Hasil untuk "Nursing"

Hediye Karakoç, Hava Ozkan

Abstract Background Simulation-based education is widely used to enhance clinical competence and communication skills in health professions. However, limited evidence exists on combined educational models that integrate simulation with structured counseling to strengthen empathy and privacy protection among midwifery students. Methods This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a two-component educational intervention—wearable birth simulation followed by seven weeks of structured counseling—on students’ empathic tendency and privacy protection competencies. A total of 105 final-year midwifery students were randomly assigned to three groups: normal birth simulation (n = 35), breech birth simulation (n = 35), and control (n = 35). Data were collected at four time points using the Empathic Tendency Scale and the Privacy Protection in Obstetrics and Gynecology Scale. Mixed-model analyses were applied. Results Students in the breech birth simulation group demonstrated significantly higher empathy scores compared with the control group (p = 0.025). Across all groups, empathy and privacy awareness increased significantly over time (p < 0.001). However, the intervention did not produce significant improvements in the frequency of applying privacy-protective behaviors (p > 0.05). Conclusions The combined intervention—simulation followed by structured counseling—enhanced students’ empathy and awareness regarding privacy protection, although behavioral change did not occur to the same extent. Integrating multi-component educational strategies into midwifery curricula may strengthen both emotional and cognitive dimensions of respectful maternity care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05864859. Registered on 05 May 2023.

Rui Han, Xiaoyu Deng, Hebing Liu et al.

BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) morbidity has been increasing in recent years. Patients with AP exhibit highly variable symptom patterns over time, posting challenges to traditional analytical methods. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) effectively aligns temporal sequences of different rhythms, offering a novel approach to model these complex dynamics.ObjectiveThis study employs DTW technology to systematically analyze the individualized developmental trajectories of symptom clusters in patients with AP, delving into the heterogeneous characteristics during the process of time series changes.MethodsIn a longitudinal study of 155 patients with AP, 32 symptoms were assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale at hospitalization and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-discharge. DTW was used to analyze temporal dynamics, generating individual symptom distance matrices. At the group level, these matrices are integrated using Distatis analysis, followed by hierarchical clustering to identify symptom clusters and network analysis to determine central symptoms.ResultsEach patient had unique symptom manifestations and dynamic change patterns. Six major symptom clusters were identified: emotional disorder cluster, appetite disorder cluster, multi-system physical discomfort cluster, localized physiological perception abnormality cluster, functional decline cluster, and abdominal discomfort cluster. Centrality analysis revealed that the appetite domain exhibited high centrality, suggesting that its variation may influence multiple aspects of patient experience.ConclusionDynamic Time Warping provides a novel and effective approach for analyzing the temporal trajectories of symptoms both within and across individuals. The research results provide methodological support and empirical evidence for individualized symptom management, early intervention, and predictive model construction of AP progression.

Windy W. Alonso, Sara E. Bills, Scott W. Lundgren et al.

Abstract Aims Most adults with stable heart failure are safe to exercise at a moderate intensity for 150 min/week. Regular participation in exercise may improve outcomes in adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Few adults with HFpEF initiate and sustain long‐term exercise. To promote exercise adherence in adults with HFpEF, we developed the Heart Failure Exercise and Resistance Training (HEART) Camp Connect intervention that is tested in this clinical trial. This trial tests our central hypothesis that theory‐informed coaching strategies delivered virtually will promote long‐term adherence to exercise in adults with HFpEF and drive clinically meaningful, and cost‐effective improvements in physiological and patient‐reported outcomes. Our aims are to (a) evaluate the effects of virtual and in‐person exercise and coaching on long‐term adherence, (b) determine a benchmark of minutes of moderate intensity exercise associated with health status as related to key biobehavioural outcomes, (c) examine behaviour change theory‐defined constructs as mediators of exercise adherence and (d) evaluate intervention costs. Methods This 18 month, three‐group, repeated measures randomized controlled trial is enrolling 300 adults with HFpEF. Participants are randomized to enhanced usual care (EUC), virtual coaching, or in‐person coaching. Our intervention applies coaching strategies, informed by behaviour change theories, in one‐on‐one and group settings weekly for 12 months. Our objective is to compare the effects of each delivery method to the other and EUC on exercise adherence (defined as ≥ 120 min of moderate intensity exercise/week) at 12 months (primary endpoint) and 18 months (sustainability endpoint). Secondary outcomes include minutes of moderate intensity exercise needed to drive minimal clinically important differences in health status, biomarkers, patient‐reported symptoms and cost. Behaviour change theory‐defined constructs (e.g., self‐efficacy and outcome expectations) will be tested as mediators of exercise adherence. Results We expect that virtual coaching is equally as efficacious and more cost effective at promoting exercise adherence as in‐person coaching. Effects on exercise adherence may be mediated by theory‐defined constructs. We also expect to identify a threshold for minutes of moderate intensity exercise to potentially serve as an adherence benchmark in adults with HFpEF, one that may differ from the 120 min of exercise in our current definition. Conclusions These findings could shift the paradigm of exercise coaching in HF towards virtual delivery and increase the generalizability and reach of exercise training. This is especially important for adults with HFpEF as they are excluded from Medicare reimbursement for traditional cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.

Carrie Brooke-Sumner, Yandisa Sikweyiya, Mercilene T Machisa et al.

Introduction Young people in higher education face various stressors that can make them vulnerable to mental ill-health. Mental health promotion in this group therefore has important potential benefits. Peer-facilitated and group-format interventions may be feasible and sustainable. The scoping review outlined in this protocol aims to map the literature on group-format, peer-facilitated, in-person interventions for mental health promotion for higher education students attending courses on campuses in high and low/middle-income countries.Methods and analysis Relevant studies will be identified through conducting searches of electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC and PsycINFO. Searches will be conducted using Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and truncation functions appropriate for each database. We will include a grey literature search. We will include articles from student participants of any gender, and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2023. We will include English-language studies and all study types including randomised controlled trials, pilot studies and descriptive studies of intervention development. A draft charting table has been developed, which includes the fields: author, publication date, country/countries, aims, population and sample size, demographics, methods, intervention type, comparisons, peer training, number of sessions/duration of intervention, outcomes and details of measures.Ethics and dissemination No primary data will be collected from research participants to produce this review so ethics committee approval is not required. All data will be collated from published peer-reviewed studies already in the public domain. We will publish the review in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal accessible to researchers in low/middle-income countries. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/agbfj/).

Nadia Khakzad, Ehteramsadat Ilali, AbolfazlHosein Nattaj et al.

Background and purpose: Active aging involves optimizing opportunities to enhance the quality of life in older age. Environmental differences and lifestyle variations between urban and rural areas can significantly affect active aging. This study aimed to compare the indicators of active aging among elderly individuals in urban and rural areas of Behshahr, while also identifying the factors associated with these indicators in 2023. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study employed a proportional quota sampling method to examine 350 elderly individuals from comprehensive health service centers in Behshahr. The tools used included a demographic-social factors form and a 40-item questionnaire on the Iranian Active Aging Index. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and linear regression tests. Results: The mean age of the elderly participants was 70.96±13.8 years. Among the participants, 52% were men, and 61% were married. The average scores on the Active Aging Index were 111.47±30.48 for urban residents and 93.73±21.66 for rural residents, demonstrating that urban elderly individuals had significantly higher scores than their rural counterparts (P<0.001). Married elderly individuals in both groups scored significantly higher on the Active Aging Index compared to single individuals. Participants with higher education levels and income also achieved significantly greater scores. In contrast, an increase in age and the number of children was associated with a notable reduction in the Active Aging Index score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Attention to geographical, cultural, and social differences is crucial when formulating policies for the elderly. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to develop infrastructure that improves access to health and social services for older adults in rural areas. These findings can guide policymakers in enhancing the quality of life for older adults, highlighting the importance of addressing the unique needs of diverse groups.

Gembe M, Tariku T, Tesfaye T et al.

Maycas Gembe,1 Tizita Tariku,1 Temamen Tesfaye,2 Endalew Hailu Hailu2 1Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia; 2School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Maycas Gembe, Tel +251 936704900, Email MaycasDembelu27@gmail.comIntroduction: Palliative care is not yet widely available. Each year, approximately 58 million people worldwide require palliative care. In Africa, an estimated 9.7 million people require palliative care. In Ethiopia, the integration of palliative care into the country’s health system has taken several years. Previous studies conducted on palliative care have emphasized on the knowledge of nurses towards palliative care, and some studies have attempted to assess the practice of palliative care in specific areas of the country. However, we studied the practice of palliative care at a national level. So, the purpose of the study is to identify nurses’ palliative care practice level and factors associated with palliative care.Methods: We employed a facility-based cross-sectional study design to assess palliative care practices. We considered tertiary hospitals with functional cancer centers. To conduct this study, we included nurses from three hospitals; we recruited 255 nurses from these hospitals. The dependent variable of palliative care practice of nurses was first measured in continuous scale measurement and then converted to dichotomous outcome variable based on a 75% score cutoff value. Based on the multivariable logistic regression output, we considered variables with a p-value of < 0.05 as the factors significantly associated with good palliative care practice.Results: We collected data from 249 nurses, with a response rate of 98%. Based on our findings, 57% of nurses had good palliative care practices. We also identified that the type of healthcare facility, nurses’ knowledge of palliative care, nurses’ level of academic qualification, and nurses’ attitudes towards palliative care were factors associated with the level of palliative care practice.Conclusion: This score of palliative care practice level should be improved. The Federal Ministry of Health, along with healthcare facilities in general and tertiary hospitals in particular, should strengthen good palliative care practice by providing up-to-date training for nurses.Keywords: palliative care, nurses, tertiary hospital, Ethiopia

Davinia Vicente-Campos, Sandra Sánchez-Jorge, Luis Martí et al.

Oxidative stress has been proposed as a significant part of the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia, and the phase angle in bioelectrical impedance analysis has been explored as a potential technique to screen oxidative abnormalities. This study recruited 35 women with fibromyalgia and 35 healthy women, who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis and maximum isometric handgrip strength tests. Women with fibromyalgia showed lower bilateral handgrip strength (right hand: 16.39 ± 5.87 vs. 27.53 ± 4.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001; left hand: 16.31 ± 5.51 vs. 27.61 ± 4.14, <i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as higher body fat mass (27.14 ± 10.21 vs. 19.94 ± 7.25, <i>p</i> = 0.002), body fat percentage (37.80 ± 8.32 vs. 30.63 ± 7.77, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and visceral fat area (136.76 ± 55.31 vs. 91.65 ± 42.04, <i>p</i> < 0.01) compared with healthy women. There was no statistically significant difference in muscle mass between groups, but women with fibromyalgia showed lower phase angles in all body regions when compared with healthy control women (right arm: 4.42 ± 0.51 vs. 4.97 ± 0.48, <i>p</i> < 0.01; left arm: 4.23 ± 0.48 vs. 4.78 ± 0.50, <i>p</i> < 0.001; trunk: 5.62 ± 0.77 vs. 6.78 ± 0.84, <i>p</i> < 0.001; right leg: 5.28 ± 0.56 vs. 5.81 ± 0.60, <i>p</i> < 0.001; left leg: 5.07 ± 0.51 vs. 5.69 ± 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.001; whole body: 4.81 ± 0.47 vs. 5.39 ± 0.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, whole-body phase-angle reduction was only predicted by the presence of fibromyalgia (<i>R</i>² = 0.264; β = 0.639; F_(1,68) = 24.411; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Our study revealed significantly lower phase angle values, lower handgrip strength, and higher fat levels in women with fibromyalgia compared to healthy controls, which are data of clinical relevance when dealing with such patients.

Ebele, E. Nnadozie, Obinna O. Ike, Ngozi U. Chuke et al.

The study investigated the influence of psychological ownership on the association between satisfaction with work-family balance and intention to stay in the profession in South-Eastern Nigerian public hospitals. An exploratory research design was adopted for a study that was conducted among 389 nurses recruited from public hospitals in South-eastern Nigeria (females: 373 (96 %); males: 16(4 %); mean age: 37.40 years; SD = 6.33). Participants completed self-report measures of satisfaction with work-family balance, psychological ownership, and intention to stay. Regression analyses showed that work-family balance and psychological ownership positively correlated with nurses' intention to stay. Psychological ownership also moderated the relationship between satisfaction with work-family balance and intention to stay. These findings indicated that psychological ownership and satisfaction with work-family balance are necessary preconditions for striking a balance between job demands and employees’ responsibilities to encourage intention to stay and improve commitment and productivity. Thus, the current findings help hospital managements comprehend and appreciate the critical roles of psychological ownership and satisfaction with work-family balance in enhancing nurses’ intention to stay.

Zeleke S, Kefale D

Shegaw Zeleke,1 Demewoz Kefale2 1Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Shegaw Zeleke Email shegawzn@gmail.comBackground: Oxygen therapy is a medical treatment and prescribed to prevent or treat hypoxemia. Based on a WHO report every year at least 1.4 million deaths occur due to the lack of supplemental oxygen therapy and inappropriate administration of oxygen.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of nurses on supplemental oxygen therapy in Debre Tabor General Hospital, 2019.Methods: Data was collected using structured questionnaires that measure nurses&rsquo; knowledge and practice regarding supplemental oxygen therapy. Data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the association between independent and outcome variables.Results: Only one-third of nurses had a good practice on supplemental oxygen administration. Nurses who had good knowledge of supplemental oxygen administration were 12-times (AOR=12.25, 95% CI=6.48&ndash; 32.93) more likely to have a good practice of supplemental oxygen administration than those who had poor knowledge of supplemental oxygen administration.Conclusion: There is a clear knowledge and practice gap among nurses working in Debre Tabor General Hospital. The knowledge and practice level of nurses in the study area is low compared with others. The possible factors were identified; such as lack of supplemental oxygen therapy training, absence of supplemental oxygen administration standard guidelines, workload, and inadequate supply of oxygen and delivery devices.Keywords: knowledge, practice, supplemental oxygen therapy, nurse

Berg, Timm Tristan, Wicker, Sabine

Objective: Work-related vaccinations are recommended for employees in nursing and health care professions due to their elevated risk of infection because of job-related exposure. These vaccinations prevent work-related infections, protect patients and help to maintain the medical infrastructure. Thorough training and imparting of knowledge about vaccinations and work-related infections are essential pillars of the vaccination decision and thus for achieving a protective immune status. The present study examines the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of nursing- and health care students in Hesse regarding work-related infections and vaccinations.Methods: In spring 2018, seven nursing schools in Hesse took part in an anonymous survey study. A total of 690 surveys from students of various health care professions were included in the study. The content of the survey was based on the recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), a literature review and sample questions from the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding “vaccine hesitancy”. Vaccination cards were also evaluated based on the STIKO recommendations concerning standard vaccinations and occupational vaccinations for health care workers.Results: The risk of acquiring a work-related infection was estimated to be quite high over all years of training. Gaps in knowledge were particularly evident in the area of vaccinations. Only three quarter of those surveyed believed that the effectiveness of vaccinations has been proven, and nearly 30% believed that the doses of the drugs used in vaccines were dangerous. Over 80% of the students had never had an influenza vaccination documented in their vaccination card.Conclusions: The knowledge about vaccinations imparted in the course of the education should be expanded. A special course on the subject of vaccinations and the immune system with practical elements could contribute to a better understanding of how vaccinations work and misunderstandings could be eliminated in early stages of the training through the dialog between the students and the teacher in the classroom and the occupational physician as part of preventive occupational health check-ups.

Marianne Mahler, Anne Clancy, Aud Johannessen et al.

Nordic Health Promotion Perspectives on Older Adults Participation and Sense og Security Demographic changes and the growing elderly population in Scandinavia provide an incentive to study Health Ageing in the Nordic Countries. The chosen Nordic perspective takes into account commonalities and differences in socio-economic status, welfare systems, gender, history and culture. It also involves focusing on the health of individuals and populations. The Nordic perspective and the authors’ understanding of health and health promotion provide a backdrop for the essay. The authors are part of the Nordic Health Promotion Network (NHPRN), which is grounded in an ethics of health and well-being. This understanding highlights key values such as participation, justice and equality (freedom from discrimination), autonomy (independence). The authors focus mainly on the importance of participation and on the older person’s sense of security in this paper. We seek answers to what prevents and in which way Healthy Ageing can be promoted in the Northern countries. Concepts such as discrimination, retirement, dementia, nursing home residents’ access to nature and the elements, and the importance of relationships are illuminated.

Consuelo Gomez Serrano

Esta investigación fue motivada por la necesidad de identificar en la población en la que se adelantan las prácticas docentes de los programas académicos de la Facultad, las creencias que las madres tienen sobre la enfermedad diarreica aguda. Se consideró de importancia este acercamiento a la población sujeto de atención, porque en nuestro medio es muy escasa la literatura profesional que profundiza en el conocimiento de la comunidad con relación a problemas trascendentales de salud. En el análisis de datos se describen las características personales de las madres de los menores de cinco años; se verifican las experiencias previas con episodios diarreicos; se relacionan las condiciones de salubridad del ambiente de la vivienda y se profundiza en los conocimientos y creencias existentes sobre la prevención, identificación y tratamiento de la enfermedad diarréica aguda El estudio permite hacer recomendaciones sobre programas de educación en salud y sobre modalidades de atención con relación a la prevención real de la enteritis y de los esquemas más apropiados para el desarrollo de programas de hidratación oral.

María del Pilar Ureña-Molina, Isabel María López-Medina, Pedro Luis Pancorbo-Hidalgo

Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de competencias sobre Práctica Basada en Evidencia en estudiantes de un programa de Enfermería de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Mediante un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, el estudio se desarrolló en 2 fases. La primera fase consistió en la adaptación cultural y validación de contenido del cuestionario de Competencias en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (CACH-PBE) al contexto Colombiano; este instrumento valora tres factores: Actitudes, Habilidades y Conocimientos. En la segunda fase se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra de 291 estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de una Universidad de Cúcuta, Colombia, durante el primer semestre del 2016. Resultados. Se encontró un promedio de edad de 20 años, de género femenino en su mayoría, el 57,4 % de ellos no tenía ninguna formación previa sobre PBE y el 57.1 % la había recibido en metodología de investigación. La puntuación global de competencia en PBE fue de 3,58 sobre un máximo de 5, destacando la dimensión Actitudes hacia la PBE con mayor puntuación y la dimensión Conocimientos con menor; encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas a mayor medida en que los estudiantes se encontraban en un semestre superior. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes obtuvieron un nivel medio en competencias para la PBE, asociándose un impacto positivo de la formación académica recibida, ya que en los últimos semestres se evidenció mayor puntuación con respecto a los primeros.

Fernanda Hannah da Silva Copelli, Roberta Juliane Tono de Oliveira, Claudia Manuela Siqueira de Oliveira et al.

Objetivo: evidenciar o conhecimento científico sobre a teoria da complexidade nas publicações científicas sobre gestão em enfermagem e saúde. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que foi realizada em maio de 2014, nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e PubMed por meio da combinação das seguintes palavras-chave: teoria da complexidade, pensamento complexo, Edgar Morin, enfermeiros, enfermagem, organização, administração, gestão e gerência. Resultados: foram incluídos dez artigos. Interpretação: evidenciou-se o crescimento da produção científica sobre o pensamento complexo na gestão de enfermagem e saúde. Todos eram artigos originais; sete de abordagem qualitativa. Construíram-se duas categorias temáticas: “Pensamento complexo que sustenta as práticas da gerência do cuidado” e “Administração complexa na perspectiva das organizações de enfermagem e saúde”. Conclusões: o pensamento complexo é um paradigma relacionado a integralidade, muldisciplinaridade, atenção às redes de apoio e articulação dos saberes. Foi empregado como modelo de gestão em organizações vivas e imprevisíveis para promover a organização dos sistemas complexos adaptativos. Este estudo contribui com a aproximação do referencial da complexidade com os conceitos de gestão em enfermagem e saúde, conferindo maior visibilidade para futuras publicações. doi: 10.5294/aqui.2016.16.4.8

Renata Leite Alves de Oliveira, Cátia Regina Branco da Fonseca, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite Carvalhaes et al.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the quality of the pre-natal care delivered in primary care, comparing the traditional model and the Family Health Strategy. METHOD: a service evaluation study, grounded in the public health policies. The data was obtained from interviews with managers, observation in the health centers, and analysis of patient records of pregnant women, selected at random. Differences in the indicators for structure and process were evaluated using the Chi-squared test, adopting p<0.05 as the critical value, calculation of the odds ratio, and confidence intervals of 95%. RESULTS: Similar structures were evidenced in both models of care. Synthesis indicators for the process created in the present study, and those indicated by the public policies, indicated that the situation is more favorable in Family Health Centers. Regarding the set of activities called for in pre-natal care, the performance was flawed in both models, although it was slightly better in the Family Health Centers. CONCLUSION: the results indicate the need for actions to improve pre-natal care in the two models of primary care evaluated in the municipality.<br> OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la calidad del cuidado prenatal desarrollado en la atenci&#243;n primaria, comparando los modelos tradicional y Estrategia Salud de la Familia. M&#201;TODO: estudio de evaluaci&#243;n de servicio, pautado en las pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de salud. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevista con gerentes, observaci&#243;n en las unidades de salud y an&#225;lisis de archivos de gestantes elegidos aleatoriamente. Diferencias en los indicadores de estructura y proceso fueron evaluadas mediante el test ji cuadrado, adopt&#225;ndose p<0,05 como nivel cr&#237;tico, c&#225;lculo de los odds ratio e intervalos de confianza del 95%. RESULTADOS: Fueron evidenciadas estructuras semejantes en ambos modelos de atenci&#243;n. Indicadores s&#237;ntesis de proceso creados en este estudio y aquellos indicados por las pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas mostraron situaci&#243;n m&#225;s favorable en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Para el conjunto de actividades recomendadas para el prenatal, el desempe&#241;o fue deficiente en ambos modelos, aunque poco mejor en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia. CONCLUSI&#211;N: los resultados indican la necesidad de acciones para mejorar la atenci&#243;n prenatal en los dos modelos de atenci&#243;n b&#225;sica en el municipio evaluado.<br> OBJETIVOS: avaliar a qualidade do cuidado pr&#233;-natal desenvolvido na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria, comparando os modelos tradicional e Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia. M&#201;TODO: estudo de avalia&#231;&#227;o de servi&#231;o, pautado nas pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de sa&#250;de. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com gerentes, observa&#231;&#227;o nas unidades de sa&#250;de e an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rios de gestantes, selecionados aleatoriamente. Diferen&#231;as nos indicadores de estrutura e processo foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se p<0,05 como n&#237;vel cr&#237;tico, c&#225;lculo dos odds ratio e intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95%. RESULTADOS: foram evidenciadas estruturas semelhantes em ambos os modelos de aten&#231;&#227;o. Indicadores-s&#237;ntese de processo, criados neste estudo, e os indicados pelas pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas apontaram situa&#231;&#227;o mais favor&#225;vel nas Unidades de Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia. Para o conjunto de atividades preconizadas para o pr&#233;-natal, o desempenho foi deficiente em ambos os modelos, embora pouco melhor nas Unidades de Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia. CONCLUS&#195;O: os resultados indicam a necessidade de a&#231;&#245;es para melhoria da aten&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-natal nos dois modelos de aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica no munic&#237;pio avaliado.

Pollyana Cristina dos Santos Ferreira, Darlene Mara dos Santos Tavares, Nayara Paula Fernandes Martins et al.

Objetivou-se comparar as variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida dos idosos com e sem indicativo de depressão. Trata-sede um inquérito domiciliar, descritivo, transversal e observacional, do qual participaram 850 idosos residentes na zona rural de um município de Minas Gerais. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos estruturados e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada, seguidos de análise descritiva e teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Predominaram os idosos com indicativo de depressão do sexo feminino, 80 anos ou mais, donas de casa, que não realizavam atividade física e não faziam uso de álcool, quando comparados aos sem indicativo. A proporção de idosos sem indicativo de depressão foi significativamente superior à dos idosos com indicativo quanto às atividades de passatempo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação ao arranjo de moradia e tabagismo. Conclui-se que esses resultados podem subsidiar o desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção da depressão, além do tratamento e recuperação dos acometidos.

Maristela Belletti Mutt Urasaki, Maria Helena Sant Ana Mandelbaum, Carina Pinheiro Barreto

Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, cujos objetivos foram investigar o aparecimento de manchas de pele na gravidez; identificar a evolução do quadro e descrever as repercussões desta condição após o parto. A pesquisa foi realizada em unidades básicas de saúde da cidade de São Paulo e os dados apresentados são parte de um estudo amplo. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2010 por meio de formulário preenchido pelas pesquisadoras e contou com a participação de 234 puérperas. Dessas, 104(44,4%) referiram o surgimento de manchas na gravidez. A maioria expressou incômodo pela ocorrência do problema, sendo a dimensão emocional a mais afetada. Grande parte não adotou medidas preventivas no prénatal e não recebeu orientação sobre o problema. Os resultados revelam necessidade de maior atenção e planejamento de intervenções nos programas de atenção à saúde quanto aos problemas dermatológicos, considerados como de baixa letalidade e muitas vezes negligenciados.   ABSTRACT This descriptive quantitative study was designed to investigate the appearance of blemishes in pregnancy, trace the condition’s development, and describe its effects after childbirth. The survey was conducted in primary health care clinics in São Paulo City. The data, which form part of a broader study, were collected in the first half of 2010 using a form completed by the researchers. Of the sample of 234 women, 104(44.4%) mentioned the appearance of pregnancy blemishes. The vast majority expressed annoyance at the problem, and the emotional dimension was the most affected. Most participants adopted no preventive measures during the prenatal period, and received no guidance on this matter. The results reflect a need for greater attention and planning of interventions by health care programs for skin problems that are considered of low lethality and often neglected.   RESUMEN Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, cuyos objetivos fueron investigar la aparición de manchas de piel en El embarazo; identificar la evolución del cuadro y describir el impacto de esta condición después del parto. La pesquisa se llevó a cabo en unidades de atención primaria en la ciudad de São Paulo-SP-Brasil y los datos hacen parte de un estudio más amplio. Estos fueron colectados en el primer semestre de 2010 a través de un formulario hecho por las pesquisidoras e contó con La participación de 234 puérperas. De ellas, 104(44,4%) informaron aparición de manchas en el embarazo. La gran mayoría expresó malestar por la ocurrencia del problema, y la dimensión emocional fue la más afectada. Una gran parte de ellas no adoptó medidas preventivas en el prenatal y no recibieron orientación sobre el problema. Los resultados muestran La necesidad de un mayor cuidado y planificación de las intervenciones en los programas de cuidado de la salud con respecto a problemas dermatológicos, considerados como de baja letalidad y muchas veces no llevados a serio.

王如莲

<正>准确测量每小时尿量,这项工作是临床抢救危重病人不可忽视的一项护理技术。是观察病情变化制定治疗方案的依据。但常因容器的使用不当,给工作带来困难,不仅不能及时观察尿量多少,而且准确度也小。如急性肾衰和休克等病人,就需准确测量每小时尿量,所以急待改进测量的方法和容器。现将我们的改进方法介绍如下: 1.二联瓶:用于每小时尿量少于50毫升。 （1）用物:废50毫升注射器外套一个,1000～3000毫升瓶一个,大小瓶塞各一个（打两孔）,插入短玻璃管,50毫升瓶塞一孔

Maria de Fátima de Araújo Silveira

Myriam A. Mandetta Pettengill, Lúcia Marta G. da Silva, Mariusa Basso et al.

As autoras fazem uma reflexão situando o professor de enfermagem nas diferentes abordagens pedagógicas Tradicional, Cognitivista, Comportamentalista, Humanista, e Sócio-Cultural), com o objetivo de analisar sua aplicação no ensino de enfermagem, contribuindo para que o professor reflita sobre sua prática e a exerça de forma criativa e inovadora.<br>This paper reviews important aspects about teaching nursing, in order to give nursing professionals an outline of the present pedagogical approaches (Traditional, Cognitivist, Behaviorist, Humanistic, Sociocultural), so that they can reflect upon their role as educators.