Hasil untuk "Professions (General). Professional employees"

H. Wilensky

W. Scott

Olga Yu. Levchenko

Professional development is an integral part of the teaching profession, facilitating the implementation of strategic directions of state educational policy and improving the quality of general education. This concept has been reflected in the works of many Russian educators. Continuing education programs traditionally have been a mean of enhancing teachers’ professional competencies. In the face of new challenges and changing professional conditions, there remains a need to expand the range of programs aimed at foreign language teachers and update their topics and content. The professional competence of a foreign language teacher is complex, each component of which requires further development. Teacher’s professionalism presupposes a high level of proficiency in the foreign language teaching. It seems reasonable to include topics and modules aimed at improving foreign language communicative competence in continuing education programs. The success of a tea­cher’s professional work is largely determined by methodological competence. Completing continuing education programs allow one to acquire new knowledge, skills, and abilities that enhance the effectiveness of their professional work. There is a need to familiarize teachers with the potential of artificial intelligence technologies in foreign language education. Including topics related to teacher organizational skills, stress resilience, and time management in curricula makes practical sense. One of the objectives is to further improve the quality of professional development programs. The study was conducted using a combination of scientific methods. It is based on an examination of regulatory and legal acts, psychological, pedagogical, and methodological works covering various aspects of teacher professional development. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential use of its results in the design and updating of professional development programs for foreign language teachers.

M. Akinfieva, N. Miheeva

This textbook is intended for undergraduate students studying in the fi elds of "Trade", "Economics", "Management", learning Spanish as a second foreign language and mastering it at a continuing level. Corresponds to level 1 on the scale of Pan-European Foreign language profi ciency competencies. It is recommended for the beginner level of learning the language of the profession (economics). The purpose of this manual is to introduce basic economic concepts and categories as a preparation for studying of mastering topics within the framework of learning the language of the profession, as well as to develop the skills of reading and interpreting texts with general economic contents. The manual consists of 6 blocks and covers topics such as the Spanish economy, travel to the Latin American economy, enterprise, trade, economic integration, and professional skills of a modern employee. The fi rst edition (M.G.Akinfieva, N.A. Mikheeva. Spanish for Economists = Español para economistas: textbook: level B1) was published in 2012.

O. Hämmig

BackgroundBurnout and the intention to leave the profession are frequently studied outcomes in healthcare settings that have not been investigated together and across different health professions before. This study aimed to examine work-related explanatory factors or predictors of burnout and the intention to leave the profession among health professionals in general, and nurses and physicians in particular.MethodsCross-sectional survey data of 1840 employees of six public hospitals and rehabilitation clinics recorded in 2015/16 in German-speaking Switzerland were used. Multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression analyses were performed to estimate the relative risks (odds ratios) and standardized effects (beta coefficients) of different workloads and work-related stressors on these outcomes and to study any possible mediation between them.ResultsOn average, one in twelve health professionals showed increased burnout symptoms and every sixth one thought frequently of leaving the profession. Temporal, physical, emotional and mental workloads and job stresses were strongly and positively associated with burnout symptoms and thoughts of leaving the profession. However, the relative risks of increased burnout symptoms and frequent thoughts of leaving the profession were highest in the case of effort-reward and work-life imbalances. In fact, these two work-related stress measures partly or even largely mediated the relationships between exposures (workloads, job stresses) and outcomes and were found to be the strongest predictors of all. Whereas a work-life imbalance most strongly predicted burnout symptoms among health professionals (β = .35), and particularly physicians (β = .48), an effort-reward imbalance most strongly predicted thoughts of leaving the profession (β = .31–36). A substantial part of the variance was explained in the fully specified regression models across both major health professions and both outcomes. However, explained variance was most pronounced for burnout symptoms of physicians (43.3%) and for frequent thoughts of leaving the profession among nurses and midwives (28.7%).ConclusionsReducing workload and job stress, and particularly reward frustration at work, as well as the difficulties in combining work and private lives among health professionals, may help to prevent them from developing burnout and/or leaving the profession and consequently also to reduce turnover, early retirement, career endings and understaffing in healthcare settings.

Mirva Heikkilä, Ville Mankki, Tuike Iiskala et al.

The significance of theoretical knowledge for professional practice is widely acknowledged, but how students in professional education construct meanings of their major subject remains understudied. This study examined how primary student teachers reflect on the role of educational science in their professional knowledge. Textual data were collected after their first practicum in a Finnish primary teacher education programme. Discourse analysis identified four discourses. In the discourse of depth, educational science enabled a thorough understanding of pupils. In the discourse of multifacetedness, simultaneous consideration of multiple aspects of teaching was evident. In the discourse of topicality, teachers could stay updated regarding the knowledge society through educational science. The discourse of systemicity underscored the contribution of educational science to societal progress. This study provides a better understanding of student teachers’ professional knowledge in curriculum development and programme design within teacher education.

Louise Ashley

Across the UK and industrialised West, corporate law and medicine have diversified according to gender, yet their power has moved in opposite directions. This article asks what difference diversification makes to professions and the forms of power they exercise, with diversification defined here primarily as the increased representation of women and thus quantitative change. While mainstream accounts emphasise a ‘business case’ for diversity, which is expected to deliver organisational benefits such as productivity and performance, research on occupational segregation shows that demographic shifts can reduce occupational status even when outcomes remain equal. This paper brings related theories into dialogue with the sociology of the professions, using corporate law and medicine to argue that the effects of diversification vary by alignment: market-aligned law assimilates diversity as managed legitimacy to maintain power and hierarchy, while state-aligned medicine interprets or constructs feminisation as devaluation under audit and austerity. The paper advances a framework for understanding when diversity legitimises, destabilises, or enhances professions’ capacity to serve the public good.

Andreas Eriksen, Tone Alm Andreassen

Eva Králíková, L. Štěpánková, Anna Hornakova

OBJECTIVES The General University Hospital in Prague (GUH) is one of the largest hospitals in the Czech Republic. The prevalence of smoking among hospital staff is monitored as part of its Health Promoting Hospitals (HPH) network membership. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing anonymous questionnaires distributed to all hospital employees in the years 2012 and 2023 through the hospital's electronic system (response rates 25% and 28%, respectively). Data were analysed using chi-square tests to compare smoking prevalence across time and among subgroups based on profession, sex and age group. RESULTS The total prevalence of smoking decreased from 38.4% in 2012 to 14.5% in 2023. Among all doctors, the rates fell from 15.86% to 6.75% (p < 0.001). For male doctors, the figures changed from 17.05% to 9.27% (p = 0.012), while for female doctors, the rates decreased from 15.22% to 5.24% (p = 0.001). Among nurses, the smoking prevalence declined from 44.59% to 17.64% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The statistically significant reduction in smoking rates (p < 0.05) among both doctors and nurses is encouraging; however, there remains room for improvement. An increase in the use of other tobacco products was observed, particularly among nurses.

S. Nazarko, S. Suvorova

Modern society erases traditional gender boundaries in the professional activities of employees of different levels, statuses, and fields of employment. Professions that were previously considered purely male are now effectively performed by women. This testifies not only to their high qualification and professionalism, but also to the ability to reincarnate for their own benefit and social necessity. In the conditions of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the demand for so-called «male» professions among women has increased significantly. This is due to the need to fill the workforce in strategically important sectors – in defense, industry, transport, construction, etc. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the socio-economic consequences of this process and its impact on the gender replacement of labor resources. It is important to assess how the involvement of women in traditionally male professions affects labor productivity, the level of employment and social integration of women in today’s conditions. The study will also contribute to the development of recommendations to support gender equality in the labor market in times of crisis. In general, the study of this topic is a necessary factor influencing the formation of an effective economic and legal policy in Ukraine. The increasing number of cases of women taking up «male» professions has both positive and negative factors. The positives include expanding economic opportunities for women, reducing gender stereotypes, and increasing labor efficiency due to the diversity of the free labor sphere. Negative factors include potential discrimination, physical exertion that is difficult for some women, and social conflicts due to the violation of traditional gender roles. The study of these factors is important for the development of policies aimed at promoting equality in the labor market and ensuring the harmonious coexistence of all workers. This will help create an effective work environment that maximizes the labor resources of all employees, regardless of gender. Key words: profession, gender substitution, labor resources, labor potential, social integration, «male» professions.

Andrea Winzer, M. Jansky

BACKGROUND Postgraduate training in general medicine should be oriented on competencies and profession-forming, as is suggested by the German Regulations on Specialist Training of federal and state governments and the Competence-based Curriculum General Medicine. The learnability of general practitioner (GP) roles and the profession-forming orientation of the postgraduate training conditions during the outpatient postgraduate training period were investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional study in questionnaire design was conducted from October until December 2019 among 220 physicians in postgraduate training who were registered at the Association of Statutory Health Insurance-Accredited Physicians in Rhineland-Palatinate for the specialty of general medicine. The GP roles surveyed were based on the "CanMEDS General Medicine" roles. Using indicators created from the didactic model "Cognitive Apprenticeship", profession-forming alignment of postgraduate training conditions in the GP practices were studied. The data obtained were analysed descriptively. RESULTS The response of 70 evaluable questionnaires included a gender distribution of 51 female and 18 male family medicine residents. The family medicine residents were almost equally divided between single-handed practices, cooperating practice associations and group practices. Slightly more than half of the female physicians worked part-time, whereas the male physicians were all full-time employees. The roles of "member of an interprofessional team", "health advocate" and "medical expert" were perceived as learnable by 70 to 90% of the family medicine residents. In addition to approval, varying degrees of indecision and rejection were expressed regarding the learnability of the roles of "teacher/scholar", "member of a network" and "employer". A slight majority considered the appropriation of the role of "practice manager" to be critical. Within the survey of profession-forming postgraduate training conditions, the indicators "accessible contact person", "collegial appreciation" and "assumption of responsibility" were approved by more than 90% in some cases. The indicators "access to GP acting" (approx. 86%) and "resilience" (approx. 71%) also received high approval ratings. However, the indicator "continuous feedback" only received a slight majority of approval. DISCUSSION GP postgraduate training practices in Rhineland-Palatinate apparently offer suitable educational locations to family medicine residents to acquire a solid basis for professional practising and the skills for patient-oriented communicating of preventive health-promoting contents. Male physicians seem to follow more traditional professional hierarchies. In contrast, female physicians are more receptive to teamwork but tend to be sceptical about adopting a leadership position. The learnability of particular GP roles may benefit from close collaboration with the practice owner, especially in single-handed practices. In addition, the working time model chosen seems to have an effect. CONCLUSIONS It can be assumed that profession-forming postgraduate training conditions predominate in Rhineland-Palatinate GP postgraduate training practices, where the role of "medical expert" also appeared to be learnable in most cases. The learnability of GP roles were influenced by the factors "gender", "working time model" and "form of practice" in some cases significantly. Consequently, it could have a quality-enhancing impact if these factors were taken into account in the development of measures to realize competence orientation in GP postgraduate training.

Marie Leth Meilvang

Artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision-support are relatively new technologies within the field of social work. This paper investigates how the social work profession in Denmark responds to the current technological changes. Analysing articles from professional journals associated with the Danish Association of Social Workers, online content on the association’s website, and interviews with key actors involved in the association’s work on technology, this paper shows how professional agents legitimize and criticise these technologies, thereby performing different kinds of boundary work. The paper will show how such boundary work, carried out by the profession of social work in Denmark, change over time, and how, in the discussion on artificial intelligence, the profession reinforces its own position within the welfare state, demarcates the boundaries between the profession of social work and other occupational groups, and formulates a new professional project.

Tine Kirkegaard Jensen

Alona Petrova

The study is devoted to the state of training specialists in active tourism in the context of tourism specialists’ training. The goals of the article are to analyse the structure of educational programs in the specialty «242 Tourism» regarding the availability of sports and health (active) tourism disciplines; to provide quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the educational components of the studied direction. Methods. The study was carried out at the expense of quantitative and qualitative analysis of educational programs and components; comparison, systematization and generalization of the researched material in the specialty 242 Tourism (in the direction of sports and recreation and active tourism). Results. The author analysed forty-one educational programs in the specialty «242 Tourism (Bachelor)», studied educational programs, curricula, work programs of disciplines and educational and production practices in the direction of active tourism. Moreover, the analysis criteria were presented: the presence in the educational program of the profession of active tourism guide; the presence of specialized educational components that form the necessary competencies. As for the educational components of active tourism offered by the institutions, the results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: sixteen institutions offer mandatory educational components; in the context of subjects of free choice ‒ thirteen higher educational institutions; specialized practice (tourist trip) ‒ only five out of forty-one institutions offer on-site training in the form of a trip. Consequently, twenty-four institutions from the general list offer employment as sports and health tourism instructors. Eighteen of them ensure the acquisition of relevant knowledge, skills and abilities. Conclusions. The number of educational programs where sports and health tourism disciplines are mandatory is gradually decreasing. Such a picture indicates a contradiction between the requirements of the state to support and popularize a healthy lifestyle of the nation and the training of specialists in the tourism industry in this direction. As a result, we see the presence (absence) of practitioners in sports and health tourism at specialized departments; the available (absent) material and technical support of specialized departments regarding the organization of theoretical and practical training of sports and health specialists.

M. Barsuk

The article aims to provide a clear understanding of the general and special tasks involved in judges’ social protection in Ukraine. In general, social protection encompasses specific actions carried out by entities responsible for ensuring judges’ social security through protective measures. These actions are aimed at creating socially safe conditions for judges, including retired judges and their families. By analyzing different scholarly perspectives on the main tasks of social protection, the article establishes that judges’ social protection tasks can be classified into general and special categories. The general tasks of social protection for judges stem from the broader tasks of social protection for individuals and citizens in Ukraine. This is done by considering the judicial position’s vulnerability. These tasks include ensuring sustainable social security and socioeconomic status for judges, facilitating adaptive measures that meet social security criteria, such as providing a living wage aligned with their needs, and supporting Ukraine’s socioeconomic development. Additionally, material assistance is offered to judges in need, and social support is extended to judges facing challenging life circumstances. On the other hand, judges’ special tasks in social protection focus on fulfilling specific objectives to safeguard employees’ social security (particularly civil servants) through appropriate protective measures. These tasks encompass ensuring decent working conditions for judges, compensating for restrictions and prohibitions prescribed by administrative legislation that pose social risks for judges, providing judges with regular and substantial remuneration, enhancing the prestige of the judicial profession, fostering professional growth opportunities for judges, and ensuring career stability. In conclusion, the article summarizes the scholarly exploration findings.

Natalia Vydolob, Olga Hreilikh

The relevance of the stated research topic is determined by the urgent importance of the formation of professional competencies of future teachers in the process of their education in higher pedagogical education, as a factor that determines the success of their further professional activities. The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of the formation of professional competencies of future teachers and to determine the main criteria that influence this process. At the same time, the authors took into account both the stage of students’ education in universities and their pedagogical practice in schools. The leading methodological approach in this research work is a combination of methods of systematic analysis of the process of formation of competence of the future teacher at the stage of his education in higher education, with analytical study of prospects for professional competence of future teachers in the process of direct entry into the profession and gradual mastery. pedagogical skills. The results of this research clearly demonstrate the importance of forming professional competence in future teachers at the stage of their education in higher education, in terms of understanding the basics of the teaching profession and creating future teachers the right level of motivation to perform their professional duties in the future. The results and conclusions of this research are of great practical importance for future teachers who learn the basics of professional skills at the stage of higher education, as well as for employees of the education system interested in improving their own professional competencies.

T. Olefirenko, Mykola Pryhodii, D. Voronina-pryhodii

Relevance: the integration processes in the relations between Europe and Ukraine on the organization of education and public life actualize the need to analyse the European experience in training future teachers, but the process of reforming the education system today has many problems in training highly qualified specialists in the field of education. Aim: determining the specifics of vocational teacher education in the leading countries of the European Community. Methods: analysis to determine the state of professional and pedagogical training of future teachers in Germany, France and Italy; generalization to formulate conclusions about the state of training of future teachers. Results: it is established that the ultimate goal of introducing inquiry-based learning in German teacher education is to increase the professionalization of future teachers, which can be described by two internationally known concepts: "teacher as a reflexive practitioner" and "teacher as a researcher"; it is determined that in France there are uniform standards of teacher education throughout the country, integration of theoretical, practical and research components of professional training; passing a competitive exam to fill a vacant position in educational institutions of various types due to the fact that teaching staff belong to the category of civil servants, a competency-based approach to the expected learning outcomes; the article reveals that the Italian teacher education system is based on a "sequential model" for secondary school teachers, which requires a strong disciplinary competence, followed by a one- or two-year training program. Conclusions: Germany has announced significant investments in the digitalization of education. The country is preparing for fundamental changes in the skills of its workforce by implementing digital initiatives and reorienting the adult education system.  The teaching staff is aging, and Germany faces the challenge of replacing a large number of teachers. In France, efforts continue to improve educational outcomes and reduce inequality, with support for teaching staff and increased funding measures. Authorities face the challenge of balancing the rapid pace of reform with the need to consult with stakeholders to ensure optimal impact. The proportion of Italian teachers satisfied with their jobs is among the highest in the EU, but only a small proportion feel that their profession is valued. The level of higher education is low, and the transition from education to work remains difficult even for highly qualified people.

O. Kulyk

The article focuses attention on the gender approach, which is relevant to modern education, applied to teaching education seekers, in particular teaching the Ukrainian language in terms of their professional self-determination / becoming. The research goal of the article is to analyse the problems of the gender approach in teaching basing on normative documents that govern its implementation in education; to illustrate the gender approach practical implementation to teaching the Ukrainian language in Institutions of General Secondary Education (GSE) and General Vocational and Technical Education (GVTE) in the aspect of education seekers’ professional self-determination / becoming. Methods. The research methods used by the author were observation, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systematization, generalization and modeling. The results. The gender approach in teaching is declared by a number of normative documents, but in the content of education, unfortunately, it is at the initial stage of implementation. With this in mind, gender-competent teachers are looking for their own ways, directions, ways, methods and techniques to solve the problem of implementing a gender approach to teaching in Ukrainian language lessons. Conclusions. The author of the article stated that it is possible to apply the gender approach in teaching the Ukrainian language only with purposeful, thoughtful, systematic and regular application of text exercises and tasks to them, which directly and covertly affirm gender equality in Ukrainian society. The author added that, in particular, this could be facilitated by adding some units such as "Introducing to the World of Professions" to Ukrainian language textbooks. Moreover the texts from the units could be used by teachers for dictations, translations or exercises to each section of the school curriculum, and for stimulating schoolboys’ and schoolgirls’ interest in independent choosing a future profession, the ways of further training, in turn it will help to overcome gender stereotypes, avoid gender asymmetry, achieve gender equality in general, be aware of gender-neutral assessment of professions, gender partnership, modernize a career guidance in General Secondary Education and General Vocational and Technical Education. The proposed article contains the examples of such texts.

Ane Refshauge Høyrup

Jakob Ditlev Bøje

This article describes how school leadership, as a response to omnipresent hopes and expectations, seems to be shrouded by mystery and new forms of secular religion. This results in new divisions of labour – between a profane, everyday praxis, a kind of magic management, and divine leadership. The article is theoretically informed by the social anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski, and it is based on empirical data from a project on qualification of school leadership in the Danish Folkeskole (primary and lower secondary school).