation of representation by a lawyer than the law of certain OHADA member states.

John Ceffrey Eligue

Studies about disasters have focused on large-scale and extreme weather events. However, slow-onset hazards such as drought-like seasons and monsoons also pose challenges since they are dynamic and experienced differently from place to place. This paper shows how difficulties in livelihood of the agricultural sector can be made evident using a place-based approach for identifying vulnerability in an island setting. A household survey was conducted to gather perceptions of hazard impacts and coping strategies for extreme weather events and pervasive hazards. Results show that the perceived impacts of hazards differ by events, and respondents cope with extreme weather events and pervasive hazards in almost the same ways. The coping strategies include diversification of livelihood and mutual help, a common tradition among Philippine villages. Community-based disaster risk management strategies through indigenous ways also enabled the island community to bridge the interventions of the national government to the local context in terms of reducing risks. In conclusion, a place-based approach adds value to the current way of assessing vulnerability as it shows that social vulnerability is more dynamic in the local context, and social bonding is crucial for coping during difficult times.

Paksyutov G.D.

The article analyzes the place of Asia-Pacific (understood as East and South East Asia) in Japan’s economic strategy. We show that the region has occupied a crucial place in Japan’s strategy at the time of Abe’s second term as the country’s prime minister (which started in late 2012) as a result of the rapid economic growth in China and ASEAN, and, in particular, as a reaction for China’s “Belt and Road Initiative”. Japan’s “Partnership for Quality Infrastructure” is the country’s principal alternative for China’s infrastructure projects. Japan’s regional economic strategy is closely intertwined with the country’s broader strategic vision, including such projects as “Free and Open Indo-Pacific”. Japan presents itself as an intermediary between the developed and the developing countries of Asia. Its role in the regional economic integration depends in large part on the dynamics of China and the US’ bilateral relations.

Marystella Auma Simiyu

Patacharin Lapanun

Studies of transnational intimacies and marriages thus far reveal how these intimate relationships are simulated and constrained by global and local circumstances, cultures, ideas, and practices relating to gender, marriage, and family as well as class and ethnicity. This paper provides insights into the other side of the global process by exploring how these intimate relations generate tensions and challenge cultural ideas and practices regarding gender and social class at the ‘local end’ of the transnational connections. Drawn on three ethnographic studies in two northeastern Thai villages, my research argues that these marital relationships present a form of women’s agency and bring new challenges to masculine identities and subjectivities, placing local men in vulnerable positions. Women with Western partners also constitute a new class determined by both their consumption and their lifestyle – which set them apart from other villagers – and their increased ownership of both farm and residential land. Thus, these women form a new class in both Bourdieusian and Marxist senses, although land in this case has less to do with production but rather wellbeing, security, and prosperity. In this light, transnational marriages/intimacies induce the reconfiguring of gender and class in women’s natal villages.

Sazonov S.L., Ilinskaya I.D.

The Belt and Road Initiative, proclaimed by China, is ambiguously perceived by its main economic rivals and even meets fierce resistance from Western countries, primarily the United States. This is expressed in putting forward their own initiatives to build infrastructure in developing countries, which, according to the leadership of the United States and the European Union, should counteract the strengthening of the Chinese influence. The article provides evidence that since the leadership of the PRC proposed and launched the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, China has responded to the vital needs of developing countries by cooperating with them in the development of national infrastructure facilities, such as railways, highways and ports, as well as providing financial assistance on exceptionally preferential terms. The essence of the Chinese initiative is to find, form and promote a new model of international cooperation and development through the construction of global transport routes. The article discusses the main infrastructure projects adapted to the real needs of the participating countries of the Chinese initiative. It is noted that China does not impose its own development path on them, and the most important aspect of the implementation of the megaproject is to improve people's lives.

Burova E.S.

The article considers the dynamics of the tourism industry in Cambodia, its impact on the economic development and employment, the main tourist flows, its dynamic and destinations. The article describes the multiplier effect of tourism, its main development problems. The time frame of present study takes the period from 1993, when the Kingdom of Cambodia was restored, some political steadiness was gained and the country opened its frontiers for tourists and up until now.

Donchenko A.I.

The article explores the relationship between Taoist philosophy and traditional Chinese calligraphy. It also talks about origins of the Taoist view on Chinese calligraphy. Taoism stands out among all Chinese teachings as it gave the strongest impulse to the blossoming of the art of beautiful writing, contributed to the development of various calligraphy styles and creation of calligraphy. The main principals of Taoist philosophy are reflected in calligraphy standards and works of art, which are evaluated based on those criteria.

Harald Sippel

Alexander Martin Saba

The concept of fair trial and the right to cross-examine by an accused person are fundamental in the broad spectrum of administration of justice in any jurisdiction. Both may well be said to form part of the concept of rule of law. The right to a fair trial is guaranteed in the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 and in other laws just like the right to cross-examination of witnesses. The importance of affording parties a fair trial has been echoed by the international community in different international legal instruments. It is upon the courts, therefore to conduct trials fairly. One of the critical areas to ensuring fair trial is with respect to the manner the right of cross-examination is provided to the accused and exercised by the same. While admitting that the right to a fair trial takes on board the whole trial process from the beginning to the end, this article concentrates on the right to cross-examination. It is submitted here that the right to a fair trial is sometimes vitiated during the process of cross-examination when a party to a case (an accused or defendant as the case may be) exercises the right without being at least informed of the essence of doing the same. In such a situation it is as tantamount as the right has never been given to the accused. In short, as a matter of practice, the right to cross-examination is given haphazardly to, not only to children who are accused but also to unrepresented adult persons.

Tulia Ackson

Ibrahima Diallo

Cette étude porte sur les évolutions récentes du droit public économique sénégalais. En effet, compte tenu de l’importance des interventions publiques dans l’économie sénégalaise et de la complexité croissante des problèmes juridiques qu’elles posaient, il est estimé nécessaire d’étudier les règles juridiques qui encadrent ces différentes actions qui caractérisent le droit public économique sénégalais c’est à dire l’étude des mécanismes de l’action des pouvoirs publics sur l’économie qui permet de disposer aujourd’hui d’un panorama complet de l’organisation de l’administration économique sénégalaise et des conditions de mise en œuvre d’intervention à caractère économique.