Julian Wanner, Luis Kuhn Cuellar, Luiselotte Rausch
et al.
Abstract Hormonal mechanisms associated with cell elongation play a vital role in the development and growth of plants. Here, we report Nextflow-root (nf-root), a novel best-practice pipeline for deep-learning-based analysis of fluorescence microscopy images of plant root tissue from A. thaliana. This bioinformatics pipeline performs automatic identification of developmental zones in root tissue images. This also includes apoplastic pH measurements, which is useful for modeling hormone signaling and cell physiological responses. We show that this nf-core standard-based pipeline successfully automates tissue zone segmentation and is both high-throughput and highly reproducible. In short, a deep-learning module deploys deterministically trained convolutional neural network models and augments the segmentation predictions with measures of prediction uncertainty and model interpretability, while aiming to facilitate result interpretation and verification by experienced plant biologists. We observed a high statistical similarity between the manually generated results and the output of the nf-root.
Global unitary transformations (optswaps) that optimally increase the bias of any mixed computation qubit in a quantum system - represented by a diagonal density matrix - towards a particular state of the computational basis which, in effect, increases its purity are presented. Quantum circuits that achieve this by implementing the above data compression technique - a generalization of the 3B-Comp [Fernandez, Lloyd, Mor, Roychowdhury (2004); arXiv: quant-ph/0401135] used before are described. These circuits enable purity increment in the computation qubit by maximally transferring part of its von Neumann or Shannon entropy to any number of surrounding qubits and are valid for the complete range of initial biases. Using the optswaps, a practicable new method that algorithmically achieves hierarchy-dependent cooling of qubits to their respective limits in an engineered quantum register opened to the heat-bath in delineated. In addition to multi-qubit purification and satisfying two of DiVincenzo's criteria for quantum computation in some architectures, the implications of this work for quantum data compression and quantum thermodynamics are discussed.
L'objectif de cette etude est d’evaluer un systeme aquaponique mise au point par la reutilisation de l’eau ayant servi a l’elevage des poissons pour produire des legumes. Les parametres physico-chimiques des eaux du bac d’elevage des poissons, des surverses filtres et d’aquaponie ainsi que le poids (g) et la longueur totale (mm) des poissons Oreochromis niloticus L., 1758 etaient releves tous les 15 jours. Le diametre au collet (cm), la hauteur des plants (cm), le nombre des feuilles, le poids moyen (g) des fruits de Allium fistulosom L., 1753, Hibiscus esculentus (L.) M, 1794 et Lactuca sativa L., 1753 cultives en aquaponie et ceux experimentes dans les sachets polyethylene etaient determines hebdomadairement. Sur l’ensemble du systeme aquaponique, la teneur en nitrites a varie de 0,02 a 0,1 mg/L et celle des nitrates est comprise entre 31 et 48 mg/L. Le pH de l’eau a fluctue de 6,8 a 7,2. La durete totale de l’eau a evolue de 3 a 14°d. Quant a la durete carbonatee, la teneur a varie de 4 et 7°d. Pour les plantes cultivees en aquaponie, le diametre moyen au collet etait de 9,27±0,38 cm pour A. fistulosom ; 3,96±0,69 cm pour H. esculentus et 5,53±0,18 cm pour L. sativa. Le nombre moyen des feuilles des legumes etait de 7,66±0,28 pour A. fistulosom, 7,00±0,17 pour H. esculentus et 14,80±0,61 pour L. sativa. Le poids moyen des fruits frais de H. esculentus etait de 316,67±7,1 g. Le taux de survie des poissons etait de 72±3,16% avec un poids moyen compris entre 2,1±0,98 g et 16,17±4,26 g. Les resultats obtenus sur la stabilite des parametres physico-chimiques des eaux, la croissance des legumes et poissons experimentaux ont montre que le systeme aquaponique semble etre un bon milieu de culture capable de contribuer a la croissance des legumes et des poissons mis en culture integree. The objective of this study is to evaluate an aquaponics system developed by reusing water from fish farming to produce vegetables. The physico-chemical parameters of the water in the fish rearing tank, filter overflow and aquaponics tanks, as well as the weight (g) and total length (mm) of the fish Oreochromis niloticus L., 1758 were recorded every 15 days. The collar diameter (cm), plant height (cm), number of leaves, average fruit weight (g) of Allium fistulosom L., 1753, Hibiscus esculentus (L.) M, 1794 and Lactuca sativa L., 1753 grown in aquaponics and those tested in polythene bags were determined weekly. Across the entire aquaponic system, nitrite content ranged from 0.02 to 0.1 mg/L and nitrate content ranged from 31 to 48 mg/L. The pH of the water ranged from 6.8 to 7.2. Total water hardness varied from 3 to 14°d. The carbonate hardness varied between 4 and 7°d. For aquaponically grown plants, the mean diameter at the collar was 9.27±0.38 cm for A. fistulosom; 3.96±0.69 cm for H. esculentus and 5.53±0.18 cm for L. sativa. The mean number of leaves in the vegetables was 7.66±0.28 for A. fistulosom, 7.00±0.17 for H. esculentus and 14.80±0.61 for L. sativa. The mean weight of fresh fruit for H. esculentus was 316.67±7.1 g. The survival rate of fish was 72±3.16% with an average weight ranging from 2.1±0.98 g to 16.17±4.26 g. The results obtained on the stability of the physico-chemical parameters of the waters, the growth of the experimental vegetables and fish showed that the aquaponic system seems to be a good culture medium capable of contributing to the growth of vegetables and fish in integrated culture.
L’objectif de cette etude est d’evaluer la qualite physico-chimique des ressources en eau alternatives de la ville de Daloa (Cote d’Ivoire). Pour y parvenir, nous avons cartographie les plus consommees afin de mieux observer leur distribution spatiale. Au prealable, la temperature, le pH, la conductivite electrique, les solides dissous totaux (SDT) et la salinite ont ete mesures in situ . Aussi, au niveau de chaque ressource, un echantillonnage a ete effectue dans des bouteilles de 1,5 L pour le dosage des anions majeurs et de 200 mL pour le dosage des cations majeurs et des metaux. Ces differents echantillons ont ete conditionnes dans des glacieres a une temperature de 4 ± 2 °C et convoyes au laboratoire pour analyse. Les resultats obtenus revelent une concentration des ressources identifiees au centre-ville. Les valeurs de pH sont relativement acides, inferieures a 6,5, la limite inferieure des valeurs guides de l’Organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS). Les conductivites electriques oscillent entre 56 et 225 μS/cm. Quant a la turbidite, les valeurs obtenues oscillent entre 0,3 et 8,6 unites de turbidite nephelometrique (UTN). Les valeurs superieures a 5 sont obtenues au niveau des sources des quartiers Labia, Artisanat et Chateau. Du point de vue chimique, les teneurs en anions (NO3 – , SO4 2– et Cl– ) et cations (Al3+ , As3+ , Ca2+ , Cd2+ , Cr3+, 6+ , Cu2+ , Fe2+,3+ , K+ , Mg2+ , Mn2+ , Na+ , Ni2+ , Pb2+ , Sb2+ , Zn2+ ) des differentes sources sont toutes inferieures aux valeurs guides de l’OMS, a l’exception de celles de Gbokora, Labia et CMA ou les teneurs en Al3+ sont respectivement de 0,41, 0,54 et 1,31 mg/L, relativement superieures a la valeur guide de l’OMS de non-depassement fixee a 0,2 mg/L. Dans l’ensemble, il ressort de ces analyses que la qualite des ressources alternatives identifiees est bonne pour tous les usages, mais necessite une neutralisation et une surveillance sanitaire pour garantir l’absence d’eventuelles pollutions anthropiques.
Perturbative gadgets are general techniques for reducing many-body spin interactions to two-body ones using perturbation theory. This allows for potential realization of effective many-body interactions using more physically viable two-body ones. In parallel with prior work (arXiv:1311.2555 [quant-ph]), here we consider minimizing the physical resource required for implementing the gadgets initially proposed by Kempe, Kitaev and Regev (arXiv:quant-ph/0406180) and later generalized by Jordan and Farhi (arXiv:0802.1874v4). The main innovation of our result is a set of methods that efficiently compute tight upper bounds to errors in the perturbation theory. We show that in cases where the terms in the target Hamiltonian commute, the bounds produced by our algorithm are sharp for arbitrary order perturbation theory. We provide numerics which show orders of magnitudes improvement over gadget constructions based on trivial upper bounds for the error term in the perturbation series. We also discuss further improvement of our result by adopting the Schrieffer-Wolff formalism of perturbation theory and supplement our observation with numerical results.
In a recent paper (arXiv:1701.04298 [quant-ph]) Toro\v{s}, Gro{\ss}ardt and Bassi claim that the potential necessary to support a composite particle in a gravitational field must necessarily cancel the relativistic coupling between internal and external degrees of freedom. As such a coupling is responsible for the gravitational redshift measured in numerous experiments, the above statement is clearly incorrect. We identify the simple mistake in the paper responsible for the incorrect claim.
In this paper we treat the so-called dynamical Casimir effect in a cavity with a two--level atom and give an analytic approximate solution under the general setting. The aim of the paper is to show another approach based on Mathematical Physics to the paper [arXiv : 1112.0523 (quant-ph)] by A. V. Dodonov and V. V. Dodonov. We believe that our method is simple and beautiful.
I make a rough estimate of the accuracy threshold for fault tolerant quantum computing with concatenated codes. First I consider only gate errors and use the depolarizing channel error model. I will follow P.Shor (quant-ph/9505011) for fault tolerant error correction (FTEC) and the fault tolerant implementation of elementary operations on states encoded by the 7-qubit code. A simple computer simulation suggests a threshold for gate errors of the order \epsilon \approx 10^{-3} or better. I also give a simple argument that the threshold for memory errors is about 10 times smaller, thus \epsilon \approx 10^{-4}.
We extend the results of Wu & Lidar, eprint quant-ph/0103039: By mapping qubits to parafermions we study the quantum computational power of a generic class of Hamiltonians. We discuss the immunity to decoherence of encoded qubits, symmetry and quantum statistical properties of qubits treated as identical parafermions.
In our paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 337 (1995)], we derived an exact expression for the survival and nonescape probabilities as an expansion in terms of resonant states. It was shown that these quantities exhibit at long times a different behavior. Although both decay as a power law, they have different exponents. In this paper we show that, contrary to the claim in the Comment of R. M. Cavalcanti (quant-ph/9704023), the nonescape probability decay for long times as an inverse power law.
Two new expressions for the entanglement fidelity recently introduced by Schumacher (LANL e-print quant-ph/9604023, to appear in Phys. Rev. A) are derived. These expressions show that it is the entanglement fidelity which must be maximized when performing error correction on qubits for quantum computers, not the fidelity, which is the most-often used generalization of the probability for storing a qubit correctly.
Quantum computation by adiabatic evolution, as described in quant-ph/0001106, will solve satisfiability problems if the running time is long enough. In certain special cases (that are classically easy) we know that the quantum algorithm requires a running time that grows as a polynomial in the number of bits. In this paper we present numerical results on randomly generated instances of an NP-complete problem and of a problem that can be solved classically in polynomial time. We simulate a quantum computer (of up to 16 qubits) by integrating the Schrodinger equation on a conventional computer. For both problems considered, for the set of instances studied, the required running time appears to grow slowly as a function of the number of bits.
We consider the problem of how to manipulate the entanglement properties of a general two-particle pure state, shared between Alice and Bob, by using only local operations at each end and classical communication between Alice and Bob. A method is developed in which this type of problem is found to be equivalent to a problem involving the cutting and pasting of certain shapes along with certain coloring problems. We consider two problems. First, we find the most general way of manipulating the state to obtain maximally entangled states. After such a manipulation, the entangled states $|11〉+|22〉+\ensuremath{\cdot}\ensuremath{\cdot}\ensuremath{\cdot}+|\mathrm{mm}〉$ are obtained with probability ${p}_{m}.$ We obtain an expression for the optimal average entanglement obtainable. Also, some results of Lo and Popescu (e-print quant-ph/9707038) pertaining to this problem are given simple geometric proofs. Second, we consider how to manipulate one two-particle entangled state $|\ensuremath{\psi}〉$ to another $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}〉$ with certainty. We derive Nielsen's theorem (which states a necessary and sufficient condition for this to be possible) using the method of areas.
Nielsen [quant-ph/0108020] showed that universal quantum computation is possible given quantum memory and the ability to perform projective measurements on up to 4-qubits. We describe an improved method that requires only 2-qubit measurements, which are both sufficient and necessary. We present a method to partially collapse the $C_k$-hierarchy in the indirect construction of unitary gates [Gottesman and Chuang, Nature, {\bf 402} 309 (1999)], and apply the method to find discrete universal sets of 2-qubit measurements.