Mohammed Dashti, Rasheeba Nizam, Prashantha Hebbar
et al.
AbstractThere has recently been a growing interest in examining the role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to delineate differences in methylation patterns between T1D-affected and healthy individuals by examining the genome-wide methylation of individuals from three Arab families from Kuwait with T1D-affected mono-/dizygotic twins and non-twinned siblings. Bisulfite sequencing of DNA from the peripheral blood of the affected and healthy individuals from each of the three families was performed. Methylation profiles of the affected individuals were compared to those of the healthy individuals Principal component analysis on the observed methylation profiling based on base-pair resolution clustered the T1D-affected twins together family-wide. The sites/regions that were differentially methylated between the T1D and healthy samples harbored 84 genes, of which 18 were known to be differentially methylated in T1D individuals compared to healthy individuals in publicly available gene expression data resources. We further validated two of the 18 genes—namely ICA1 and DRAM1 that were hypermethylated in T1D samples compared to healthy samples—for upregulation in T1D samples from an extended study cohort of familial T1D. The study confirmed that the ICA1 and DRAM1 genes are differentially expressed in T1D samples compared to healthy samples.
We show that a fundamental sandwich algebra has an analogue of a root system of a semisimple Lie algebra. This leads to an analogue of a Weyl group, which we study in another paper.
In this paper we improve the level and sublevel of algebras obtained by the Cayley-Dickson process when their level and sublevel are greater than dimension of the algebras.
In that paper, we recall the notion of the multidegree for $D$-modules, as exposed in a previous paper, with a slight simplification. A particular emphasis is given on hypergeometric systems, used to provide interesting and computable examples.