Hasil untuk "Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"

Lu Tian, Xianyang Liang, Liqin Tang et al.

Low-scattering, deep-penetration light transport in biological media remains a pivotal challenge for biophotonic technologies, including biomedical imaging, optical diagnostics, and photodynamic therapy. This review builds upon and extends our earlier studies of nonlinear optical self-trapping and optically induced waveguiding in biological suspensions, such as human erythrocytes and cyanobacteria, where light-matter coupling is governed by optical-force-mediated particle redistribution. Recent progress has revealed increasingly rich and complex regimes, including the propagation and nonlinear self-action of structured (vortex) beams in biological environments, as well as nonlinear responses dominated by thermally driven mechanisms in absorptive biomolecular solutions (e.g., heme and chlorophyll). We place particular emphasis on distinctive nonlinear phenomena observed in these systems, including spatial self-phase modulation, optical-force-induced sculpturing of effective energy landscapes, and quasi-waveguide formation in soft, heterogeneous biological media. We conclude by highlighting emerging opportunities to harness these nonlinear behaviors for deep-tissue imaging, label-free biosensing, and the realization of biocompatible photonic structures and devices assembled directly from living or hybrid biological matter.

Stéphane Potvin, Stéphane Potvin, Yasser Khazaal et al.

Edward Miller, M. Weightman, A. Amos et al.

Objectives Neuropsychoanalysis and neuropsychiatry are two rapidly advancing fields that can provide valuable additions to a clinical neuroscience curriculum in psychiatry and strengthen psychiatrists’ psychotherapeutic training and practice. Methods This article provides an overview of key concepts of neuropsychoanalysis and neuropsychiatry, noting their common history in neurology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Several case vignettes are also provided to demonstrate how these concepts could be used to better understand specific psychiatric presentations. Results Key concepts discussed include the shared history of neuropsychoanalysis and neuropsychiatry; philosophy of mind; the neuroscientific basis and function of different levels of consciousness; affective neuroscience; and the hierarchical network function of the brain. Conclusion Neuropsychoanalysis and neuropsychiatry are subspecialties that have made important clinical and theoretical contributions to psychiatry. These insights could be used to inform the ongoing development of contemporary psychiatric clinical neuroscience curricula. Relevance to clinical practice Psychiatrists can use this article to help with “bedside teaching” of junior staff, assist with patient formulation and psychoeducation, and ultimately inform an integrated pedagogical framework for the clinical training of psychiatrists.

Naireen Asim, Al Mahdin Ornob Miah

Neuropsychiatry bridges neurology and psychiatry by addressing mental health symptoms arising from brain disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities are common in neurological conditions, yet access to appropriate mental health care in the UK remains fragmented. This review evaluates the evidence for current UK neuropsychiatric service models and explores strategies to improve integration and access. A targeted narrative review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase (2000-2025) examined studies evaluating neuropsychiatric service models, including outcomes such as access, cost-effectiveness, patient outcomes, and clinician perspectives. Citation tracking was used to identify seminal models, including Sharpe's integrated approach. While liaison psychiatry services are present in over 90% of UK hospitals with emergency departments, many fall short of recommended staffing and capacity. Specialist inpatient neuropsychiatry units improve outcomes through multidisciplinary care but are geographically limited. Integrated neuropsychiatry services, such as the Oxford model, show the greatest clinical and economic promise by embedding psychiatry within neuroscience teams, though scalability is constrained by workforce shortages, fragmented commissioning, and inconsistent evaluation. Integrated care offers the most effective means of addressing neuropsychiatric need. Achieving equitable access will require workforce expansion, cross-specialty training, unified funding mechanisms, and robust evaluation to ensure consistent, evidence-based care across the UK.

ML Phillips

Mary L. Phillips, MD, MD (Cantab), Pittsburgh Foundation-Emmerling Endowed Chair in Psychotic Disorders and Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Bioengineering, and Clinical and Translational Science at the University of Pittsburgh, is one of the foremost translational affective neuroscientists of her generation. Elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2024, recipient of the 2024 Society of Biological Psychiatry Gold Medal Award, the 2014 ACNP Joel Elkes Award for Outstanding Clinical Research, and the 2017 Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Colvin Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Mood Disorders Research; and the author of more than 400 peer-reviewed publications recognized by Clarivate Analytics as Highly Cited Research from 2018 to 2021, she has built a research program that deploys multimodal neuroimaging to map prefrontal-striatal-limbic circuitry abnormalities underlying bipolar disorder, with the overarching goal of converting circuit-level findings into objective biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, risk identification in youth, and targeted neuromodulation and metabolic interventions. In this Genomic Press Interview, Phillips traces a scientific trajectory shaped by intellectual independence and exceptional mentorship, from a pivotal zoology year at Cambridge that introduced her to the Aplysia neural network model, through psychiatry training at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry in London, to her emergence as a leader in biological psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh under the mentorship of David Kupfer. She discusses her foundational work demonstrating that abnormal face emotion processing and emotional reactivity serve as behaviorally measurable windows into prefrontal-limbic circuit dysfunction in bipolar disorder, her current work identifying neural circuit biomarkers of mania risk, and her translational agenda examining neurodevelopmental trajectories from infancy through young adulthood to detect risk dimensions before clinical threshold is reached. She also describes the three Phillips Centers she directs: CNCTI-P (Interventional Psychiatry), CENTRIM-BD (Metabolic Psychiatry), and CRTDAN (Translational and Developmental Neuroscience), which together instantiate a comprehensive precision psychiatry infrastructure at the University of Pittsburgh. She has mentored more than 100 trainees across her career, including 15 NIH K awardees, and holds presidential or council roles in major international neuroscience societies. She reflects with candor on gender equity in academic neuroscience, as recognized by the 2023 ACNP Women's Advocacy Award and her inclusion in Research.com's Best Female Scientists in the World for 2023 and 2024, and on her vision for a precision psychiatry grounded in individual-level neural circuit data.

M. Behrens

Professor Maria Margarita Behrens is a faculty member in the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. Born in Uruguay and raised in Chile, she trained in biochemistry and molecular biology in Brazil and Spain before transitioning into neuroscience in the United States. She joined the Salk Institute in 2009 after positions at Washington University School of Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, and the Department of Medicine at UCSD. Her laboratory investigates the epigenomic basis of brain development and maturation, with particular emphasis on understanding how neural circuits form in the prefrontal cortex during the perinatal period. As a principal investigator in the NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network (BICAN), she has contributed to generating comprehensive single-cell epigenomic atlases of the mouse and human brain and to identifying cell types through their DNA methylation signatures. Her work aims to elucidate how disruptions during critical developmental windows may lead to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this Genomic Press Interview, Professor Behrens reflects on her unconventional path to neuroscience, her passion for collaborative research, and the questions that continue to drive her scientific curiosity.

Hugo Geerts

Mengxi Xiao, Ben Liu, He Li et al.

The application of AI in psychiatric diagnosis faces significant challenges, including the subjective nature of mental health assessments, symptom overlap across disorders, and privacy constraints limiting data availability. To address these issues, we present MoodAngels, the first specialized multi-agent framework for mood disorder diagnosis. Our approach combines granular-scale analysis of clinical assessments with a structured verification process, enabling more accurate interpretation of complex psychiatric data. Complementing this framework, we introduce MoodSyn, an open-source dataset of 1,173 synthetic psychiatric cases that preserves clinical validity while ensuring patient privacy. Experimental results demonstrate that MoodAngels outperforms conventional methods, with our baseline agent achieving 12.3% higher accuracy than GPT-4o on real-world cases, and our full multi-agent system delivering further improvements. Evaluation in the MoodSyn dataset demonstrates exceptional fidelity, accurately reproducing both the core statistical patterns and complex relationships present in the original data while maintaining strong utility for machine learning applications. Together, these contributions provide both an advanced diagnostic tool and a critical research resource for computational psychiatry, bridging important gaps in AI-assisted mental health assessment.

Christopher Joel Russo, Kabir Husain, Rama Ranganathan et al.

Biological systems, with many interacting components, face high-dimensional environmental fluctuations, ranging from diverse nutrient deprivations to toxins, drugs, and physical stresses. Yet, many biological control mechanisms are `simple' -- they restore homeostasis through low-dimensional representations of the system's high-dimensional state. How do low-dimensional controllers maintain homeostasis in high-dimensional systems? We develop an analytically tractable model of integral feedback for complex systems in fluctuating environments. We find that selection for homeostasis leads to the emergence of a soft mode that provides the dimensionality reduction required for the functioning of simple controllers. Our theory predicts that simple controllers that buffer environmental perturbations (e.g., stress response pathways) will also buffer mutational perturbation, an equivalence we test using experimental data across ~5000 strains in the yeast knockout collection. We also predict, counterintuitively, that knocking out a simple controller will \emph{decrease} the dimensionality of the response to environmental change; we outline transcriptomics tests to validate this. Our work suggests an evolutionary origin of soft modes whose function is for dimensionality reduction in and of itself rather than direct function like allostery, with implications ranging from cryptic genetic variation to global epistasis.

David Zwicker, Oliver W. Paulin, Cathelijne ter Burg

Droplet formation has emerged as an essential concept for the spatiotemporal organisation of biomolecules in cells. However, classical descriptions of droplet dynamics based on passive liquid-liquid phase separation cannot capture the complex situation inside cells. This review discusses three distinct aspects that are crucial in cells: (i) biomolecules are diverse and individually complex, implying that cellular droplets possess complex internal behaviour, e.g., in terms of their material properties; (ii) the cellular environment contains many solid-like structures that droplets can wet; (iii) cells are alive and use fuel to drive processes out of equilibrium. We illustrate how these principles control droplet nucleation, growth, position, and count to unveil possible regulatory mechanisms in biological cells and other applications of phase separation.

James Clarke, Jake McGrath, Colin Johnson et al.

Biological systems perform an astonishing array of dynamical processes -- including development and repair, regulation, behavior and motor control, sensing and signaling, and adaptation, among others. Powered by the transduction of stored energy resources, these behaviors enable biological systems to regulate functions, achieve specific outcomes, and maintain stability far from thermodynamic equilibrium. These behaviors span orders of magnitude in length and time: from nanometer-scale molecular motors driving morphogenesis to kilometer-scale seasonal migrations, and from millisecond reflexes to millennia of evolutionary adaptations. While physical laws govern the dynamics of biological systems, they alone are insufficient to fully explain how living systems sense, decide, adapt, and, ultimately, control their dynamics. In this article, we argue that control theory provides a powerful, unifying framework for understanding how biological systems regulate dynamics to maintain stability across length and time scales far from equilibrium.

Syed Ameen Ahmad, Olivia Liu, Amy Feng et al.

Abstract Background There is an emerging understanding of the increased risk of stroke in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with ITP and iTTP in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We used PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus using text related to ITP, iTTP, stroke, AIS, and ICH from inception to 11/3/2023. Our primary outcome was to determine prevalence of AIS and/or ICH in a cohort of ITP or iTTP patients (age > 18). Our secondary outcomes were to determine stroke type associated with thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) in ITP patients, as well as risk factors associated with stroke in ITP and iTTP patients. Results We included 42 studies with 118,019 patients (mean age = 50 years, 45% female). Of those, 27 studies (n = 116,334) investigated stroke in ITP patients, and 15 studies (n = 1,685) investigated stroke in iTTP patients. In all ITP patients, the prevalence of AIS and ICH was 2.1% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.8-4.0%] and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9%-2.1%), respectively. ITP patients who experienced stroke as an adverse event (AE) from TPO-RAs had an AIS prevalence of 1.8% (95% CI 0.6%-3.4%) and an ICH prevalence of 2.0% (95% CI 0.2%-5.3%). Prevalence of stroke did not significantly differ between all ITP patients and those treated with TPO-RAs. iTTP patients had a prevalence of AIS and ICH of 13.9% (95% CI 10.2%-18.1%) and 3.9% (95% CI 0.2%-10.4%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed the prevalence of AIS and ICH was greater in iTTP patients vs. all ITP patients (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Meta-regression analysis revealed none of the collected variables (age, sex, history of diabetes or hypertension) were risk factors for stroke in all ITP patients, although there were high levels of data missingness. Conclusions Prevalence of different stroke types was lower in all ITP patients vs. iTTP patients. Additionally, ITP patients experienced a similar prevalence of stroke regardless of if they were specifically denoted to have been treated with TPO-RAs or not, supporting the continued use of TPO-RAs in management. Risk factors for stroke remain unclear, and future studies should continue to investigate this relationship.

Haiping Huang, Xinyi Su, Yuqian Zhang et al.

Abstract Background Stroke survivors often experience residual motor dysfunction in their limbs. Additional physical rehabilitation therapies may further improve patients’ functional outcomes. By combining direct interventions targeting the cerebral cortex or subcortical structures with indirect approaches that promote central nervous system reorganization, a closed-loop regulatory system can be established. This integrated approach may generate synergistic effects, thereby enhancing functional recovery outcomes. Methods This 3-week single-center randomized, single-masked study involved participants randomly assigned to either the electroacupuncture (EA) combined with robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) group (n = 22) or the RAGT alone group (n = 23). EA treatment was administered once daily for 30 min, 5 days per week, while RAGT treatment received the same duration of daily sessions. Baseline and endpoint assessments included the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity (FMA-LE) motor function assessment, functional ambulation category (FAC) scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and electroencephalogram. Results After a 3-week intervention period, participants in both groups showed significant improvements in FMA-LE, FAC, and BBS scores compared to baseline levels. The EA combined RAGT group exhibited a reduction in the brain symmetry index within the alpha frequency band, along with enhanced coherence between the CZ electrode and the FCZ, FC2, and C1 electrodes. Furthermore, in the theta frequency band, a shortened average path length and improved global efficiency were observed. Conclusion Both interventions can safely and effectively improve lower limb motor function, and EA combined with RAGT combination therapy may have an advantage in promoting neuroplasticity, which may involve reversing pathological frequency spectrum imbalance after stroke, enhancing functional connections between sensorimotor-related brain regions, and optimizing the topological properties of brain functional networks. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.: ChiCTR2500102382)

Mane Dipali, Sitaram Kale, Swapnil Phade et al.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized neuroscience by enhancing the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders. Through advanced algorithms in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), AI enables the interpretation of vast and complex neurological datasets derived from neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and genomics. In basic neuroscience, AI models facilitate the mapping of neural circuits, simulation of brain connectivity, and identification of molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinically, AI applications in neuroimaging—such as automated lesion detection, tumor segmentation, and functional connectivity analysis—are improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing human error. Moreover, in psychiatry and cognitive neuroscience, AI tools are increasingly employed to analyze behavioral data, predict disease progression, and personalize therapeutic interventions. AI-driven drug discovery and neuropharmacological modeling further accelerate the development of targeted treatments for complex brain disorders. Despite its immense promise, challenges related to data standardization, algorithm transparency, and ethical use remain critical for safe and effective clinical translation. Overall, AI represents a paradigm shift in neuroscience, integrating computational intelligence with biological insights to advance precision medicine and patient care in neurological sciences.

P. Falkai

Peter Falkai stands as one of the world's leading authorities in psychiatric research, particularly in understanding the neurobiology of schizophrenia. As a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and Director and Head of the Hospital at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry since October 2024, he continues to advance our understanding of mental health disorders. His distinguished career spans over three decades, during which he has held multiple prestigious leadership positions, including President of the European Psychiatric Association (2021–2023) and current President of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. A member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, where he served as Senator of the Neurosciences Section, Prof. Falkai has been instrumental in shaping modern psychiatric research and treatment approaches. His groundbreaking work on brain plasticity and innovative treatment combinations has opened new pathways for understanding and treating psychotic disorders. As site spokesperson for the German Centre for Mental Health and former President of the German Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Neurology, he continues to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application. In this Genomic Press Interview, Prof. Falkai graciously shares insights into his remarkable professional journey and personal life, offering readers a glimpse into the mind of one of psychiatry's most influential figures.

G. N. Nobre, Antônia Gleiciane Marques Andrade, Tiago Tanimoto Ribeiro et al.

The article by Jae-Min Kim et al. 1 published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neu-rosciences in 2024 makes a signi fi cant contribution to the fi eld by elucidating the role of neuroticism as a personality trait associated with an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Moreover, the study underscores the potential of cortisol as a biological marker that may correlate with the severity of PTSD symptoms over time. These fi ndings suggest that both psychological predispositions and biological responses to trauma are pertinent to the development of PTSD, providing valuable insights for more effective and integrated therapeutic approaches to its treatment. However, certain aspects of the study warrant careful consideration to bolster the fi ndings and enhance discussions in future research endeavors. This letter addresses a previous article published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences that raised methodological concerns and lacked patient data. First, the authors

P. Carrasco Espí, M. Pellicer Ancos, B. Navarro León et al.

Gellan K. Ahmed, Gellan K. Ahmed, Ahmed A. Karim et al.

BackgroundAvoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a newly classified eating disorder that requires further understanding of its presentation. There is no previous report of ARFID in a child post-tonsillectomy. ARFID may be a potential negative outcome for children following oropharyngeal surgery.Case presentationA female child aged 10 years and 2 months presented with ARFID associated with depression, anxiety and nutritional deficiency following tonsillectomy. She had more difficulty in swallowing solids than fluids and had repeated vomiting and spitting food after chewing it. She became dehydrated and malnourished with a BMI of 10.5 and was misdiagnosed with myasthenic gravis.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of ARFID in a child post-tonsillectomy. We discuss the pathophysiology of ARFID, which remains elusive, and recommend psychiatric assessment when evaluating children post operative tonsillectomy.

H. Aung, J. Alagaratnam, P. Chan et al.

Htein Linn Aung, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Phillip Chan, Felicia C. Chow, John Joska, Julian Falutz, Scott L. Letendre, Woody Lin, Jose A. Muñoz-Moreno, Paola Cinque, Jeff Taylor, Bruce Brew, and Alan Winston Departments of Neurology and HIV Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital and Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Genitourinary Medicine and HIV Department, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Division of Neuropsychiatry, HIV Mental Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland, USA; Infectious Diseases Department, Lluita contra la SIDA i les Malalties Infeccioses Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; Unit of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; and HIV and Aging Research Project, Palm Springs, California, USA

Nicolas Lenner, Stephan Eule, Jörg Großhans et al.

Mesoscopic bio-systems typically evolve towards functionally important target states, such as cell-cycle checkpoints or decision boundaries for the release of specific behaviors. For the data-driven inference of the underlying directional out-of-equilibrium dynamics, we here develop a theory of target state aligned (TSA) ensembles. Target state alignment allows to analyze directional dynamics in reverse time, starting from the final conditions of the forward process. Knowledge about the initial conditions of the forward process is not required for the analysis. Our theory reveals whether and when such a system can be represented by a single, effective stochastic equation of motion. We show how, in these effective dynamics, genuine biological forces can be separated from spurious forces, which invariably arise from target state alignment. We apply our inference scheme to the example of cytokinetic ring constriction, and derive the universal low-noise and short-term behavior of TSA ensembles. Our theory establishes a transparent mathematical foundation for the analysis and inference of directed biological dynamics by target state alignment.