Hasil untuk "History of Poland"

Jacek Szczygieł, Lukas Plan, John Hellstrom et al.

The Eastern Alps have undergone lateral extrusion since the Late Oligocene, with major crustal-scale strike-slip faults still active, as evidenced by earthquakes up to M6, despite scant geological record. Research has focused more on the Salzach-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg (SEMP) and Mur-Mürz faults, leaving the central part of the Northern Calcareous Alps cut by the 110 km long Königssee–Lammertal–Traunsee (KLT) fault system under-studied. We took advantage of a cave environment isolated from erosion, providing unparalleled structural indicators exposure to fill the Pleistocene deformation history gap of the KLT. We reconstruct paleostress for twenty-six reverse, strike-slip, and oblique reactivated faults that offset passages in seven caves close to sinistral KLT and dextral Lammertal faults. 230Th/U dating of faulted and broken speleothems revealed three reactivation events since the Middle Pleistocene. The oldest event could be pinpointed to 560 ka (+100/−60). The middle event dates can be constrained to 331 (+89/−54) to 287 ± 6 ka, or 297–281 ka if the KLT and Lammertal faults were reactivated simultaneously. The youngest event occurred between 130 and 90 ka, aligning with fault reactivations in the Eastern Alps. Cave observations allowed us to analyze reverse faults in the positive flower structure of the KLT and mode I fracture with minor antithetic dextral slip, suggesting a sinistral component of regional rejuvenation. Our findings indicate that the KLT was reactivated due to simple shear with NNE compression. Along the Lammertal fault, we recorded a strike-slip regime driven by NNW compression. The KLT and Lammertal faults form a system of conjugated shears that efficiently accommodate N-S shortening compared to the SEMP fault, which is perpendicular to the compression. Combining our neotectonic data with current seismicity shows that the KLT plays a key role in the Quaternary extrusion process in the studied Alpine sector, surpassing the more prominent SEMP fault.

Ryszard W. Kluszczyński

The text considers the status of NFT artwork and how it is affected by its close relationship with blockchain. Doubts about the media character of NFT art are raised. Two perspectives are juxtaposed: one that denies NFT art the status of a medium and treats it as a certificate of authenticity and ownership for sales purposes (Richard Vigniel, Dave Krugman), and another according to which the meaning and value of NFT art can only emerge when the NFT is not solely a sales mechanism but becomes a medium of art (Christiane Paul). In the former case, the media and artistic nature of NFT-related works will be determined outside the blockchain platform and the NFT. The author, referring to the selected works of Eve Sussman and Masaki Fujihata, points out that the two aspects can be combined, and the deconstructed sales mechanism can become a medium for NFT art. The question of whether this is the only possible kind of NFT media art remains open.

SVYRYDENKO, NATALIA

In this work, the activity of the illustrious Metropolitan Petru Movilă, a personality of encyclopedic culture, is analyzed. Certain historical moments in the cultural life of Ukraine are examined, which took place after the dissolution of the great state in Central Europe – Kievan Rus – as well as during the Renaissance and the existence of the new federal state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This union, which ruled not only the territories that are now parts of Poland and Lithuania, but also the entire territory of Belarus, parts of Ukraine and Latvia, as well as the western Russian lands that today form the Smolensk region, reached the height of its power in the first half of the seventeenth century. A special role in supporting the progressive reforms of this period belongs to Archbishop Petru Movilă, Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia, and All Rus’, Exarch of the Holy Apostolic Throne of Constantinople, and Archimandrite of Pechersk (1633–1646). The presence of Petru Movilă on Ukrainian soil at the beginning of the seventeenth century was reflected in positive changes in the educational system and in many areas of culture, including the field of music. The memory of the good and important deeds accomplished by Petru Movilă in Ukraine, and especially in Kyiv, lives on today in the country’s history and in the activity of the most authoritative educational institution in Ukraine – the Kyiv Mohyla Academy, founded in the seventeenth century by the tireless metropolitan.

Ivan Ghezzi, Jacek Kościuk, Warren Church et al.

We combined datasets from multiple research projects and remote sensing technologies to evaluate conservation conditions at La Fortaleza de Kuelap, a pre-Hispanic site in Peru that suffered significant damage under heavy seasonal rains in April 2022. To identify the causes of the collapse and where the monument is at further risk, we modeled surface hydrology using a DTM derived from drone LiDAR data, reconstructed a history of collapses, and calculated the volume of the most recent by fusing terrestrial LiDAR and photogrammetric datasets. In addition, we examined subsurface water accumulation with electrical resistivity, reconstructed the stratification of the monument with seismic refraction, and analyzed vegetation loss and ground moisture accumulation using satellite imagery. Our results point to rainwater infiltration as the most significant source of risk for La Fortaleza’s perimeter walls. Combined with other adverse natural conditions and contemporary conservation interventions, this led to the 2022 collapse. Specialists need to consider these factors when tasked with conserving monuments located in comparable high-altitude perhumid environments. This integration of analytical results demonstrates how multi-scalar and multi-instrumental approaches provide comprehensive and timely assessments of conservation needs.

Adrianna Czekalska

W dniu 29 lipca 2023 r. Łódź obchodzić będzie jubileusz 600-lecia nadania miastu praw miejskich przez króla Władysława Jagiełłę w Przedborzu nad Pilicą. Z tej też okazji z inicjatywy historyków Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego powstał pomysł uczczenia ważnej dla łodzian rocznicy poprzez napisanie pięciotomowej monografii dziejów Łodzi o interdyscyplinarnym charakterze. Inicjatywa została poparta przez władze Łodzi i 29 lipca 2021 r. miała miejsce uroczystość podpisania listu intencyjnego pomiędzy Urzędem Miasta Łodzi a Uniwersytetem Łódzkim oraz instytucjami partnerskimi projektu. Uroczystość zakończyła pierwsza publiczna prezentacja najstarszego zachowanego oryginalnego dokumentu z dziejów Łodzi.

Guillaume Wos, Gemma Palomar, Marzena Marszałek et al.

Abstract Background Understanding and predicting how organisms respond to human-caused environmental changes has become a major concern in conservation biology. Here, we linked gene expression and phenotypic data to identify candidate genes underlying existing phenotypic trait differentiation under individual and combined environmental variables. For this purpose, we used the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Egg clutches from replicated high- (southern Sweden) and central-latitude (southern Poland) populations facing different degrees of seasonal time constraints were collected. Damselfly larvae were exposed to experimental treatments: current and mild warming temperatures crossed with the presence or absence of an invasive alien predator cue released by the spiny-cheek crayfish, Faxonius limosus, which is only present in Poland to date. We measured the following traits: larval development time, body size, mass and growth rate, and used the larvae for gene expression analysis by RNA-seq. Data were analysed using a multivariate approach. Results We showed latitudinal differences in coping with mild warming and predator cues. When exposed to an increased temperature and a predator cue, central-latitude individuals had the shortest development and the fastest growth compared to high-latitude individuals. There was a general effect of predator cues regarding mass and growth rate reduction independent of latitude. Transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways related to larval anatomy and development tended to be upregulated in response to mild warming but only in fast-growing central-latitude individuals. Metabolic pathways linked to oxidative stress tended to be downregulated in response to a predator cue, especially in central-latitude individuals. Conclusion Different phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to environmental factors might be attributed to the variability in I. elegans life history strategies between the two latitudes caused by seasonal time constraints and to its coexistence with the invasive alien predator in nature. By providing insights into how organisms may respond to future anthropogenic changes, our results may be of particular interest in conservation biology.

Hutnyk Liudmyla

The goal of the research. Introduction into scientific circulation of printed film posters from collection of the Fine Arts Department of the Institute of Book Studies of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine as visual information sources for studying the Ukrainian-Polish cultural relations of the 1960s-1980s. Methodology. The method of systematization was used to work out the collection of polonika in the fond of Ukrainian printed film posters of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. The historical and cultural method is used to study the history of the Polish cinema, the activities of film organizations and joint projects of Polish filmmakers in cooperation with artists from other countries. Art criticism analysis is used for figurative and stylistic characteristics of film posters dedicated to the Polish cinema. Scientific novelty. Separated from the collection of Ukrainian printed film posters of the Fine Arts Department of the Institute of Book Studies of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, collection of posters on the Polish subjects, for the first time, became the object of study in the context of studies of the existence of the Polish cinema in the second half of the 1950s - early 1980s in Ukraine. Conclusions. A remarkable revival of the Soviet-Polish cultural cooperation in the early 1960s and the active arrival of new Polish films in Ukrainian distribution led to the emergence of such a phenomenal phenomenon as polonika in domestic printed film posters. Posters made by Ukrainian artists in the second half of the 20th century are now perceived as peculiar artifacts, original sheets of fine publications on the history of the Polish cinema art of the corresponding period, as documentary sources of cinematographic biographies and national film production in Poland. They represent a wide genre and thematic direction of Polish films advertised and promoted in Ukraine in the late 1950s - early 1980s and at the same time are important visual and informational sources for the study of the Ukrainian-Polish cultural and artistic relations. A detailed analysis of individual samples of film posters clearly demonstrates the specifics of this type of poster graphics and illustrates the peculiarities of creative experiments of Ukrainian artists in artistic advertising of Polish films.

Jakub Dobrzyński

The article examines marriage in the Podlasie Catholic parish of Lapy from 1919–1939. It considers the occupations of the grooms, the age at which the couples married and the seasonality (monthly and weekly) of marriages. The source for the article was the Łapy parish registers kept at the Registry Office in Łapy. The registers of neighboring parishes were also used for analysis and then the results were compared with the immediate neighborhood. The article shows that when founding a new family, one of the main factors, together with the time of year and week, was the man’s occupation.

Yuriy Bilenko

The aim of the article is to assess the factors of economic growth of the CEE countries over the 30-year history, the productivity of capital and human resources, the resilience of these countries to the negative impact of the global financial crisis. Methodology. The Solow growth model was used to estimate the growth rates of capital, labor and total factor productivity (TFP). The impact of macroeconomic indicators on GDP and TFP growth is assessed. The group of Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union was chosen for the analysis: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, as well as post-Soviet European countries: Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Moldova and Albania in the period from 1991 to 2019. Results. TFP makes a significant contribution to the economic growth of CEE countries. During the period of market reforms, TFP significantly decreased, and during the boom of 2000-2008 it fully ensured the growth of the CEE economies, after the crisis of 2008, the contribution of TFP decreased by 2 times. In the conditions of recovery, TFP growth is positively influenced by inflation, negative CA balance, and unemployment reduction. In the post-crisis period, a decrease in inflation, a positive CA balance, and an increase in unemployment had a positive impact on TFP growth. During a depression, the influence of capital becomes dominant. Restrictive monetary policy contributes to the efficiency of CEE economies. In the short run, unemployment increases, but in the long run it decreases significantly due to the growth of investment and exports. Practical implications. The analysis makes it possible to identify effective macroeconomic policies to stimulate the productivity of the economies of Central and Eastern Europe during the period of economic recovery and depression. Value/originality. A long-term study of the economic performance of CEE countries using the Solow methodology has revealed the behavior of total factor productivity in different periods of modern economic history and its contribution to economic growth.

Павло Хом'як

This article analyzes importance of the Roman Catholic Church in Volhynia in the interwar period. The article reveals the process of formation of the Roman Catholic Church in Volhynia, and special attention is paid to the interwar period. Roman Catholic centres were in Volhynia from ancient times, and have become an integral part of its history. As the city was inhabited by many different nationalities and, consequently, many different religious denominations, the city managed to maintain peace and respect for religious freedom for each of the communities. However, during the reign of the Russian Empire in Volhynia, the situation became more complicated because the tsarist government did not want to support previous agreements with the Church. After the October coup and the war, vast territories of the Lutsk-Zhytomyr diocese were divided between Poland and Soviet Russia by a treaty signed in 1921 in Riga. As Lutsk was a part of the then Poland, in 1925 Pope Pius XI revived a separate diocese of Lutsk. On December 14, 1925, Bishop Adolf Petro Shelonzhek was appointed Bishop of Lutsk. In particular, the figure of Adolf Petro Shelonzhek deserves special attention. The article also analyzes the life of the future bishop. From the beginning of his ministry, the Lutsk Ordinary carried out active pastoral and organizational activities. One of the greatest achievements of Adolf Petro Shelonzhek was the convening of the first diocesan synod in 200 years, which took place in 1927. Particular importance is the description of his active work as a religious and political figure. Special attention is paid to his active pastoral work as Adolf Petro Shelonzhek was an outstanding figure in the life of the Lutsk diocese.

Peter Gillgren

A few drawings at the Royal Library in Stockholm have aroused considerable debate among Swedish art historians (figs. 2, 3, 5, 6 & 7). According to sources contemporary with their production in 1722, they reproduce large paintings kept at Gripsholm castle representing the story of king Erik XIV. Twentieth-century art historians have suggested a number of alternative iconographies, mostly alternative sequences of Swedish history or classical motifs. The drawings have been addressed recently in ICO by Herman Bengtsson and Bo Vahlne. The present article argues that the motifs are from the Book of Esther. The claim is supported by the juxtaposition of two scenes representing a woman before a throne and a triumphal scene (Esther before Ahasuerus & Mordecai’s triumph), the bright yellow dress of the female protagonist (a common symbol for her Jewishness) and her swooning before the throne. Comparisons are made with the Alfta hanging representing Esther (fig. 1) and a painting by Artemisia Gentileschi (fig. 4). The iconography of the drawings is based on Catholic sources, suggesting they were produced in Poland in the 1540s and could have come with Catherine Jagelleonica’s entourage to Åbo and then to Gripsholm in the early 1560s.

Aleksandra M. Rogowska

Background and Study Aim: Although personality research in psychology of sport has a long history, a little is known about the personality of the team sport players among university students. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in personality traits between Team Sport Players (TSP), Physical Education Students (PES) and Other Faculties Students (OFS). Material and Methods: Participants in the cross-sectional study were 441 university students aged between 18 and 34 years old (M = 22.09, SD = 2.19), including 60.09% of men, at a large university in the south of Poland. The NEO-FFI questionnaire was used to assess Big-Five personality traits. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that TSP sample scored significantly lower in neuroticism, openness and agreeableness than both PES and OFS groups. TSP also demonstrated higher scores in extraversion, in comparison to PES. The PES and OFS did not differ one another in personality traits. Conscientiousness was at the same level in all three groups. Conclusions: Increasing achievement motivation and compliance with norms may heighten conscientiousness among undergraduates. The information about personality should be used by the coach to team conflict reduction, to make an appropriate selection decision and to develop individual development plans for particular team members.

Iwona Jażdżewska

The article attempts to find in the history of Poland facts and processes that influenced the contemporary shape of the Polish urban network. In comparison with other parts of Europe, the process of urbanisation in Central and Eastern Europe was significantly delayed. During the last millennium, the Polish state changed its borders many times, mainly in the east-west direction, because the Baltic Sea from the north and the Sudeten and Carpathian ranges from the south effectively inhibited territorial changes in the north-south direction. The process of shaping and strengthening the urban settlement network in Poland to the present day has been divided into five periods. The first, lasting from the 8th century until the union of Kreva in 1385, encompasses the beginnings of the establishment and spreading of urban settlement network; the second – the merger of the urban network with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its strengthening in the joint state; the third – the disappearance of Poland from the map of Europe and the breakup of the settlement network into three parts: tsarist Russia, the Habsburg monarchy, Prussia, and the start of industrialisation of the partitioned land; the fourth refers to the period when Poland, after 123 years, reappeared on the administrative map of Europe (1918-1939); and the fifth one covers the period from 1945 to the present day. When undertaking scientific research on the contemporary urban network of Poland, many political, social and economic factors should be taken into account. These should be taken into account when making hypotheses, drawing conclusions and developing economic and geographical theories.

Anna A. Plotnikova

The article provides an overview of the book Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland by the Polish researcher M. Ziółkowska-Mówka. This 5-chapter book includes an outline of the history of the Old Believer’ movement and its general features (Chapter 1), a description of the language situation of Old Believers living in Poland (Chapter 2), an analysis of their personal names (Chapter 3), a study of Old Believers’ surnames, Russian and Polish (Chapter 4), present-day unofficial anthroponyms, including historical and modern nicknames (chapter 5). An extensive appendix contains a list of Old Believers’ names (male and female), a list of “additional definitions” used in the 19th century, modern surnames and a list of modern nicknames. The review notes the importance of the collected corpus of Russian names and surnames in Poland and gives high account of the comprehensive analysis of the material (principles of selection of Old Believers’ personal names from documents and oral narratives; phonetic and morphological analysis of names, surnames and nicknames; motivation for nicknames pointing at different characteristics of people and their speech and referring to other anthroponyms). Synchronic and diachronic analysis of Old Believers’ names and surnames reveals a picture of historical and modern language processes against the sociolinguistic background of Old Believers’ interaction with non-Slavic and non-Old Belief communities. Of particular value to the study is the analysis of Polish and German names (which are also involved in Old Believers’ naming in various aspects), as it emphasizes the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural nature of the entire peer-reviewed work.

Maciej Wróblewski

In my article, I focus on the relationship between a child and adult in socio-cultural perspective in order to demonstrate how the representations of childhood are used by Polish authors of children’s literature in critical descriptions of war and other forms of violence. At first, I relate to the crucial moment in the European history in which there appeared a discourse of senility and youthfulness. Next, I present the main consequences of the “production” and “distribution” of images of childhood in pop culture. In the last part of my discussion, I analyse novels by Joanna Rudniańska, Jacek Dukaj, Grzegorz Gortat and Dorota Combrzyńska-Nogala, who, in their works about the Holocaust, the martial law in Poland and the war in Syria create the world in which young characters possess certain features belonging to the adult. My analyses demonstrate the sources of betrayal of childhood which appears in these novels like a sublime sign reflecting primarily adults’ fantasies about the child. As I show, this sign contains very few real issues referring to contemporary childhood.

Magdalena Kwaśniak-Butowska, Magdalena Sildatke-Bauer, Lucyna Bodak et al.

Aim: The aim of the study was a long-term observation (particularly in terms of visual function) of patients hospitalised at the Neurology Department of St. Adalbert Hospital in Gdańsk, Poland, due to an episode of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Material and methods: The Department’s archives held records of 13 cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension treated from 2007 to 2015. The retrospectively retrieved data concerned: age, sex, height, weight, comborbidities, symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, neurological abnormalities, fundoscopy findings, vision field, brain magnetic resonance findings, visual evoked potentials and employed treatment. Eleven patients reported for a follow-up examination, and 6 patients completed it. The patients were examined neurologically and ophthalmologically with fundoscopy, visual field test, visual acuity and visual evoked potentials. The results were compared with the disease history data. The follow-up period lasted 4–47 months. Results: Nine of 11 patients were females. In 2 of them, the initial diagnosis was revised, and 3 did not complete all procedures. Six patients were included in the analysis. The most common complain upon admission was headache and tunnel vision. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed changes characteristic of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in 5 patients. Therapeutic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid was performed in all the patients, and all of them were treated with acetazolamide. Visual disturbances (visual field loss or impaired visual evoked potentials) persisted in 3 patients. Significant risk factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the analysed group were: female sex, increased body mass index and reproductive age. Permanent vision impairment was observed in patients who required more intensive treatment. Conclusion: Weight gain is a significant risk factor for poor outcome. Visual field assessment and fundoscopy seem to be superior than visual acuity in the monitoring of disease activity.

Katarzyna HEBEL, Marcin WOŁEK

The wide accessibility of European citizens to cars results in problems caused by their excessive use as a means of urban transport. Given this situation, it is necessary to find new solutions for the more efficient use of passenger cars in cities. This problem affects almost all European cities, including those in Poland. The paper analyses the level of motorization and modal split in Polish cities with county status, while selected European cities serve as a background to determine the scale of the problem. In the search of solutions in relation to Poland, an analysis of different documents outlining the directions of urban mobility was conducted. One of these documents concerned the promotion of car-pooling, the history of which dates back to the Second World War and the 1950s. Initially introduced in the USA, its increasing development in European cities has been witnessed in recent years. Research on the evaluation of real car-pooling in Polish cities was conducted in Gdynia by the authors of this study. The results of marketing research presented in the article have determined the degree to which participants in urban mobility are inclined to take part in car-pooling schemes in Polish cities.

Krenz-Niedbała Marta

Subadult growth and health have been analyzed in three cemetery samples from medieval Poland, including two early-urban sites: Cedynia dated to the 10t-14th centuries AD, and Ostrów Lednicki dated to the 13th-15th centuries AD, and a rural site Słaboszewo dated to the 14th-17th centuries AD. The nutritional status was not expected to have substantially differed among the settlements, due to the culturally induced undiversified diet of children, and predominant share of medium-to-low status individuals. However, city life and village life were supposed to differ in factors correlated with the spread of infections, and as such it was expected to find significant differences in respiratory health among early-urban and rural dwellers.The prevalences of diet-dependent diseases, scurvy and rickets, were found to be statistically indistinguishable among the three studied populations, while higher frequency of skeletal signs of poor respiratory health was observed in early-urban Cedynia than rural Słaboszewo. Slightly lower prevalences of skeletal stress indicators were found for the rural than the early-urban site. Skeletal growth profiles and the dynamics of long bone growth were found to be remarkably similar for the early-urban samples (Cedynia and Ostrów Lednicki), with the rural subadults having the shortest diaphyseal lengths, and lower growth dynamics.It can be concluded that adverse factors associated with the urban settlement were more detrimental to respiratory health than those in the village. A variety of factors are potentially responsible for this pattern, including population density, building structure, quality of air and water, sanitation, and occupation. Perhaps, the key factor in response to environmental and socio-cultural constraints was the stability of living conditions in the village, which allowed the inhabitants to develop sufficient adaptive mechanisms. In contrast, the history of strongholds such as Cedynia was changeable due to political situation, military threats and migrations of people.

Cezary Kuklo

The article brings out a special attention paid by historians and demographers to the smallest demographic and social unit after the second world war. It resulted from the will to understand the transformation of the whole society in the past, which to a certain degree became possible thanks to the analyses of the ancient family structures, including the changes they had undergone and the trends that had been identified. Against the background of the basic achievements of the West-European historiography of historical demography, the author also emphasises a significant development of the Polish research in this sphere, yet he notices that it has been achieved mainly by the efforts of individual researchers, hardly linked to any institution. Generally speaking, in spite of some revival of the last 30 years the knowledge of the basic biological function of the family, i.e. fertility, is still not satisfactory. That is why the author stresses the need to intensify research on demographic structures of families in Polish lands from the beginning of the 20th century and presents its programme. At the same time he underlines that now some former restrictions, which somehow hindered Polish research in which L. Henry’s method was used, have disappeared. At the moment, there are no bigger obstacles to track down hundreds of register books of births, deaths, marriages and baptisms, as well as marriage records of the 19th century. What is more, in the era of laptops and other digital carriers, there are no restrictions as far as equipment is concerned; information may be collected and processed in no time. The author reminds that for the last 25 years there have appeared only a few valuable studies on the basic biological function of the family, its fertility (inter alia Cezary Kuklo, Krzysztof Makowski, Agnieszka Zielińska). The article indicates that future studies on demographic and historical statistics of the family should fall back on the research potential included in L. Henry’s method to a much wider degree. Thanks to a more common use of the method procreative attitudes of the inhabitants who lived in Polish lands before the end of the 19th century should become more wid ely known, and – at the same time – make it possible to answer the question whether the procreative strategies were conscious or not. Future investigations, according to the author, should also take into consideration the problem of mortality. In the presented research programme what has been strongly stressed is the postulate of a more detailed description of the smallest social cell through its socio-economic – as well as religious and ethnic – differentiation, wherever it is possible. The programme also takes into account the need to describe the relations between spouses and between parents and children, and other members of the ancient households.

Anca Tudorancea (Ciuciu)

The article refers to the negative images rediscovered in recent Romanian history, images of the Iași pogrom of June 28 to 30, 1941, that still triggers rejection reactions in different environments. The fate of these images that were to be destroyed after the event is as interesting as the recent revaluation of the data base of images, which is found today in various archives. In multiple frames civilian witnesses can be seen passing by scenes showing executions and bodies of Jewish children, women and men. Talking about the event is still rare within hours of Romanian history or public setting, often even in Iași, where many teachers prefer to talk about images related to Poland and concentration camps. Also using images from Iași pogrom without interpretations can lead in time to the same type of abuse of the image as in Auschwitz case, a negative stereotype that shows an abused victim exposed of our sight.