Hasil untuk "Lexicography"

Luciano Rocchi

Despite significant progress in the study of Turkisms in Russian and Polish, the Ukrainian language has yet to benefit from comprehensive and accessible research on the Turkic influences in its lexicon. This article seeks to address this gap by presenting a glossary of 280 Ukrainian words of Turkic or Turkish origin, compiled through an examination of three major bilingual dictionaries: Żelechowski (Ukrainian-German, 1886), Onacь kyj (Ukrainian-Italian, 1941), and Andrusyshen, Krett (Ukrainian-English, 1955). The glossary entry for each word provides: (1) data from these dictionaries; (2) comparative information from Russian and/or Polish where applicable; (3) the Turkic or Turkish etymon, accompanied by brief commentary where necessary; and (4) selected references. The Turkisms identified span diverse semantic fields, underscoring their significance and highlighting the need for further systematic research into their role in Ukrainian.

Verlato, Zeno

The item illustrates the first year of activity of the project VIS - Venetian Integrated Studies (PRIN 2020), PI Luca D’Onghia, highlighting the results achieved by each research unit (Scuola Normale di Pisa, coordinated by Luca D’Onghia; Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, by Cristiano Lorenzi; Chieti-Pescara, by Ilaria Zamuner; Firenze, CNR-Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, coordinated by Zeno Verlato). The activities of the research groups concern the editing of vocabulary entries (VEV); the edition of Venetian texts; and the setting up of the project’s databases and IT platform.

L. G. Babenko, V. V. Danilova

The article is dedicated to the study of colloquial emotive lexicon of the Russian in the aspect of polyparadigmality. The peculiarities of its categorization, conceptualization, and interpretation are examined from the perspectives of various scientific approaches. The analysis of colloquial emotive lexicon in the Russian is conducted in comparison with a multitude of normative literary lexicon presented in the thesaurus dictionary ‘Emotion Alphabet.’ Together, they comprise 11,210 units of analysis, with 2,073 lexemes belonging to colloquial emotive lexicon. It is considered as a lexical-semantic space in a spatial dimension, with its internal structure constructed in a horizontal-vertical dimension at the intersection of lexical sets of colloquial emotive lexicon of different nature. The study employs a complex of linguistic methods, including statistical description, structuralsemantic, functional-semantic, denotativeideographic, linguistic-cognitive, and other methods of analysis. This allows for presenting colloquial emotive lexicon as an overlapping set of various groups of lexemes: denotative-ideographic, cognitive-derivational, semantic-functional, and functional-stylistic. Trends and cognitive strategies in the formation of this set are identified in comparison with literary language. The results of the study will be used in the future for creating a thesaurus dictionary of colloquial emotive lexicon.

Tinatin Margalitadze

Rufus H. Gouws, D.J. Prinsloo

This article, the third in a series of three on lexicographic data boxes, firstly focuses on a number of aspects of data boxes in bilingual dictionaries with the emphasis on different approaches in bilingual dictionaries with an African language as one of the members of the treated language pair. It is not possible to provide a comprehensive discussion within the limitations of an article. Then the discussion proceeds by looking at some new ways of using data boxes in online dictionaries. It is shown that the possibilities of the new medium allow lexicographers to employ data boxes in both traditional and non-traditional ways. It is argued that data boxes are expected to fulfil a variety of purposes ranging from navigational information and the provision of salient information to giving access to relevant data in dictionary-internal and dictionary-external sources. Lexicographers of online dictionaries have introduced new ways of using data boxes that have not yet been fully discussed in metalexicographic literature. This article gives an identification and a brief discussion of some of these innovative uses of data boxes. It stresses the potential that the online environment offers lexicography. Practical and theoretical lexicographers need to be aware of these possibilities and challenges. By embarking on a more comprehensive use of data boxes dictionaries can become even better containers of knowledge and can serve their users in an optimal way.

Svetlana N. Shevchenko

The article deals with the interdiction convergence on the example of evolutionary changes in lexical semantics of poetic language. The current study contributes to the development of the methodology for studying the language evolutionary processes. The paper describes certain trends of dynamic changes and their specifics; it gives some prediction about the further lexis convergence of different types of functional styles. The findings contribute to the development of lexicography which is going to reflect not only static but also dynamic characteristics of lexical units including stylistic ones. The subjectivity of labeling poetic vocabulary in dictionaries can be partially removed through the analysis of corpus data by comparing frequency indices in different subsections, however this method is not always accurate, moreover, it doesnt effectively trace evolutionary changes. The data from the psycholinguistic experiments can help reveal the dynamics of changes. On the one hand, the results of scaling show the extent of poetry in connotative meanings; on the other hand, the open-response associative experiment allows us to calculate the archaization index of a lexeme through summing up the numerical values of certain selected parameters. The research gives obvious evidence of active archaization of some specific poetic lexemes. The findings also prove that the dynamic changes in stylistic connotation are not synchronous with the changes in the denotative layer of a lexical unit.

Лариса [Larysa] Іванівна [Ivanivna] Шевченко [Shevchenko], Дмитро [Dmytro] Юрійович [IUriĭovych] Сизонов [Syzonov]

The State and Prospects of Discursive-Stylistic Lexicography: An Overview This article presents a general analysis of traditional and new lexicography. In doing so, it argues for the relevance of discursive-stylistic theoretical approaches and practices in compiling innovative dictionaries. Using the example of Ukrainian and Polish media dictionaries, the authors describe the evolutionary process of transition from print to electronic (computer) dictionaries, and from descriptive to analytical ones. A survey they conducted among students of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv confirms this process: 84% of the respondents preferred using new dictionaries based on computer technologies. The authors note that the trends observed in Polish and Ukrainian media lexicography are logical in the context of the development of world lexicography. In order to confirm this, they provide an overview of American, German and British media dictionaries. They also describe new Ukrainian dictionaries of the discursive type (e.g. Medialinhvistyka: Slovnyk terminiv i poniatʹ [Media Linguistics: A Dictionary of Terms and Concepts] by Larysa Shevchenko, Dmytro Derhach and Dmytro Syzonov, 2014) and the frequency type (e.g. Novi slova ta frazeolohizmy v ukrains′kykh media: Slovnyk [A Dictionary of New Words and Phraseologisms in the Ukrainian Mass Media] by Larysa Shevchenko and Dmytro Syzonov, 2017). The dictionaries are discussed in the context of the development of Ukrainian lexicography and its interrelation with current European, particularly Polish, lexicographic tendencies. The authors plan to continue developing multimedia dictionaries, focusing in particular on collecting media material and its computer processing. The aim of this work is to expand and further organise a dataset for new dictionaries of the twenty-first century, guided by the discursive-stylistic theoretical approach.   Stan i perspektywy leksykografii dyskursywno‑stylistycznej: przegląd problemu Artykuł przedstawia ogólną analizę leksykografii tradycyjnej i nowej, uzasadniając przy tym istotność dyskursywno-stylistycznych podejść i praktyk teoretycznych w tworzeniu innowacyjnych słowników. Na przykładzie ukraińskich i polskich słowników medialnych opisuje ewolucyjny proces przejścia od słowników drukowanych do elektronicznych (komputerowych) i od słowników opisowych do analitycznych. Ankieta przeprowadzona przez autorów wśrod studentów Kijowskiego Uniwersytetu Narodowego im. Tarasa Szewczenki potwierdza zachodzenie tego procesu: 84% respondentów woli korzystać z nowoczesnych słowników opartych na technologii komputerowej. Autorzy zauważają, że trendy obserwowane w polskiej i ukraińskiej leksykografii medialnej są logiczne w kontekście rozwoju leksykografii światowej, co potwierdza przegląd słowników z USA, Niemiec i Wielkiej Brytanii. Opisane zostały także ukraińskie neosłowniki – typu dyskursywnego (np. Медіалінгвістика: Словник термінів і понять [Media-lingwistyka: Słownik terminów i pojęć] Łarysy Szewczenko, Dmytra Derhacza i Dmytra Syzonowa, 2014) oraz frekwencyjnego (np. Нові слова та фразеологізми в українських медіа: Словник [Nowe słowa i idiomy w ukraińskich mediach: Słownik] Łarysy Szewczenko i Dmytra Syzonowa, 2017). Słowniki te omówiono w kontekście rozwoju ukraińskiej leksykografii i jej relacji ze współczesnymi europejskimi, a szczególnie polskimi, trendami leksykograficznymi. Autorzy planują dalsze prace nad nowoczesnymi słownikami multimedialnymi, w szczególności gromadzenie materiału medialnego i jego przetwarzanie komputerowe. Celem tej pracy naukowej jest dalsza rozbudowa elektronicznej kartoteki, która posłuży za podstawę nowych, dyskursywno-stylistycznych słowników XXI wieku.

Uredništvo broja

Za nakladnika: Bruno Kragić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Glavni urednik: Damir Boras, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Zamjenik glavnoga urednika: Željko Pavić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Uredništvo Petra Bago, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Ivana Crljenko, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Irina Deretić, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu Vlatka Dugački, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Zdenko Jecić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Nataša Jermen, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Peter Jordan, Österreichische Academie der Wissenchaften, Institute für Stadt- und Regionalforschung, Wien Stipe Kutleša, Institut za filozofiju Janko Lozar, Filozofska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani Nives Mikelić Preradović, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Slaven Ravlić, Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Hrvoje Stančić, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Goran Sunajko, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Domagoj Vidović, Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, Zagreb Savjet časopisa: Vlaho Bogišić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Davor Kapetanić, Sveučilište Washington u Seattleu Trpimir Macan, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Antun Vujić, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb Urednici broja: Vlatka Dugački i Martin Kuhar Izvršna urednica: Iva Klobučar Srbić Urednica online izdanja: Cvijeta Kraus Izlazi dva puta godišnje Prijevod: Boris Blažina Oblikovanje i prijelom: Ivo Horvat Dizajn korica: Dubravka Rakoci Izrada UDK: Dunja Marija Gabriel Godina izdanja: 2020. Adresa uredništva: Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža Frankopanska 26, 10 000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Tel: +385 1 48 00 300, Tel./Faks: +385 1 48 00 399 E-mail: studia_lexicographica@lzmk.hr Web: http://studialexicographica.lzmk.hr

Lana Hudeček, Milica Mihaljević

The <i>Croatian Web Dictionary – Mrežnik</i> project is at the moment of writing of this paper at the end of the third year. The project goals are to compile an e-dictionary of the Croatian language that is online, free, corpus-based, monolingual, hypertext, searchable, normative, and based on the contemporary results of e-lexicography and computational linguistics. <i>Mrežnik</i> consists of three modules: for adult native speakers of Croatian, schoolchildren, and non-native speakers of Croatian. It will be the central meeting point of the existing language resources of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics but also of the language resources created within the project. <i>Croatian Web Dictionary – Mrežnik</i> is conceived as a dynamic dictionary that can be further compiled and edited even after the end of the four-year project and the result of the project will be the model for the growing Croatian e-dictionary that will be a long-term project of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics.

Екатерина Юрьевна Ваулина

Издание первого тома «Словаря русского языка XXI века» является определенным этапом развития толковой лексикографии современного русского языка в ее традиционной форме. Словарь представляет собой модель лексической системы, построенную на значительном объеме лексических единиц — более 200 000 во всех томах — с подробной и всесторонней разработкой семантической структуры (в первый том вошло более 12 000 слов, фразеологизмов и устойчивых словосочетаний). Системные связи, пронизывающие все буквы алфавита (гиперо-гипонимические отношения, синонимия, антонимия, объединение в тематические группы и т. п.), по мере возможности учитываются в толкованиях. Вне контекста словаря в целом некоторые толкования, демонстрирующие системность в языке, оказываются неполными. Системные связи могут быть очевидным образом продемонстрированы в электронной версии словаря с помощью всплывающих подсказок или гиперссылок еще до подготовки к печати всех томов словаря. Словарные статьи оформлены с использованием специальной разметки по лексикографическим параметрам, что рассчитано на получение результатов по различным поисковым запросам и, кроме того, открывает возможности для использования словаря в качестве основы лексикографической системы современного русского языка. Применяемая лексикографическая разметка апробирована на широком круге словарей, как специальных, так и толковых, которые могут быть использованы как дополнительные блоки или модули такой лексикографической системы. Помимо этого, благодаря своей универсальности разметка может быть применена к большей части других словарей и лексикографических материалов. Подробная лексикографическая разметка позволяет связывать с такой лексикографической системой информацию из лексикографических источников не только на основании совпадения вокабул, но и c учетом устойчивых словосочетаний, фразеологизмов и иных отдельных параметров словарной статьи. Лексикографическая система должна отвечать требованиям научной обоснованности, современности, нормативности, быть четко структурированной и содержать значительный объем данных — все это обеспечивает использование материалов «Словаря русского языка XXI века».

Gojko Nikolić

U radu je istražena originalnost triju izuma Fausta Vrančića sa stajališta današnjega poimanja izuma. Prvi izum koji je u radu istražen jest padobran, za koji je utvrđeno da Faust nije njegov izumitelj, već da ga je iznimno dobro tehnički unaprijedio, koncepcijski vrlo blisko suvremenim rješenjima. S obzirom na to da se uz padobran posvuda veže njegovo ime, mnoge će iznenaditi činjenica da Vrančić nije njegov izumitelj. Drugi izum koji je analiziran, a danas se nedovoljno ističe, odnosi se na mlin na plimu i oseku. Ideja nije nova, koristila se davno u povijesti, posebno u Irskoj i Engleskoj. Inovacija u Vrančićevu mlinu jest uporaba dvosmjernoga strujanja mora, pri čemu konstrukcija okretnoga pogonskoga vodeničnoga kola omogućuje njegovo okretanje uvijek u istom smjeru, neovisno o smjeru strujanja mora. Treća inovacija, koja se odnosi na Vrančićevo rješenje primjene statora i rotora kod vjetrenjače koje omogućuje korištenje vjetra iz bilo kojega smjera, danas se koristi kod turbina za razne fluide (vodu, paru, plinove).

Stéphanie Béligon, Valérie Bourdier, Rémi Digonnet et al.

Alain Polguère

The notion of lexical polysemy is considered under very different angles depending on the context in which it is called on, e.g. in theoretical lexicology, practical lexicography or so-called cognitive approaches to the lexicon. We adopt an approach where polysemy is defined as a property of vocables (roughly, entries in dictionary word lists): the property to regroup several word senses, monosemy being the opposite property. Polysemy is the consequence of a more basic fact: the relation that holds between lexical units grouped within the same vocable. This relation we term copolysemy . The notion of copolysemy is required to not only account for such a well-known phenomenon as regular polysemy, but also to model the polysemy structures of vocables and the incidence these structures may have on lexical dynamics, vocabulary acquisition, analogical reasoning based on lexical information, etc. As for many other aspects of lexicology, the study of copolysemy has to be anchored in a thorough analysis of lexical data. In this paper, we present the current results of an exploration of copolysemy in French, which allowed us to systematically retrieve patterns of copolysemy (on which we believe regular polysemy is built) and achieve formal description of the polysemy structure of several thousand French vocables. The descriptive work is embedded in a large-scale lexicographic project, namely the construction of the French Lexical Network (fr-LN). Though based on the study of the French lexicon, the approach to the modeling of polysemy presented here is expected to be applicable to natural languages in general.

Katarzyna Wojan

The text is dedicated to Professor Jerzy Kaliszan, an outstanding Polish researcher of homonymy in the Russian language, the author of significant monographs and the first Polish dictionary of Russian homographs. The article is a review of Polish academic literature on Russian homonymy including both intra- and interlinguistic aspects (relations between Polish and Russian). In the first part, the author outlines the most important theoretical and lexicographical studies of Polish scholars. The second part is devoted to a description of Jerzy Kaliszan’s achievements in the field of lexical and word-formation homonymy, including lexemes’ homography.

Marica Jandrić Balen, Ivica Balen

U radu se opisuje razvoj Bolnice u razdoblju od kraja Prvoga svjetskoga rata do ujedinjenja Bolnice i izvanbolničkoga zdravstva u jednu ustanovu nazvanu Zdravstveni centar. U tih četrdesetak godina promijenile su se tri države, a dogodio se i Drugi svjetski rat. Bolnica je krajem Prvoga svjetskoga rata imala 84 kreveta, uz dodatne kapacitete u Zaraznom paviljonu od 10 kreveta i 27 kreveta u baraci. Ukupno je bilo dvadesetak zaposlenih, od kojih dva liječnika i sedam medicinskih sestara. Uz civilnu bolnicu, sve do kraja Drugoga svjetskoga rata u Slavonskom Brodu djeluje i Vojna bolnica u brodskoj tvrđavi. U trenutku formiranja Zdravstvenoga centra 1957. godine imala je 350 zaposlenika, od kojih 36 liječnika (osam u općoj medicini), 21 medicinsku sestru i 53 bolničara. Bolnica je imala kapacitet od 452 kreveta. Grad Slavonski Brod imao je 1919. godine oko 10 000 stanovnika, a do 1957. broj stanovnika povećao se na približno 30 000. Zdravstveni centar, poslije Medicinski centar, u Slavonskom Brodu bio je prvi takav oblik organizacije zdravstva u bivšoj Jugoslaviji. Nekoliko godina nakon Slavonskoga Broda takvu su organizaciju postupno uvodili svi gradovi koji su imali bolnice, osim većih gradova – Zagreba, Osijeka, Rijeke i Splita – koji jedini u Hrvatskoj nisu imali medicinske centre. U radu je korištena sva do sada objavljena literatura o tom razdoblju razvoja Bolnice, ali i dokumentacija o zdravstvu koja se čuva u Državnom arhivu u Slavonskom Brodu (HD-DASB).

Lucile Bordet

Petr Macek

The study summarizes the activity in the field of music lexicography of Jiří Fukač (1936–2002), professor of musicology at the Brno-based Masaryk University, who successfully resumed the activities of the Brno School of Music Lexicography, constituted chiefly by efforts of Gracian Černušák, Vladimír Helfert and Bohumír Štědroň. Already as a student Fukač collaborated as both author and organizer on the two-volume Československý hudební slovník osob a institucí (Czechoslovak Music Dictionary of Persons and Institutions, 1963, 1965). In 1966 he and Jiří Vysloužil initiated foundation of Kabinet hudební lexikografie (Office of Music Lexicography) and preparations for the new subject-focused dictionary project, later called Slovník české hudební kultury (Dictionary of Czech Music Culture) started. Fukač’s contribution was crucial and it was his tireless effort including writing texts of individual entries, editing texts by others and effecting his organizational skills, that finally lead to the successful completion of the project in 1997. The result undoubtedly presents a fundament in Czech music lexicography in both conception and extent. Then Jiří Fukač started to work on further projects of music lexicography: he actively participated in preparations and realization of the big lexicographical project of the Sudeten German Music Institute in Regensburg titled Lexikon zur deutschen Musikkultur (Böhmen, Mähren, Sudetenschlesien) published in Munich in 2000, where he was member of the scholarly board of the project and contributed to the conceptual and methodological preparations. In 2000 Fukač together with Petr Macek and Mikuláš Bek started preparations for the new web-based project of the Czech Music Dictionary of Persons and Institutions. A fatal illness didn't allow him to proceed further.

Adam Przepiórkowski

On the argument-adjunct distinction in the Polish Semantic Syntax tradition The aim of this paper is to examine the understanding of the Argument-Adjunct Distinction within the Polish Semantic Syntax (SS) tradition, associated with the name of Stanisław Karolak and presented in the nominally syntactic volume of the Grammar of contemporary Polish (Pol. Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego; Topolińska, 1984), especially in Karolak (1984) and Grochowski (1984), as well as in later work. Section 1 reviews the three approaches to determining the number and kind of arguments of a given predicate, as discussed in Karolak (1984), concentrating on the one that is endorsed there. Then, Sections 2–3 show that the key notions used in this approach have not been – and probably cannot be – made operational. Moreover, Section 4 briefly reviews some more recent Semantic Syntax work and shows that this lack of operational AAD in Karolak (1984) extends to the SS programme at large. Finally, Section 5 concludes that this deficiency, while common in linguistic theories, is particularly troublesome in the case of SS, which is founded on the notion of predicate-argument structure.   O rozróżnieniu argumentów od modyfikatorów w polskiej tradycji „składni semantycznej” Artykuł poświęcony jest kwestii fundamentalnej dla szkoły „składni semantycznej” (kojarzonej przede wszystkim z nazwiskiem Stanisława Karolaka), a mianowicie kwestii odróżniania argumentów od modyfikatorów. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że w tradycji „składni semantycznej” nie została zaproponowana operacyjna procedura odróżnienia argumentów od modyfikatorów, choć istnienie takiej procedury wydaje się warunkiem koniecznym dla wyodrębnienia struktury predykatowo-argumentowej, głównego celu wielu prac zakorzenionych w tej tradycji.

Jacques Van Keymeulen