Hasil untuk "Speculative philosophy"

W. Quine

Rafael dos Reis Ferreira, João Antonio de Moraes, Pedro Bravo de Souza et al.

A Kínesis – Revista de Estudos dos Pós-Graduandos em Filosofia apresenta para a comunidade acadêmica filosófica mais uma edição, o Volume 16, Número 41 (2024). Publicamos 21 artigos,1 resenha e 2 traduções. Agradecemos aos pesquisadores que compõem o Conselho Científico da Kínesis e também aos pareceristas ad hoc pela colaboração e disponibilidade permanente para atender nossas solicitações de parecer. Dois pareceristas receberam por e-mail uma declaração da Comissão Editorial por terem realizado pareceres de excelência. Agradecemos, também, aos autores pesquisadores por confiarem a submissão e publicação de suas pesquisas à Kínesis. Convidamos nossos leitores para apreciarem mais este número. 

Naillivy Carvalho

Este artigo analisa o processo de formação do conceito psiquiátrico de “delírio espírita episódico”, diagnóstico formulado em 1936 pelo psiquiatra Henrique Roxo (1877-1969) para enquadrar o que seria um tipo de delírio próprio dos frequentadores do espiritismo popular carioca. O estudo se baseia na análise dos trabalhos científicos produzidos por Roxo, a partir dos quais são discutidas as principais questões em jogo na construção do “delírio episódico dos degenerados” (1922) e do “delírio espírita episódico” (1936). O artigo se propõe, portanto, a investigar as condições históricas e científicas que permitiram a formulação de um diagnóstico psiquiátrico específico para o chamado “baixo-espiritismo”.

B. T. Batozhargalova, M. P. Kostinov, A. D. Shmitko et al.

Relevance. Pneumococci are among the most common causative agents of severe bacterial infections in humans. The prevalence of invasive pneumococcal infections among people with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases is 3–4 times higher than in the general population. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 13) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods. The data of scientific publications PubMed, Web of Science, elibrary, the National Inpatient Database of the USA, the Moscow Unified Register of Arthritis, the V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology were used in the review. V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Conclusion. In the presented review in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving various antirheumatic drugs, the immunogenicity (humoral response, opsonophagocytic activity), safety of vaccines of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) was assessed. Based on the data presented, a conclusion was made about the safe management of PCV13 and the formation of antibodies to pneumococcus in RA patients with targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs), biologic (bDMARDs) and Glucocorticoids (GCs < 15 mg daily). Methotrexate (MTX) in RA patients reduced the pneumococcal response and the functional activity of antibodies.

Webb, Stephen

Exploring an extension to Dick's "intelligence principle" Revisiting Dick’s “Intelligence Principle” in the light of recent technological developments, I present an argument for why one might consider a slight extension to the Principle and I explore some of the implications of the suggested modification.

A. Nuzzo

ABSTRACT Foregrounding Hegel’s political cosmology allows us to set his dialectic-speculative theory of the political world in contrast both to ideal theories and to historicist-positivist theories. Against these positions, Hegel upholds his “realism of the idea”: the claim that a rational world is neither a pre-given whole nor an unattainable ideal, but the dynamic, immanent orientation of reason that continually constructs and animates the world. Hegel’s view of the world thus provides him with a way of reconceiving the relationship between philosophy and actuality. In this view, philosophy is not immune from, or external to, the world it theorizes, but is produced and checked by that world, which it, in turn, produces.

B. Szerszynski

In this paper I make a case for a philosophy of continuous matter, in dialogue with object-oriented ontology. A continuous-matter philosophy is one that focuses not on the identity, properties, and relations of discrete, countable objects, but on the nature of extended substances, both in relation to human experience and in terms of their own “inner life.” I explore why and under what conditions humans might perceive the world as objects or as continuous substances, and the language that humans use for talking about both. I argue that approaching the world as continua requires the foregrounding of concepts that emphasize the immanent (internal to a region of space), the inclusive (with contrasting properties coexisting in the same substance), the gradual (manifesting differentially at different points), and the generative or virtual (involving the constant production of form and new gradients). I suggest that starting philosophy from continuous matter rather than objects also has wider implications for speculative thought

Alun Kirby

I begin by examining perception of photographs from two directions: what we think photographs are, and the aspects of mind involved when viewing photographs. Traditional photographs are shown to be mnemonic tools, and memory identified as a key part of the process by which photographs are fully perceived. Second, I describe the metamorphogram; a non-traditional photograph which fits specific, author-defined criteria for being memory. The metamorphogram is shown to be analogous to a composite of all an individual’s episodic memories. Finally, using the metamorphogram in artistic works suggests a bi-directional relationship between individual autobiographical memory and shared cultural memory. A model of this relationship fails to align with existing definitions of cultural memory, and may represent a new form: sociobiographical memory. I propose that the experiences documented here make the case for promoting a mutually beneficial relationship between philosophy and other creative disciplines, including photography.

Alberto Olivetti

Łukasz Tomanek

The subject of this article is Latin reception of Averroes’s treatise De substantia orbis, with special regard to the commentary practice in the late Middle Ages. Numerous philosophical problems were taken up in these commentaries following Averroes’s lead. The most controver-sial among them were these concerning divine attributes, i.e., infinite power, efficient and final causality, and, consequently, God's ability to create out of nothing. Three different commentaries were therefore chosen to exemplify the key differences be-tween the doctrinal approaches of the commentaries on the De substantia orbis. The first two of them—composed by Fernand of Spain and Maino de’ Maineri—represent the Averroistic approach, adopting and developing Averroes’s ideas; the third commentary—composed by an anonymous author in Erfurt around 1362—represents the non-Averroistic approach referring to the questions raised in the De substantia orbis in order to propose orthodox solutions being far from these adopted in the treaty by Averroes himself. The article aims at scrutinizing the problems of infinite power of God and divine causali-ty as they have been taken up by Latin philosophers from the late XIIIth to the second half of the XIVth century by elucidating the key differences between the two lines of inquiry and highligh-ting the variety of approaches to Averroes’s De substantia orbis.

Heber Vázquez Jiménez

Natalia Verónica Soto Coloballes (2021) en su obra El aire de cada día. Política y medición de la contaminación atmosférica en la Ciudad de México (1960-2015) presenta tres momentos importantes de la construcción local de la noción de calidad del aire en la Ciudad de México desde la década de 1960. Su libro es tanto una historia cultural de la ciencia y la tecnología así como una etnografía de laboratorio enmarcadas dentro de la historia de normativas ambientales nacionales e internacionales y de decisiones políticas. Esta perspectiva multidisciplinaria elucida las elecciones epistémicas, técnicas y políticas que han influido en la construcción de la noción de la calidad del aire urbano en relación con la contaminación atmosférica en el Valle de México.

L. S. Ford, G. L. Kline

All the authors of the sixteen essays gathered in this volume are concerned, in their different ways, to clarify, criticize, and develop key ideas and insights of Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947), one of the towering figures of twentieth-century speculative thought, whose process philosophyhas, in recent decades, aroused intense intellectual interest both in this country and abroad. The present volume is intended to complement, but not to duplicate, an earlier selection of important Whitehead studies, Alfred North Whitehead: Essays on His Philosophy, ed. G. L. Kline (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1963).

A. Walsh

ABSTRACT Is political philosophy a part or a sub-discipline of political science? In this paper I defend the claim that, although there is substantial overlap between the two, political philosophy is not a mere subset of political science, since it has distinct questions upon which it is focused as well as methods that are often remarkably distinct from those of political science. Those questions are immune to resolution by empirical methods, Accordingly, I political philosophy is not a part of political science because it deals with questions that cannot be resolved entirely using empirical methods. It is, in this sense, ‘speculative’ to a degree that political science is not.

A. Nikiforov

The article discusses the issue of the nature of analytic philosophy. It is shown that in the 1920s–1940s it was a certain philosophical school, whose representatives were united by some initial principles. Analytic philosophers saw the main task of philosophy in the analysis of the language of natural sciences, in establishing logical connections between scientific propositions, in the empirical substantiation of scientific theories and in the elimination of speculative concepts and proposals from the language of science. The tool for such analysis was the mathematical logic created at the beginning of the 20th century by G. Frege, A.N. Whitehead, B. Russell. Another characteristic feature of the analytic tradition was a negative attitude toward philosophical speculation. Adherents of this tradition believed that philosophy does not provide knowledge about the world, therefore, it is not a science. Analytic philosophers have made a significant contribution to the methodology of scientific knowledge, offering an accurate description of the hypothetical-deductive structure of scientific theory, methods of scientific explanation and prediction, verification, confirmation and refutation of scientific statements. In the late 1930s, most of the analytic philosophers emigrated to England and the United States. The analytic movement is gradually losing its integrity and loses the features of a philosophical school. There is a rejection of mathematical logic as the main means of analysis, the connection with the natural sciences has been lost. In the second half of the 20th century, analytic philosophy from a specific philosophical school turns into a certain style of thinking of the philosophers of various philosophical research areas and orientations.

Antonius Alex Lesomar

This paper is a review of the book: Andrzej Maryniarczyk, S.D.B., Discovery of the Internal Structure of Being, trans. Hugh McDonald (Lublin-Roma: PTTA, 2018). According to the author, Fr. Maryniarczyk’s book is (1) a new interpretation of Aristotle’s and Aquinas’s understanding of the internal structure and compositional elements of being, and (2) a recommended reading for students and lecturers of philosophy.

DEL RE, ALISA

Reproduction work and machines: some considerations in times of Pandemia The reflections on the relationship that links human bodies, technologies and cyber-spaces often focus on the processes of “disembodiment”, while the reproductive work cannot be separated from the materiality of the needs of the care-dependent individuals. The changes in this type of work particularly affect its commodification, transforming social relations and traditional gender relations. The changes in the reproductive work related to technology seem positive and linked to modernization and progress. But although they do diminish the physical fatigue, they are strongly dependent on the market and as a result, they produce loneliness and dispossession of skills. The staging of the reproductive work has also ambiguous aspects: on one hand it may seems like a saving path, due to its capacity to solve some problems related to the overcoming the fatigue and it can also reorganize and simplify the daily life, which is very important. But, on the other hand, in its more crude applications, the reproductive work can become a devious instrument of control and of isolation. It is certainly not a matter of technological pervasiveness, rathera case of scarce attention and scarce scheduling. In this scenario, it is legitimate to wonder if there might be a limit to the “machinisation” of the reproductive work. what can be related to the “work of affection”, to the empathy, to the care of the dependent or sick bodies is certainly alien to it. It is interesting to deal with this topic by quoting some cases of dystopian or utopian literature that has dealt with the “mechanization” of the daily life, investigating the consequences of the introduction of the machines and the computerization in the life of all of us with regard to the social reproduction and the changes in relationships

RUSSO, NICOLA

On Science and Philosophy Connection Science and philosophy sometimes fail to dialogue. This essay sheds some light on this controversial issue by considering some historical instances of their complicated relationship, since the mid-nineteenth century. We will examine intellectual trends, training processes, and most of all, the increasing knowledge we are nowadays witnessing. As the last years suggest, these difficulties are not insurmountable, if only the connection between science and philosophy is taken into consideration. This connection deals not only with their common origin, but also with the process, they are always implicated in, of continuous reborn and reciprocal regeneration. This perspective suggests us to individuate new professional figures standing on the frontier between science and philosophy. These figures appear to be indispensable to construe a new koiné and thereby preserve a community which is devoted to knowledge and pure science.

Kyle Novak

Speculative realists claim that almost all post-Kantian philosophy suffers from what they call correlationism. Correlationism, they claim, originated with Kant’s response to Hume. However, one of the major figures associated with the speculative realist movement, Levi Bryant, has argued that Gilles Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism is able to confront the challenge of correlationism. My central claim is that while Bryant is correct not to label Deleuze as a correlationist, his analysis does not go far enough in that it takes speculative realism on its own terms and does not move beyond the logic of correlationism. Drawing from the recent literature on Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism and Deleuze’s first book on Hume, I argue that Deleuze does not read Hume to produce a non-correlationist ontology, but rather develops a non-ontological constructivist philosophy. Transcendental empiricism, as he later comes to call it, conceives of philosophy in such a way that not only avoids the problem of correlationsism, but reveals that the speculative realist project itself fails to move beyond the logic of

Thomas A. Regelski

Abstract:This study addresses the historic, cultural context of the arts, with a focus on music and music education. The rise of analytic (speculative-rationalist) aesthetic theory of artistic autonomy in the middle and later eighteenth century had important consequences for teaching the arts. Curricular advocacy of aesthetic benefits are generally taken for granted by teachers in the arts, especially formally trained music teachers who inherit the aesthetic meme from their university studies. However, music has always been a social praxis, and its value is the sociality conveyed by all musical forms and formats. As such, the value of music in general education should not focus on benefits assumed by aesthetic speculations but instead stress a pragmatic and lasting impact on the lives of students, grown into adults, and on society. Appreciation is seen pragmatically in life use.

Thaddeus Metz

In this article I critically discuss Professor Oladele Abiodun Balogun’s reflections on the proper final ends of doing philosophy and related sorts of abstract, speculative, or theoretical inquiry. Professor Balogun appears to argue that one should undertake philosophical studies only insofar as they are likely to make a practical difference to people’s lives, particularly by contributing to politico-economic development, or, in other words, that one should eschew seeking knowledge for its own sake. However, there is one line of thought from Professor Balogun, about philosophy being able to make life meaningful, that I argue ultimately––perhaps contrary to his intentions–– entails that it can be appropriate to some degree to pursue philosophy that is unlikely to ameliorate poverty and similar social ills. My central aims in this article are to identify Professor Balogun’s strongest argument against pursuing any knowledge for its own sake and to argue that an appeal to meaningfulness constitutes a strong, competing reason to seek out some of it.Keywords: Development, Higher Education, Knowledge for Its Own Sake, Meaning of Life, Meta-philosophy, Poverty, Social Relevance