During the “Glorious Thirty”, in order to develop reflection on the new “civilization of the image” and to promote the use of the photographic medium as a means of artistic expression, Albert Plécy, Raymond Grosset and Jacques Henri Lartigue founded on October 15, 1954 the Gens d’Images organization. Still active nowadays, this organization awards two annual prizes every year since 1955: the Niépce Prize, rewording the work of a French photographer, and the Nadar Prize, honoring a photographic book published in France during the year. This article traces Gens d’Images’s history, from its origins until 1985, in order to consider the influence of this association in French photography and thus highlighting certain hitherto unknown actors, events and networks that participate to the evolution of the status of photography in France during this period.
This study uses corpus linguistic methods to extract top keywords and analyze concordance lines in the majority and dissenting opinions in the U. S. Supreme Court ruling concerning Dobbs v. Jackson released on 24th June 2022. The combination of a quantitative analysis with manual inspection of selected concordances offers linguistic evidence of a deep ideological divide between the majority and dissenting justices that underpins the reality of partisan judicial decision-making.
Yushar Tanjung, Muhammad Ricky Hardiyansyah, Surya Aymanda Nababan
Abstract This study aims to describe the history of the Deli Malay and its current existence as one of the major ethnic groups in Indonesia. During the Dutch colonial period, Deli was famous for its tobacco plantations, even the practice of real contract coolies existed in Deli. Deli Malay is inseparable from other Malay sub-Malays in Indonesia as well as in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam. Only the characteristics of the Malay Deli remain and have contributed a lot to the progress of the Indonesian state to date. Like the Deli Malay civilization also produced cultural icons, especially the Maimun Palace and the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque. These two historic buildings are evidence of the greatness and existence of the Deli Malay civilization in North Sumatra. In addition, the most obvious is the Malay language which is used as the national language of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam, as well as several other Malay countries. Likewise, the system of royal government originating from Bustanussalatin, became a guide for Islamic Sultanates throughout the archipelago. Including traditional Malay clothing such as the cap, songkok or skullcap, became part of Indonesia’s national dress.
Синика Виталий Степанович, Разумов Сергей Николаевич, Лысенко Сергей Дмитриевич
et al.
В статье впервые публикуются и анализируются материалы, полученные при исследовании венгерского погребения 3 кургана 7 группы «ДОТ» у с.Глиное Слободзейского района на левобережье Нижнего Днестра. Захоронение было совершено в прямоугольной яме возле юго-восточной полы насыпи. Костяк лежал в вытянутом положении на спине, головой на запад-юго-запад. У левого плеча находилась левая плечевая кость овцы. Подобный обряд зафиксирован не только в венгерских могилах Северного Причерноморья, но и восточнее – в Подонье, в Поволжье и на Урале. В качестве жертвенных животных венгры использовали не только овец, но и лошадей, а также крупный рогатый скот. В ногах была поставлена деревянная колода. У левого колена был найден железный нож, у левой стопы – железная пластина. Поверх левого крыла таза лежали две серединные костяные накладки от лука. На правой лучевой кости располагались остатки колчана в виде пяти железных наконечников стрел и железного шила. Под правым запястьем, у крыла таза, зафиксированы фрагменты железного кресала и кресальный кремень. Аналогии наконечникам стрел, а также радиоуглеродные даты позволяют датировать захоронение концом IX – первой половиной Xвв. Это погребение, вместе с ранее исследованными на левобережье Нижнего Днестра венгерскими могилами, позволяет фиксировать пребывание венгров в регионе с середины IX по середину Xвв.
Research objectives: Attribution and description of the anonymous manuscript, conventionally named “History of Crimea”, from the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Research materials: Anonymous manuscript “History of Crimea”, kept in the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the signature B 747.
Results and novelty of research: The manuscript is a miscellany of various information about the Crimean Khanate, as well international relations, mainly between Russia and Turkey. In 1881, its Ottoman-Turkish text in Arabic script was published by the famous Russian researcher Vasiliy D. Smirnov (1846–1922), on the basis of the St. Petersburg copy, with corrections made according to the copy kept in Paris. V.D. Smirnov made several assumptions on who was the author of the text. The analysis showed the correctness of one of his assumptions, namely that the author – compiler of the text was Kesbî, the Turkish official from the second half of the eighteenth century. The identification of the author became possible due to the appearance of studies on the written heritage of Kesbi in recent decades, primarily the works of A. Ogreten. The comparison of B 747 with the text of “İbretnüma-yı devlet” (“Instruction to the State”, 1213 AH (1798–99 CE)) published by Ahmet Öğreten in 2002, leaves no doubt that the “History of Crimea” is the St. Petersburg copy of the aforesaid manuscript. In recent years, new hypotheses also appeared concerning the author, disputing the opinion of A. Öğreten and aiming to show that the miscellany was compiled not by Mustafa Kesbî, but by another Ottoman official, who wrote under the pseudonym Kesbî, Mehmed Haşim. At the same time, the text of the St. Petersburg copy of “İbretnüma-yı devlet” published by V.D. Smirnov 140 years ago, as well as the copy of the manuscript kept in Paris, still remains out of sight of Turkish specialists engaged in the study of this written text.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Civilization
In Portugal, until recently, the official memory of the Empire has overlooked the violent pasts under the dictatorship and decolonization – colonial war, repatriation - less unifying for the national collective identity. The first part of this article focuses on the societal and academic shift resulting from the emergence of memorializing counter-narratives. The aim is to identify the players in these processes and illustrate how, in this new political relationship with the past, the memory of dictatorship can be imbricated with that of decolonization. Studying current research — historiography, postcolonial studies — also highlights divergences in Portuguese academia on the role of history and memory — postmemory in particular — in the interpretation of such past events. The second part looks back on two case studies with a heuristic potential to deconstruct the very homogeneous representations of the history of Portuguese colonization and decolonization of Angola, and decompartmentalize national accounts. This relates to two individuals whose family histories link them to the Portuguese colonial presence in Angola, involved in writing about the past through eye-witness accounts or scientific research: an exiled in France, grandson of a colonial administrator and son of an anticolonial and antifascist militant actions; and the daughter of an interracial couple of retornados undertaking research on Angola. These case studies also reveal the complexity of social, political and ethno-racial affiliations in this postcolonial post-imperial context and challenge the social hierarchization inherited from the past and the silence surrounding this heritage.
Dams are playing a significant role in utilizing the resources of water and have a larger impact on the river ecosystem. It has an enormous deal of positive and negative effects on the environment in addition to their benefits like managing stream regimes, as a result preventing floods, obtaining domestic and irrigation water from the stored water and producing energy. The acute and chronic effects due to the construction of the dam are various and categorized according to the area, the services provided by the dams to the community and also its unsocial impacts, advantageous and detrimental impacts on nearby communities and to the aquatic environment These consequences of the construction of any dam project may be commanded in a rigorous and complicated approach resembling climatic, hydraulic, biological, communal, intellectual, archaeological etc. The role of Dams and their benefits are much more and impact directly in our social and environmental life, but it is also a key point that we have to focus about the negative effects of these developmental activities and major and minor dam construction projects by the way of water resource engineering and sustainable development. Dams have the majority of significant functions in utilizing water resources. All through the history of the world, dams have been used successfully in collecting, storing and managing water needed to uphold civilization. Dams have a great deal of affirmative and pessimistic effects on the environment. The advantages are also varying from modest to many folds to the community like controlling stream regime as a result of preventing floods, obtaining domestic and irrigation water from stored water and generating energy from hydropower. Whereas dam endows with significant benefit to our civilization, their impact on the surrounding includes resettlement and relocation, socioeconomic impact, environmental concerns, sedimentation issue, safety aspects etc. Over and above their incredibly important communal and ecological benefits, it is significant to moderate the negative effects of the dam on the environment regarding sustainable development.
In this article, after the Constitution, Iranian intellectuals on the basis of which institution or field should be considered for the cause of modernization, civilization, development, or other related concepts are divided into two groups. The first group considers the state the cause for development and the second group that seeks the agent outside the domain of state. The question is which of the two theories have been more successful in their claims according to their historical results. The claim and hypothesis of this study is that the theories of the second group, in the search for ways of direct development of the state, eventually hinder reform, engage in direct conflict with the state, and lead the process of society's transformation to a revolution or a repressive state. To justify this claim, this article will look at the history of Iranian intellectual development theories after the Constitution. The research method in this paper is "Inference based on the best explanation ", abbreviated as IBE. It seems that in the first two constitutional and Pahlavi periods, statism and in the second Pahlavi and Islamic Republic era anti-statism were dominant. During the Second Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic, two types of ideas were produced that were common to anti-statism and the main criticisms included: Theories of return to self and backwardness degeneration. Both are equally guilty of delaying the creation of a proper relationship between the state and the nation in the light of upholding up-to-date citizen rights and maintaining the sovereignty of the state.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
Uzun yıllardan beri Paris’te, INALCO’da (l’Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales) “études ottomanes et histoire turque”, Osmanlı Araştırmaları ve Türk Tarihi kürsüsünde akademik çalışmalarını sürdüren Prof. Dr. Faruk Bilici OsmanlıFransız ilişkileri konusunda yapmış olduğu önemli çalışmalara bir yenisini daha ekleyerek, bu kez “L’expédition d'Égypte, Alexandrie et les Ottomans: l’autre histoire [Mısır Seferi, İskenderiye ve Osmanlılar: Öteki Tarih]” adlı yeni çalışmasıyla İskenderiye’yi merkez alarak Napolyon’un Mısır Seferi’ne dair farklı bir bakış açısı ortaya koyuyor.
This paper has a background of polemics about the role of Islam in Malay history and civilization. The polemic begins with the accusations of some Orientalists who claim that Islam is a religion that does not contribute significantly to the progress of civilization in Malay land. This paper describes the strong denial of Syed Naquib Al-Attas against the accusation. Al-Attas shows evidence that Islam has an important role in advancing the development of Malay society and nation both in aspects of culture, thought, philosophy, science and Malay. This paper also presents the Al-Attas view of the contemporary world of Islam which has experienced backwardness in various aspects. Al-Attas identified various causes of the weakness of the Islamic ummah, especially the Malay people and the solution that must be done. For Al-Attas the progress of Islamic civilization and the Malay world can be done by: building various aspects of Malay Islamic civilization, improving the education system and applying the concept of Islamization of science.
The Indus Valley also referred to as Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilization excelled in variety of technologies, including metallurgy. Over the span of centuries, evolving from Pre/ Early Harappan to the Late Harappan cultural phases, the civilization evolved as an urban civilization. By the mature Harappan period (circa 2700 to 18/1700 BCE) metal technology attained great perfection. Several metallurgical innovations like the intricate ciré perdue or lost wax technique, true saw and the eye needle go to the credit of the metal smiths of that period. Exclusive objects of copper, gold, and silver came to be used. For special affects, minor metals like tin, arsenic, lead, antimony etc. came to be used for alloying. Although about 70% of the copper objects of the Harappan period are unalloyed, a judicious alloying pattern as per requirements may be discerned in the metal repertoire. Arsenic was found to be present in several statues probably with a specific reason. The sharp-edged cutting tools like razors, knives or daggers, arrowheads, spearheads, drills etc show a distinct alloying pattern with alloying of tin up to 1213%. The Harappan bronze tool repertoire comprised typical leaf-shaped arrowheads, spears with bent end, shaft-hole axe, double edged axes, the sword with amid-rib or the bronze female figurines like that of the ‘dancing girl’. In fashioning of pots and pans, technique of raisingsinking and drawing was employed. Exquisite gold jewellery and silver ware, though rare, has been found from Harappan sites. We propose to address here issue related to typology, pattern of metal utilization, and the metallurgical processes as well as raw material exploited in the Indus-Saraswati Civilization.
This bibliometric analysis deals with research on the collapse of the Maya civilization—a research topic with a long-lasting history, which has been boosted significantly by recent paleoclimatic research. The study is based on a publication set of 433 papers published between 1923 and 2016. The publications covered by the Web of Science (WoS) show a significant increase since 1990, reaching about 30 papers per year at present. The results show that the current discourse on the collapse of the Maya civilization is focused on the role of climate as a major factor for the demise of this ancient civilization. The bibliometric analyses also reveal that (1) paleoclimatic records become numerous and are increasingly better dated; (2) the explanatory power of the records has been significantly increased by analyzing samples from regions closer to the relevant Maya sites; and (3) interdisciplinary cooperation of the humanities (archeology, anthropology, history) with natural sciences disciplines (geoscience, ecology, paleoclimatology, meteorology) seems to be highly promising. The collapse of the Maya civilization is a good example of how natural sciences entered research in the humanities and social sciences (anthropology, archeology, history) and boosted research (and solutions) around long-discussed, but unsolved questions.