Mullā Sadrā interprets “correspondence” in the correspondence theory of truth as the identity of quiddity (ʿayniyyat-e māhūwī) between mental existence (wujūd-i dhihnī) and external existence (wujūd-i khārijī) of a known object. However, this view conflicts with his principle of the primacy of existence (aṣālat al-wujūd), which posits that mental and external existences occupy distinct existential ranks, making identical quiddities impossible. To resolve this, Sadrā proposes the theory of correspondence of existential realms (tatābuq-i ʿawālim-i wujūdī), arguing that the quiddity of external existence is identical to that of mental existence, and their correspondence arises from the identity of their higher and specific existences. This article argues that while Sadrā clearly explains the identity of quiddity, his theory of existential correspondence fails to resolve the inconsistency. For true knowledge of an external object, the mental form must distinguish it from other objects in a conditioned (bi sharṭ-i lā) manner, not merely through indeterminate, unconditioned (lā bi sharṭ) knowledge of its qualities. Thus, knowing an object’s qualities abstractly does not equate to knowing the object itself, as distinguishing it requires specific, conditioned knowledge, undermining Sadrā’s resolution of the conflict between his theories.
Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects
Prayer texts from late antiquity and the medieval period attest to the prevalence of practices related to healing, both those promoted as official ritual and those denounced by Church authorities as competing magical practices. These healing practices often, consisted of prayers pronounced by clerics empowered for such ministry (e. g. priests and bishops) to bless substances like oil or water or to otherwise invoke divine grace for the healing of individuals. Such practices took place either in church or in a domestic setting, though in many cases were designed for individual use on a particular sick person. The present article provides texts, translations, and commentary on a group of seven such prayers related to sickness and health found in manuscripts of the Bohairic Coptic Euchologion as part of a broader analysis of the manuscript tradition of the Bohairic Euchologion and the prayer practices of medieval Copts that it reflects.
AbstractCommunication is essential for organisations. The interaction of institutions with their publics and their reputation management depend on it. ‘An organisation that does not listen, or listens badly to its stakeholders and publics, will fail in its public communication,’ as Jim Macnamara says. This article deals with the listening work of the Opus Dei Information Office of the Basque Country and Navarra carried out in different phases: initiation, identification of interest groups, open listening, analysis of the findings, conclusions and transmission. It is offered as a good communication practice at the service of government that could be applied, with the necessary adjustments, to other institutions, especially Church communication offices. The text is divided into two parts: in the first, we review some concepts on institutional communication, governance, intangibles, reputation and listening, which serve as a framework; in the second, we summarise the case study, relying on interviews with people who were directly involved in the unfolding of events – Juan Carlos Mújika, the then director of the Office; Jesús Juan, who worked in the Prelature’s delegation; and Juan Manuel Mora, Vice Rector for Communication at the University of Navarra.
Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects, Communication. Mass media
AbstractThe year 2022 will be remembered for the outbreak of war in Ukraine, a conflict that shattered the incipient optimism caused by the gradual disappearance of the Covid pandemic. Alongside the succession of news about the war and the Pope’s appeals for peace, the media echoed other important events in the life of the Church. In these pages we offer a selection of the most significant ones. Obviously, this is a choice based on the author’s criteria, which include the persistence of the news throughout the year.
Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects, Communication. Mass media
This paper examines the epistemic value of non-religious mystical experiences. By taking a non-religious angle, it adds a complementary perspective to the context in which mystical experiences are generally discussed, i.e., the context of theological questions or perspectives informed by the philosophy of religion. While I am pessimistic about the possibilities of such experiences providing propositional knowledge about the external world, this discussion is largely bracketed. Instead, I focus on a different type of knowledge, arguing that what these experiences can provide is a certain type of subjective knowledge, namely experiential knowledge. I further argue that such experiences involve a feeling of concern about a very general object, something such as existence, the world, or reality as a whole. Consciously experiencing this type of feeling or emotion is rare, since it is a background emotion about a very general object relatively far removed from personal flourishing. Nevertheless, in this type of experiences, it is directly experienced. The experiential knowledge obtained through such experiences is what this general concern about existence as a whole feels like. I contend that both the insight on what this feels like as well as the feeling itself can be seen as valuable.
Mention “Southeast Asian Buddhism” and what comes to mind is often Theravāda Buddhism, the dominant religion in the mainland Southeast Asian states of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand [...]
Positive philosophy is the name that Friedrich Schelling (1775–1854) gave to a new type of philosophizing that stands in contrast to the so-called negative philosophy that is predominant in modern rationalism. But what exactly is positive philosophy? Schelling on Truth and Person: The Meaning of Positive Philosophy argues that its meaning lies in a distinctive view of the human person as a seeker of truth. Truth is presented as historically woven in the movement of life with the phenomena of mythology and religion that reveal the human being's falling away from and return to the truth. Nikolaj Zunic demonstrates that this novel understanding of truth accompanies the development and expression of positive philosophy itself. The anthropological dimension of truth relates to self-knowledge, the soul, spirit, and personality, and Schelling’s positive philosophy sheds light on the grand themes of the meaning of life, the ontological question (why is there something rather than nothing?), the enigma of knowledge and reason, and the affirmation of the existence of God. This book will appeal to students and scholars interested in Schelling's late philosophy as well as broader questions in philosophy concerning meaning, truth, human nature, and rationality.
Abstract:As is well-known, Max Weber's three-volume Economic Ethics of the World Religions on China, India and ancient Israel yield 'contrast case' analyses that isolate the uniqueness of 'Western' and 'modern Western' rationalism. Less well-known is the sociology of civilizations contained in these volumes and in Economy and Society. This study identifies five themes that, taken in combination, are central to this project. Uniquely, Weber's approach to the study of civilizations stresses (a) the researcher's capacity to understand the subjective meaning of action by persons in groups quite different from those familiar in the modern West, (b) the constitution of the distinct 'rationalisms' of varying civilizations past and present, and (c) the capacity of values, under certain circumstances, to 'rationalize' action beyond utilitarian calculations. Comprehension of each civilization on its own terms comes here to the forefront, as does the unusually broad—civilizational— range of Weber's sociology.
از دیر زمان موضوع عدالت و بحث دربارۀ آن در میان جوامع بشری بااهمیت تلقی میشده است و عموم صاحبنظران برای تحقّق آن راهکارهایی ارائه میدادند. ازاینرو، عدالت همیشه برای انسانها نوعی آرمان بوده است. از سوی دیگر، نقطۀ مقابل عدالت، بیعدالتی و تبعیضهای ناروا است که غالباً همراه با ظلم و ستم و پایمالشدن حقوق انسانها بوده است.
استناد مقاله به این صورت است:
Fani M. The Role of Justice in Controlling a Global Pandemic. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(4):1-6. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i4.36463
Other systems of medicine, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Academic studies of the relationship between religion and pandemics have been emerging since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many of these studies have been conducted in Euro-American contexts, with little attention paid to non-Western cases. This article provides a local case study from China, the earliest epicenter of the pandemic. The study focused on a Catholic community in rural China, Little Rome, through the lens of lived religion, exploring the relationship between religion and the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in our ethnographic study indicated that the Church plays an essential role in responding to the pandemic. In contrast to conventional studies of lived religion, in this ethnographic study on Catholicism in China, we contend that while the study of the lived experience of individuals is central to the lived-religion approach, more attention needs to be paid to the role of religious institutions such as the church, which mediate relations between individuals, society, and other social institutions. This article also argues that investigating different places and cultures can provide rich data for understanding the dynamic and diverse relationship between religion and the pandemic.
Subiektywny punkt widzenia ekspertów często znajduje przełożenie na próby swobodnej reinterpretacji zapisów aktów prawnych. Uczestnikami „sporu o zabytek” mogą być zarówno inwestor, architekt, konserwatorzy, politycy, urzędnicy, jak i osoby trzecie - obywatele. W celu umożliwienia obiektywizacji podejmowanych decyzji, nawiazania dialogu opartego o wspólny punkt odniesienia lub danie społeczeństwu możliwości sprzeciwu, proponuję wykonywanie badań okulograficznych. Eye tracking (czyli okulografia) pozwala na śledzenie tego, w jaki sposób ludzie zapoznają się z prezentowanymi im przedmiotami. Dzięki rejestracji ruchów gałek ocznych dużej grupy obserwatorów możliwe jest zbadanie preferencji rządzących tym procesem jak i zaobserwowanie zmian wynikających z modyfikacji wprowadzanych w obrębie prezentowanego obiektu. W artykule zwięźle omówiono możliwe zastosowanie okulografów dla potrzeb różnorodnej, prawnej ochrony zabytków oraz wielowątkowego umożliwienia społeczeństwu uczestnictwa w tym procesie. W tekście umieszczono również argumenty za i przeciw wprowadzeniu takiej metody do powszechnego użytku. Dla czytelności wywodu zjawisko opisano w oparciu o przykład biblioteki wzniesionej w obrębie wrocławskiego Ostrowa Tumskiego. Celem artykułu nie jest podjęcie jednostkowej krytyki wspomnianej realizacji, a jedynie wyliczenie problemów, które mogłyby być sprawnie rozwiązane dzięki zupełnie nowemu podejściu badawczemu.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Religion (General)
Los conflictos en torno a la ciudad de Numancia produjeron una grave crisis en Roma y tuvieron múltiples consecuencias: rupturas políticas y sociales; manipulaciones literarias e incluso, según Hostilio Mancino, la ruptura de la Pax Deorum. Se analiza también en este artículo una profecía realizada en Clunia en tiempos de la caída de Numancia, que predecía que de Hispania iba a salir el príncipe y señor de todo.
Pakistan, the second most populous Muslim country after Indonesia, came into existence on 14th August, 1947, after the division of ‘British ruled’ India (into India and Pakistan). From its inception to present, Pakistan covers a tumultuous history of over seven decades (1947-2019). Among the South Asian countries, no quantum of scholarship has been produced on any country—its history, religion (and religious ideology), politics, society, economy, and other inter-related issue—than Pakistan. This has continued in the last as well as present century. From 2010 onwards, numerous works have been published on religion, politics, military, and other aspects of Pakistan. This review essay, in this framework, presents an assessment of three (3) important works, published in between 2012 and 2014, so that to get clues of the various aspects of Pakistan. Following a descriptive-cum-comparative methodological approach, the books assessed and examined are: Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A New History (2012); Faisal Devji, Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (2013); and Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (2014). This assessment helps us in understanding the diverse scholarly approaches adopted (by different scholars) in studying Pakistan. The major argument put forth is that such an appraisal helps us not only in understanding the history of Pakistan, but in analyzing the issues and challenges Pakistan has faced, and is facing—be they religious, political, or related to military and security, etc.