Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Jorge Melegati

The adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) suggests major changes for software engineering, including technical aspects but also human aspects of the professionals involved. One of these aspects is how individuals perceive themselves regarding their work, i.e., their work identity, and the processes they perform to form, adapt and reject these identities, i.e., identity work. Existent studies provide evidence of such identity work of software professionals triggered by the adoption of GenAI, however they do not consider differences among diverse roles, such as developers and testers. In this paper, we argue the need for considering the role as a factor defining the identity work of software professionals. To support our claim, we review some studies regarding different roles and also recent studies on how to adopt GenAI in software engineering. Then, we propose a research agenda to better understand how the role influences identity work of software professionals triggered by the adoption of GenAI, and, based on that, to propose new artifacts to support this adoption. We also discuss the potential implications for practice of the results to be obtained.

Zbigniew Szafrański

Abstract: In recent months, the abbreviation CPK has likely been the most frequently used acronym in public discourse. Debates, and often highly emotional disputes, have centred around whether the central airport and its associated railway network are necessary at all, whether they are oversized or not, and similar issues. However, less attention has been given to the impact of such a large investment project on the economic and social development of the regions that will fall within CPK’s sphere of influence. The Łódź Voivodeship, following the completion of infrastructure projects currently being implemented by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., as well as those being prepared by Centralny Port Komunikacyjny Sp. z o.o., could be one of the biggest beneficiaries of this landmark initiative. Keywords: CPK; Lodz Region

Artem Bezuglyi, Serhii Zavhorodnii, Volodymyr Kaskiv

Introduction. The article examines the current challenges of bridge management in Ukraine under the conditions of infrastructure aging and increasing traffic loads. The assessment of the technical condition of bridges is becoming especially important in the context of road safety, economic stability, and national defense. Problem Statement. Most bridges in Ukraine have been in service for more than fifty years, which has led to a decrease in their designed load capacity and the accumulation of structural defects. The lack of a systematic national modernization program complicates the effective planning of repairs and reconstructions. Similar challenges have previously arisen in developed countries that implemented large-scale infrastructure programs for bridge rehabilitation. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze international experience in bridge management, particularly the examples of the United States and Germany, and to develop recommendations for creating a national strategy for bridge renewal in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The study uses statistical data on the condition of bridges on national highways of Ukraine, the results of inspections and testing, information from official reports of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration and the German Ministry of Transport, as well as analytical sources and scientific publications devoted to the assessment of transport structures. Results. Based on the analysis of international practices, the key elements of an effective bridge management strategy have been identified, including systematic technical inspections, prioritization of works according to technical condition and transport importance, and stable funding based on long-term planning. It has been shown that the approaches of the United States and Germany differ in scale and implementation pace but share a common foundation — reliability of data and consistency in management decisions. Conclusion. The current state of Ukraine’s bridge infrastructure requires the introduction of a systematic management approach based on inspection results and scientifically grounded prioritization. The implementation of a program similar to the American and German models will help improve traffic safety, ensure efficient use of resources, and support the gradual renewal of bridges in the post-war period.

Bingjie Lu, Han-Cheng Dan, Yichen Zhang et al.

Mean texture depth (MTD) is pivotal in assessing the skid resistance of asphalt pavements and ensuring road safety. This study focuses on developing an automated system for extracting texture features and evaluating MTD based on pavement images. The contributions of this work are threefold: firstly, it proposes an economical method to acquire three-dimensional (3D) pavement texture data; secondly, it enhances 3D image processing techniques and formulates features that represent various aspects of texture; thirdly, it establishes multivariate prediction models that link these features with MTD values. Validation results demonstrate that the Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) model achieves remarkable prediction stability and accuracy (R2 = 0.9858), and field tests indicate the superiority of the proposed method over other techniques, with relative errors below 10%. This method offers a comprehensive end-to-end solution for pavement quality evaluation, from images input to MTD predictions output.

Haibo Wang, Zhuolin Xu, Shin Hwei Tan

Refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior while improving its internal structure. Refactoring engines are integral components of modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) and can automate or semi-automate this process to enhance code readability, reduce complexity, and improve the maintainability of software products. Similar to traditional software systems such as compilers, refactoring engines may also contain bugs that can lead to unexpected behaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called RETESTER, a LLM-based framework for automated refactoring engine testing. Specifically, by using input program structure templates extracted from historical bug reports and input program characteristics that are error-prone, we design chain-of-thought (CoT) prompts to perform refactoring-preserving transformations. The generated variants are then tested on the latest version of refactoring engines using differential testing. We evaluate RETESTER on two most popular modern refactoring engines (i.e., ECLIPSE, and INTELLIJ IDEA). It successfully revealed 18 new bugs in the latest version of those refactoring engines. By the time we submit our paper, seven of them were confirmed by their developers, and three were fixed.

Ziyou Li, Agnia Sergeyuk, Maliheh Izadi

Large Language Models are transforming software engineering, yet prompt management in practice remains ad hoc, hindering reliability, reuse, and integration into industrial workflows. We present Prompt-with-Me, a practical solution for structured prompt management embedded directly in the development environment. The system automatically classifies prompts using a four-dimensional taxonomy encompassing intent, author role, software development lifecycle stage, and prompt type. To enhance prompt reuse and quality, Prompt-with-Me suggests language refinements, masks sensitive information, and extracts reusable templates from a developer's prompt library. Our taxonomy study of 1108 real-world prompts demonstrates that modern LLMs can accurately classify software engineering prompts. Furthermore, our user study with 11 participants shows strong developer acceptance, with high usability (Mean SUS=73), low cognitive load (Mean NASA-TLX=21), and reported gains in prompt quality and efficiency through reduced repetitive effort. Lastly, we offer actionable insights for building the next generation of prompt management and maintenance tools for software engineering workflows.

Henna Tammia, Benjamin Kämä, Ella Peltonen

Digitraffic, Finland's open road data interface, provides access to nationwide road sensors with more than 2,300 real-time attributes from 1,814 stations. However, efficiently utilizing such a versatile data API for a practical application requires a deeper understanding of the data qualities, preprocessing phases, and machine learning tools. This paper discusses the challenges of large-scale road weather and traffic data. We go through the road-weather-related attributes from DigiTraffic as a practical example of processes required to work with such a dataset. In addition, we provide a methodology for efficient data utilization for the target application, a personalized road recommendation engine based on a simple routing application. We validate our solution based on real-world data, showing we can efficiently identify and recommend personalized routes for three different driver profiles.

Tetyana Tereshchenko

Introduction. In the introduction to the paper, the common questions concerning the assurance of the terminological congruence of national standards’ provisions, when being harmonized, with provisions of regional or international standards were outlined and also important sources of appropriate regional information in the sector of the transport infrastructure were identified. Problem statement. The issue of the paper concerns terminological matter in the domain of definitions for the interchange systems on motor roads peculiarly those constituting international traffic arteries and for elements of such systems. Purpose. The paper is aimed on the analysis of scientific sources and provisions of the EU regulatory acts to state the problems and develop the propositions concerning initial points for the enlargement of the structure of terminology relating the interchange systems on motor roads constituting international traffic arteries. Results. The analysis of functional requirements and the international motor roads classification with motorways as the main component as well as the terminology relating interchange systems and their elements was performed within the frame of the European Agreement on main international traffic arteries. The stratification for those systems’ elements was proposed and general requirements for the design of interchanges on the motorways constituting international traffic arteries were reviewed. Also, considering the road building industry experience beyond the European continent, the safety-concerning design decisions for the interchanges’ elements not covered by the above mentioned European Agreement were briefly analyzed. Conclusions. Regarding the results of the performed analysis it is proposed to state the task to enlarge the structure of terminology for definition of an interchange system on motor roads constituting international traffic arteries and elements of those systems as well, particularly for interchanges as the main component of the safety-concerning design. As the initial point for the adequate elaboration of terminology, the proposed stratification of elements of the interchange system on motor roads constituting the international traffic arteries may be used.

Bin Yu, Yuchen Wang, Qihang Chen et al.

Increasing development of accurate and efficient road three-dimensional (3D) modeling presents great opportunities to improve the data exchange and integration of building information modeling (BIM) models. 3D modeling of road scenes is crucial for reference in asset management, construction, and maintenance. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology is increasingly employed to generate high-quality point clouds for road inventory. In this paper, we specifically investigate the use of LiDAR data for road 3D modeling. The purpose of this review is to provide references about the existing work on the road 3D modeling based on LiDAR point clouds, critically discuss them, and provide challenges for further study. Besides, we introduce modeling standards for roads and discuss the components, types, and distinctions of various LiDAR measurement systems. Then, we review state-of-the-art methods and provide a detailed examination of road segmentation and feature extraction. Furthermore, we systematically introduce point cloud-based 3D modeling methods, namely, parametric modeling and surface reconstruction. Parameters and rules are used to define model components based on geometric and non-geometric information, whereas surface modeling is conducted through individual faces within its geometry. Finally, we discuss and summarize future research directions in this field. This review can assist researchers in enhancing existing approaches and developing new techniques for road modeling based on LiDAR point clouds.

Bolislav Vyshnivskyi

Introduction. Road bridges are an important part of the road network of the transport infrastructure of Ukraine. Nowadays a large number of road bridges do not meet the modern requirements for ensuring road traffic safety and structural reliability of building elements. Problems. It was established that there is a need to develop a method of designing a cement-concrete coating on a reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges Goal. To propose an approach for designing a cement-concrete coating on a reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges. Results. The strength calculation was performed when assessing the limit state of the cement-concrete coating in terms of crack resistance from the joint action of vehicles and temperature changes. The measures of damage to the cement-concrete coating on the reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges due to tensile stresses arising from the action of pneumatic wheels of vehicles were determined. Conclusions. The paper proposes approaches to the design of a cement-concrete coating on a reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges.

Cuiyun Gao, Xing Hu, Shan Gao et al.

With the advent of large language models (LLMs) in the artificial intelligence (AI) area, the field of software engineering (SE) has also witnessed a paradigm shift. These models, by leveraging the power of deep learning and massive amounts of data, have demonstrated an unprecedented capacity to understand, generate, and operate programming languages. They can assist developers in completing a broad spectrum of software development activities, encompassing software design, automated programming, and maintenance, which potentially reduces huge human efforts. Integrating LLMs within the SE landscape (LLM4SE) has become a burgeoning trend, necessitating exploring this emergent landscape's challenges and opportunities. The paper aims at revisiting the software development life cycle (SDLC) under LLMs, and highlighting challenges and opportunities of the new paradigm. The paper first summarizes the overall process of LLM4SE, and then elaborates on the current challenges based on a through discussion. The discussion was held among more than 20 participants from academia and industry, specializing in fields such as software engineering and artificial intelligence. Specifically, we achieve 26 key challenges from seven aspects, including software requirement & design, coding assistance, testing code generation, code review, code maintenance, software vulnerability management, and data, training, and evaluation. We hope the achieved challenges would benefit future research in the LLM4SE field.

Umm-e- Habiba, Markus Haug, Justus Bogner et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) permeates all fields of life, which resulted in new challenges in requirements engineering for artificial intelligence (RE4AI), e.g., the difficulty in specifying and validating requirements for AI or considering new quality requirements due to emerging ethical implications. It is currently unclear if existing RE methods are sufficient or if new ones are needed to address these challenges. Therefore, our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of RE4AI to researchers and practitioners. What has been achieved so far, i.e., what practices are available, and what research gaps and challenges still need to be addressed? To achieve this, we conducted a systematic mapping study combining query string search and extensive snowballing. The extracted data was aggregated, and results were synthesized using thematic analysis. Our selection process led to the inclusion of 126 primary studies. Existing RE4AI research focuses mainly on requirements analysis and elicitation, with most practices applied in these areas. Furthermore, we identified requirements specification, explainability, and the gap between machine learning engineers and end-users as the most prevalent challenges, along with a few others. Additionally, we proposed seven potential research directions to address these challenges. Practitioners can use our results to identify and select suitable RE methods for working on their AI-based systems, while researchers can build on the identified gaps and research directions to push the field forward.

Prof. A. B. Moghe, Jay R. Chavhan, Bharosh M. Rathod et al.

Abstract: Maintaining highways is crucial to ensure road surfaces are safe and smooth for drivers, ultimately loading to efficient and cost-effective transportation. Regular maintenance helps prevent accidents and reduces theoverall cost of road repairs in the long run. The investigation found that the authority of RCC performs their maintenance work in one year when allocated funds are available. Many types of road failures oc, such as cracks, pot-holes, ravelling, water bleeding, corrugation and showing, depression, and rutting. The possible causes of flexible pavement failures are improper bituminous mixes with poor quality materials, heavy traffic loads,heavy rainfall, and bad drainage on pavement. The failures are gradually raised due to a lack of proper planning, inspection,and treatment. These failures create different types of disadvantages like traffic jams, discomfort to the passengers aswell as drivers, increasing vehicle operating, maintenance costs, etc

Narayan Kc, R. Aryal, B. R. Joshi et al.

Rutting and fatigue are the most common pavement distresses that are caused due to overloading, subgrade strength, and poor construction quality. The strength of the pavement layer can be improved by the construction of cement-treated layers. This study suggested that the cement-treated base is the effective modification technique for a granular base course by evaluating the unconfined compressive strength, and modulus of rupture. The unconfined compressive strength revealed that a cement-treated base is an effective treatment for the improvement of strength. Similarly, flexural strength indicated that a cement-treated base is an effective method to reduce the fatigue damage of the base course, and 5% cement content is sufficient to resist crack formation on the base course. 5.34% cement content in CTB developed a stiff mix with a stronger ability towards applied load dispersion that can resists deformation. In the meantime, unconfined compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity obtained at 5.34% cement content on a cement-treated base satisfied the minimum requirement as set by the Department of Roads, Government of Nepal.

C. Kennedy, U. Okonkwo

The study investigated the effect of different stabilization materials, including residual soil and river sands, on the properties of subgrade soil for road and pavement structures. The results showed that the chemical composition of the subgrade soil was dominated by calcium, aluminum, and silicon, indicating a mineral clay soil. The use of stabilization materials led to a decrease in fines content and an increase in maximum dry density. The behavior of optimum moisture content was non-linear, and the liquid limit of the stabilized subgrade soil decreased significantly for all three materials, indicating a decrease in soil swelling ability. The study also revealed that the use of composite materials of cement and residual soil or river sand can improve the properties of subgrade soil and lead to an increase in unconfined compressive strength. The findings of this study can aid in the selection of appropriate stabilization materials and methods, and in the optimization of the use of these materials in road construction for improved strength and durability. Further research is needed to fully understand the characteristics of subgrade soil and determine the most effective methods for its stabilization and management. This study investigates the effects of residual soil and river sands on the mechanical properties of subgrade soil, with a focus on liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, and unconfined compressive strength. The results suggest that residual soil, Orashi River sand, and Sombrero River sand are effective stabilizing agents for subgrade soil, with an increase in strength observed with increasing percentages of stabilizing material. However, there is an optimum content of stabilization material required to achieve maximum strength values, beyond which the strength decreases. The study also highlights the importance of considering the effect of soaking on the strength of subgrade soil and demonstrates the effectiveness of using composite .........

Juliusz Engelhardt

Abstract: The subject of the article is the development of the railway infrastructure of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the period of socio-economic transformation. After an introduction containing a short historical outline, a significant regression of the railway infrastructure in Western Pomerania in the first phase of the transformation period covering the years 1990 - 2004 was indicated. the EU budget perspective 2007-2013 and investments implemented in this period under the Regional Operational Programme. The basic documents concerning the transport policy of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship from 2002 and 2010, which defined the needs of the region in the development of railway infrastructure, were also indicated. In the summary of the article, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing railway network in Western Pomerania were pointed out, with the disadvantages clearly determining the directions of past investments in this area of transport infrastructure. Keywords: Transport policy; Railway infrastructure; Line and station investments

Pablo Girardi Mancini, Oscar Víctor Cordo

Se presenta en este artículo problemas de remoción en masa ocasionados por excesivas lluvias en la Ruta Nacional 40, tramo San Carlos de Bariloche-El Bolsón en el sudoeste de la provincia de Río Negro, en la Patagonia, Argentina, en el sector que bordea el lago Guillelmo. La zona en cuestión presenta copiosas precipitaciones que afectan cerros cuyas laderas han sufrido incendios forestales, que las han dejado sin vegetación y susceptibles a la erosión. Los problemas citados motivaron que Vialidad Nacional hiciera un pedido a la Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos de Montaña para solucionar este problema que se está haciendo crónico y cuya gravedad aumenta con cada evento climático. En efecto luego de cada lluvia, grandes volúmenes de detritos se acumulan sobre la calzada cortando la ruta, dejando incomunicadas a las ciudades de San Carlos de Bariloche y El Bolsón, generando un sinnúmero de inconvenientes a la región. En este trabajo se proponen en primer lugar, medidas tendientes a paliar este problema a corto plazo, y otras acciones con el objetivo de lograr una solución a mediano y largo plazo para este serio problema en forma definitiva.

Adam Pawlik

Abstract: The article presents the operational principles of the Poznań Metropolitan Railway (PMR) system as an alternative to the increasing share of car transport in the Poznań Agglomeration. One of the main reasons for establishing PMR is the issue of suburbanization, which has led to a significant number of Poznań residents relocating to neighboring municipalities, requiring an efficient commute to Poznań. Research findings indicate that the best solution to this problem is the provision of fast and regular rail connections, particularly for daily commutes to work and school. Furthermore, the article highlights that launching PMR is an economically attractive alternative to expanding the road network, which would be necessary if current transport trends continue. Keywords: Metropolitan railway; Suburbanization; Sustainable transport; Agglomeration

Rui Chen, Lu Gao, Yutian Liu et al.

Smart roads have become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The roadside perception technology, a critical aspect of smart roads, utilizes various sensors, roadside units (RSUs), and edge computing devices to gather real-time traffic data for vehicle-road cooperation. However, the full potential of smart roads in improving the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles only can be realized through the mass deployment of roadside perception and communication devices. On the one hand, roadside devices require significant investment but can only achieve monitoring function currently, resulting in no profitability for investors. On the other hand, drivers lack trust in the safety of autonomous driving technology, making it difficult to promote large-scale commercial applications. To deal with the dilemma of mass deployment, we propose a novel smart-road vehicle-guiding architecture for vehicle-road cooperative autonomous driving, based on which we then propose the corresponding business model and analyze its benefits from both operator and driver perspectives. The numerical simulations validate that our proposed smart road solution can enhance driving safety and traffic efficiency. Moreover, we utilize the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model to assess the economic advantages of the proposed business model which indicates that the smart highway that can provide vehicle-guided-driving services for autonomous vehicles yields more profit than the regular highway.

Harvinder Singh, Dr. Devinder Sharma

Managing information to assist more efficient decision making is currently in high demand for transportation organizations, from engineering at the micro level to statewide planning and management at the macro level. Furthermore, data sharing and cooperation among several government agencies at all levels are required to address the complex environmental and economic development issues that face society today. In the past, the majority of transportation agencies and government sectors frequently used information systems and database development for particular applications. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) outside of the transportation sector has been quite effective. Since GIS in transportation (GIS-T) has been used in numerous transportation projects to detect transportation-related problems, it (GIS-T) offers thorough and timely information for sound decision-making. Using geographic information systems for storage is effective. Geographic data from the real world is retrieved, modified, and displayed for transportation systems. In many nations throughout the world, GIS has been utilized as an effective development platform for information systems for the management of pavement maintenance. Road widening or upgrading, maintenance management, evaluation, geometric design and improvement, and other operations related to road transport can all be managed with the help of a GIS-based Highway Information System (HIS). In the current dissertation, GIS was used to create a highway information system. Many road factors including topography characteristics, distresses, traffic data, highway amenities, and pavement data were gathered.