Clinical AI systems routinely train on health data structurally distorted by documentation workflows, billing incentives, and terminology fragmentation. Prior work has characterised the mechanisms of this distortion: the three-forces model of documentary enactment, the reification feedback loop through which AI may amplify coding artefacts, and terminology governance failures that allow semantic drift to accumulate. Yet translating these insights into implementable software architecture remains an open problem. This paper proposes seven ontology-aware design patterns in Gang-of-Four pattern language for building clinical AI pipelines resilient to ontological distortion. The patterns address data ingestion validation (Ontological Checkpoint), low-frequency signal preservation (Dormancy-Aware Pipeline), continuous drift monitoring (Drift Sentinel), parallel representation maintenance (Dual-Ontology Layer), feedback loop interruption (Reification Circuit Breaker), terminology evolution management (Terminology Version Gate), and pluggable regulatory compliance (Regulatory Compliance Adapter). Each pattern is specified with Problem, Forces, Solution, Consequences, Known Uses, and Related Patterns. We illustrate their composition in a reference architecture for a primary care AI system and provide a walkthrough tracing all seven patterns through a diabetes risk prediction scenario. This paper does not report empirical validation; it offers a design vocabulary grounded in theoretical analysis, subject to future evaluation in production systems. Three patterns have partial precedent in existing systems; the remaining four have not been formally described. Limitations include the absence of runtime benchmarks and restriction to the German and EU regulatory context.
Large language models exhibit intelligence without genuine epistemic understanding, exposing a key gap: the absence of epistemic architecture. This paper introduces the Structured Cognitive Loop (SCL) as an executable epistemological framework for emergent intelligence. Unlike traditional AI research asking "what is intelligence?" (ontological), SCL asks "under what conditions does cognition emerge?" (epistemological). Grounded in philosophy of mind and cognitive phenomenology, SCL bridges conceptual philosophy and implementable cognition. Drawing on process philosophy, enactive cognition, and extended mind theory, we define intelligence not as a property but as a performed process -- a continuous loop of judgment, memory, control, action, and regulation. SCL makes three contributions. First, it operationalizes philosophical insights into computationally interpretable structures, enabling "executable epistemology" -- philosophy as structural experiment. Second, it shows that functional separation within cognitive architecture yields more coherent and interpretable behavior than monolithic prompt based systems, supported by agent evaluations. Third, it redefines intelligence: not representational accuracy but the capacity to reconstruct its own epistemic state through intentional understanding. This framework impacts philosophy of mind, epistemology, and AI. For philosophy, it allows theories of cognition to be enacted and tested. For AI, it grounds behavior in epistemic structure rather than statistical regularity. For epistemology, it frames knowledge not as truth possession but as continuous reconstruction within a phenomenologically coherent loop. We situate SCL within debates on cognitive phenomenology, emergence, normativity, and intentionality, arguing that real progress requires not larger models but architectures that realize cognitive principles structurally.
Carla Binucci, Sabine Cornelsen, Walter Didimo
et al.
We address the problem of computing a dynamic visualization of a geometric graph $G$ as a sequence of frames. Each frame shows only a portion of the graph but their union covers $G$ entirely. The two main requirements of our dynamic visualization are: $(i)$ guaranteeing drawing stability, so to preserve the user's mental map; $(ii)$ keeping the visual complexity of each frame low. To satisfy the first requirement, we never change the position of the vertices. Regarding the second requirement, we avoid edge crossings in each frame. More precisely, in the first frame we visualize a suitable subset of non-crossing edges; in each subsequent frame, exactly one new edge enters the visualization and all the edges that cross with it are deleted. We call such a sequence of frames a planar story of $G$. Our goal is to find a planar story whose minimum number of edges contemporarily displayed is maximized (i.e., a planar story that maximizes the minimum frame size). Besides studying our model from a theoretical point of view, we also design and experimentally compare different algorithms, both exact techniques and heuristics. These algorithms provide an array of alternative trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness, also depending on the structure of the input graph.
Although it is not a new concept, 3D integration increasingly receives widespread interest and focus as lithographic scaling becomes more challenging, and as the ability to make miniature vias greatly improves. Like Moores law, 3D integration improves density. With improvements in packaging density, however, come the challenges associated with its inherently higher power density. And though it acts somewhat as a scaling accelerator, the vertical integration also poses new challenges to design and manufacturing technologies. The placement of circuits, vias, and macros in the planes of a 3D stack must be co-designed across layers (or must conform to new standards) so that, when assembled, they have correct spatial correspondence. Each layer, although perhaps being a mere functional slice through a system (and we can slice the system in many different ways), must be independently testable so that we can systematically test and diagnose subsystems before and after final assembly. When those layers are assembled, they must come together in a way that enables a sensible yield and facilitates testing the finished product. To make the most of 3D integration, we should articulate the leverages of 3D systems (other researchers offer a more complete treatment elsewhere). Then we can enumerate and elucidate many of the new challenges posed by the design, assembly, and test of 3D systems.
This paper considers the practice of drawing lines in the context of architectural design. The core argument is that drawing lines generates the conditions for creative thought. Moreover, this initial claim is discussed in the context of the creative process in architectural design, as lines play an indispensable role in the locus of creation. First, the so-called “representational paradigm” about hand drawing is critically discussed, leading to the exposition of a new philosophical account regarding drawing. This new position consists of three theses: (I) it regards the drawing surface as a topos or “space of drawing”; (II) it regards drawings as situated figurations; (III) and it regards lines as processes. Jointly, these three theses form the “performative paradigm”, casting each aspect of the drawing process in terms of an unfolding dynamic in which inhabitative imagination and aesthetic sensibility play decisive roles. Lastly, these conclusions are formalized in a design model.
This contribution aims to offer a reflection on the main pedagogical and organisational profiles of Italian climatic holiday camps at the end of the nineteenth century, focusing on three Milanese experiences: two of them, the Cura Climatica Gratuita ai Fanciulli Gracili, alunni delle scuole elementari comunali di Milano (for the pupils of municipal elementary schools in Milan), and the Colonie climatiche autunnali per fanciulli e fanciulle (for boys and girls), have as an emblematic connecting element the figure of the doctor and philanthropist Malachia De Cristoforis (1832–1915), a protagonist of the lively international debate on holiday camps taking place in those years; the third experience, the cure climatiche organised for the young guests of the Martinitt Orphanage, although a somewhat peculiar initiative in terms of the type of beneficiaries, shares some important traits with the previous ones, including the philanthropic character and the centrality attributed to immersion in nature, an element that ideally places the camps in the track of a centuries-old pedagogical reflection.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
El pueblo sevillano de Écija ha sido uno de los máximos exponentes en la comercialización del aceite durante siglos, para lo que fue necesario edificar un gran número de molinos aceiteros. La continuada actividad oleícola dio como consecuencia una organización territorial que perduró hasta el cambio de paradigma del campo de mitad de siglo XX. Investigaciones recientes han abordado la relación entre los molinos y el olivar histórico astigitano. No obstante, queda por profundizar en la relación entre los molinos aceiteros y el resto de elementos existentes en el agro ecijano. El objetivo del presente artículo es el de generar conocimiento sobre la relación entre los molinos y el resto de la infraestructura agropecuaria, imprescindible para entender la configuración territorial íntegra del municipio a partir de los SIG. Para ello se ha utilizado como base gráfica el Mapa Nacional Topográfico Parcelario de los años 50 del siglo XX.
Allestire come atto di modificazione di condizioni preesistenti comporta talvolta il confronto con contesti di particolare valore, di caratteristiche formali e spaziali particolarmente pronunciate, di implicazioni funzionali complesse. L’opportunità di far interagire in simultanea l’allestimento temporaneo con lo spazio ospite è il terreno di investigazione di due mostre, realizzate a breve distanza di tempo negli stessi contesti, costituiti da ambienti museali e monumentali dall’identità fortemente caratterizzata. Esporre due volte implica il tentativo di porre il confronto sul piano di una dialettica paritaria e sinestetica.
Carla Sedini, Silvia Peluzzi, Francesco Zurlo
et al.
This study explores the local implications of increasing renewable energy production, with a focus on wind energy. Drawing on landscape knowledge and cultural significance, it employs the Territorial Capital concept to inform strategic design processes, considering factors such as local context and ongoing transformation dynamics. Landscape justice and energy democracy are highlighted as crucial concepts, alongside systemic perspectives, to address the research question: How can wind farm projects be innovated to enhance local acceptance? Through case study research involving fifty projects, various strategies are proposed to align wind farm installations with their surroundings’ cultural and sensory fabric, promoting community acceptance and sustainable energy practices.
Drawing. Design. Illustration, Architectural drawing and design
Traditional and currently-prevalent pedagogies of design perpetuate ableist and exclusionary notions of what it means to be a designer. In this paper, we trace such historically exclusionary norms of design education, and highlight modern-day instances from our own experiences as design educators in such epistemologies. Towards imagining a more inclusive and sustainable future of design education, we present three case studies from our own experience as design educators in redesigning course experiences for blind and low-vision (BLV), deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students, and students with other disabilities. In documenting successful and unsuccessful practices, we imagine what a pedagogy of care in design education would look like.
Image rendering from line drawings is vital in design and image generation technologies reduce costs, yet professional line drawings demand preserving complex details. Text prompts struggle with accuracy, and image translation struggles with consistency and fine-grained control. We present LineArt, a framework that transfers complex appearance onto detailed design drawings, facilitating design and artistic creation. It generates high-fidelity appearance while preserving structural accuracy by simulating hierarchical visual cognition and integrating human artistic experience to guide the diffusion process. LineArt overcomes the limitations of current methods in terms of difficulty in fine-grained control and style degradation in design drawings. It requires no precise 3D modeling, physical property specs, or network training, making it more convenient for design tasks. LineArt consists of two stages: a multi-frequency lines fusion module to supplement the input design drawing with detailed structural information and a two-part painting process for Base Layer Shaping and Surface Layer Coloring. We also present a new design drawing dataset ProLines for evaluation. The experiments show that LineArt performs better in accuracy, realism, and material precision compared to SOTAs.
In recent years, the rapid development of large-scale models has made new possibilities for interdisciplinary fields such as architecture. In this paper, we present a novel daylight-driven AI-aided architectural design method. Firstly, we formulate a method for generating massing models, producing architectural massing models using random parameters quickly. Subsequently, we integrate a daylight-driven facade design strategy, accurately determining window layouts and applying them to the massing models. Finally, we seamlessly combine a large-scale language model with a text-to-image model, enhancing the efficiency of generating visual architectural design renderings. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach supports architects' creative inspirations and pioneers novel avenues for architectural design development. Project page: https://zrealli.github.io/DDADesign/.
This paper investigates the potential of LLM-based conversational agents (CAs) to enhance critical reflection and mitigate design fixation in group design work. By challenging AI-generated recommendations and prevailing group opinions, these agents address issues such as groupthink and promote a more dynamic and inclusive design process. Key design considerations include optimizing intervention timing, ensuring clarity in counterarguments, and balancing critical thinking with designers' satisfaction. CAs can also adapt to various roles, supporting individual and collective reflection. Our work aligns with the "Death of the Design Researcher?" workshop's goals, emphasizing the transformative potential of generative AI in reshaping design practices and promoting ethical considerations. By exploring innovative uses of generative AI in group design contexts, we aim to stimulate discussion and open new pathways for future research and development, ultimately contributing to practical tools and resources for design researchers.
Temel tasarım ilkeleri, ilk yıl stüdyolarında temel tasarım eğitimi kapsamında öğretilen konular arasındadır. Temel tasarım eğitimi ve içeriği, yapısı gereği öğrencinin daha önce almış olduğu eğitim sisteminden farklı boyutlar barındırmaktadır. Öğrenci için yeni bir dil, yeni bir literatür içermesi, çoğunlukla soyut eğitsel içeriklere sahip olması sebebiyle de zor kavranmaktadır. Öte yandan öğrenciler bu derste edindikleri bilgilerden ilerleyen yıllarda ve meslek hayatlarında ne şekilde faydalanabileceklerini sorgulamaktadır. Bu durumdan hareketle çalışmada amaç; modern mimari yapılar üzerinden temel tasarım ilkelerini analiz etmektir. Nitel araştırma metoduyla oluşturulan çalışmada veriler, belirlenen örneklerde bahsedilen ilkelerinin analiziyle elde edilmiştir. Bu örnekler temel tasarım ilkelerinin ortaya çıktığı Bauhaus Okulu’nun modern mimarlığın yayılmasındaki rolü de düşünülerek Bauhaus ve sonrası modern yapılar arasından seçilerek çalışmanın kapsamı oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, belirlenen örnekler üzerinden temel tasarım ilkelerinin somut kullanımları ve karşılıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece öğrencilerin temel tasarım ilkelerinden eğitimlerinin devam eden yıllarında ve meslek hayatlarında nerede ve nasıl faydalanacaklarına yönelik somut uygulamaları görmeleri sağlanmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bu verilerden temel tasarım eğitimi ders içeriklerinde de faydalanılabilecek olması sebebiyle çalışmanın katkı sağlayıcı olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Since the beginning of life, people have needed furniture to realize their normal activities. The existence of furniture is inevitable for the realization of open, semi-open, and closed spaces. The existence of furniture is not only limited to function and ergonomics but also shaped according to the aesthetic movement of that period, influenced by the architectural movements of the period. Movements have reflected the cultural, social, and economic effect of the society in which they exist on all spatial applications in the field of architecture. Especially after the twentieth century, the leading architects of architectural movements have gone down to the furniture in the buildings they designed. The reason for this is that they did not want any other foreign element in the whole of the buildings they designed. This approach of the architects caused the movements that dominated the period to have a pioneering influence on the scale of interiors and furniture. Designs that were as effective on the furniture scale as they were on the building scale are presented in this study. In the post-20th century furniture movements, the pioneering design is interpreted in a new language without breaking away from the influence of the movement. The study aims to reveal how the pioneering furniture can be adapted to the present day. It is seen that while the chairs, which are the seating elements considered within the scope of the study, are reconsidered, new models are developed on material and color changes without moving too far away from the main design.
The paper focuses on an experiment in researching and teaching design carried out at the Architecture of Interiors Design Studio at the Polytechnic School of Architecture in Milan. The studio addressed the theme of sacred space, understood as a dwellable place, and able to welcome its users in the fulfillment of gestures that express its most profound being. The hypothesis underlying the experiment is that the design of sacred space causes students to move beyond some contingent themes and to focus their design attention on the project of a hospitable form capable of accommodating the gesture of the person who dwells in it. It also calls into question the issue of worship spaces, not only as a problem of space for one specific religion to be juxtaposed or composed with those of other religions, but as a problem of space, or better a "system of spaces" on which religions can look out and experience together their specificity and each other's differences. The experience demonstrated an interest in the theme for students in architecture who could experience the possibility of understanding the coexistence of these spaces that, while traditionally radically different, retain a unified foundation capable, if grasped, of bringing together other gestures. Its outcomes are of value beyond the specifics of the sacred space project and allowed, from our point of view, to effectively practice some cross-cutting architectural themes that are valid regardless of the subject.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Bağlam kavramı ilkin dil felsefesi, göstergebilim gibi alanlarda anlamın oluşma şartlarını açıklamak için kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Mimarlıkta ise yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren tasarım nesnesini çevreleyen şartları açıklamak için kullanılmaktadır. Ontolojik açıdan kimi zaman fiziksel gerçeklik içinde, kimi zaman da sosyal gerçeklik içinde parça-bütün ilişkisine göndermede bulunabilmektedir. Epistemolojik açıdan ise bağlam, bir yandan mimari nesneyi konu edinen yargı, söylem veya bilginin anlam ve doğruluk koşullarına göndermede bulunan betimleyici ve analitik bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkarken bir yandan da tasarımı yönlendirici normatif temelli, tasarımı keyfilikten uzaklaştıran kural koyucu ve doktriner nitelikte bir kavram olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Tüm bu çok boyutlu, çok anlamlı ve çok katmanlı yapı çözümlenip, ayrımlar ortaya konmadığında, kavram anlamsal belirsizlik nedeniyle hem pratikte hem de kuramsal alanda giderek işlevselliğini yitirmektedir. Bu çalışma mimarlık kuramlarında yer alan bağlam kavramsallaştırmalarını epistemolojik ve ontolojik açıdan çözümleyerek kavramın mimarlık alanında daha belirli hale getirilmesini amaçlamaktadır.
Architectural design practice has radically evolved over the course of its history, due to technological improvements that gave rise to advanced automated tools for many design tasks. Traditional paper drawings and scale models are now accompanied by 2D and 3D Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) software. While such tools improved in many ways, including performance and accuracy improvements, the modalities of user interaction have mostly remained the same, with 2D interfaces displayed on 2D screens. The maturation of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology has led to some level of integration of these immersive technologies into architectural practice, but mostly limited to visualisation purposes, e.g. to show a finished project to a potential client. We posit that there is potential to employ such technologies earlier in the architectural design process and therefore explore that possibility with a focus on Algorithmic Design (AD), a CAAD paradigm that relies on (often visual) algorithms to generate geometries. The main goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate that AR and VR can be adopted for AD activities. To verify that claim, we follow an iterative prototype-based methodology to develop research prototype software tools and evaluate them. The three developed prototypes provide evidence that integrating immersive technologies into the AD toolset provides opportunities for architects to improve their workflow and to better present their creations to clients. Based on our contributions and the feedback we gathered from architectural students and other researchers that evaluated the developed prototypes, we additionally provide insights as to future perspectives in the field.
With the popularity of deep learning, the hardware implementation platform of deep learning has received increasing interest. Unlike the general purpose devices, e.g., CPU, or GPU, where the deep learning algorithms are executed at the software level, neural network hardware accelerators directly execute the algorithms to achieve higher both energy efficiency and performance improvements. However, as the deep learning algorithms evolve frequently, the engineering effort and cost of designing the hardware accelerators are greatly increased. To improve the design quality while saving the cost, design automation for neural network accelerators was proposed, where design space exploration algorithms are used to automatically search the optimized accelerator design within a design space. Nevertheless, the increasing complexity of the neural network accelerators brings the increasing dimensions to the design space. As a result, the previous design space exploration algorithms are no longer effective enough to find an optimized design. In this work, we propose a neural network accelerator design automation framework named GANDSE, where we rethink the problem of design space exploration, and propose a novel approach based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) to support an optimized exploration for high dimension large design space. The experiments show that GANDSE is able to find the more optimized designs in negligible time compared with approaches including multilayer perceptron and deep reinforcement learning.
Abstract Generativity is a technology’s capability of producing new outputs without input from the originator. Platforms are important technologies that embrace generativity. While the literature generally assumes that generativity arises from platform governance and high-level platform design, we propose that generativity also arises from a platform’s three architectural components: the base, the interface, and the add-ons. Drawing on a case study of the Oracle Cloud Platform, we reveal how generativity emerges through the paradox of stability and flexibility in a platform’s architectural components. Further, standardization navigates this paradox by coordinating the dependencies between stability and flexibility across heterogeneous stakeholders.