Resumen: La influencia de la arquitectura greco-romana en la nomenclatura neuroanatómica se remonta a más de 2500 años, cuando las estructuras del cuerpo humano fueron nombradas en función de su semejanza con objetos arquitectónicos. Durante la antigüedad, la terminología anatómica se desarrolló en griego y latín, sentando las bases para la nomenclatura médica moderna. Este artículo explora la relación entre elementos arquitectónicos y neuroanatómicos, destacando estructuras como el atrium, tálamo, clinoides, ínsula, puente, fórnix, acueducto y pulvinar.El análisis incluye su origen arquitectónico, su evolución histórica y su impacto en la neuroanatomía. Por ejemplo, el tálamo, que en griego hacía referencia a una alcoba, es una estructura central del diencéfalo involucrada en la transmisión sensorial. El pulvinar, descrito en 1786 por Vicq d’Azyr y nombrado por Burdach en 1817, hace referencia a una tribuna elevada en los juegos romanos, mientras que el puente del tronco encefálico refleja su función de conexión entre estructuras cerebrales, análoga a los puentes romanos.Estos términos no solo evidencian la permanencia del legado greco-romano en la medicina, sino que también destacan cómo la arquitectura y la neuroanatomía han compartido una visión estructural basada en la funcionalidad y la forma. A través de referencias en textos históricos y literatura, se demuestra cómo estos conceptos han trascendido su contexto original, consolidándose en el lenguaje médico actual. Abstract: The influence of Greco-Roman architecture on neuroanatomical nomenclature dates back more than 2,500 years, when structures of the human body were named according to their resemblance to architectural elements. During antiquity, anatomical terminology developed in Greek and Latin, laying the foundations for modern medical nomenclature. This article explores the relationship between architectural and neuroanatomical elements, highlighting structures such as the atrium, thalamus, clinoid processes, insula, pons, fornix, aqueduct, and pulvinar.The analysis includes their architectural origins, historical evolution, and impact on neuroanatomy. For example, the thalamus—derived from a Greek term referring to an inner chamber or alcove—is a central structure of the diencephalon involved in sensory transmission. The pulvinar, first described in 1786 by Vicq d’Azyr and named by Burdach in 1817, refers to an elevated tribune used in Roman public games, while the pons of the brainstem reflects its role as a connecting structure between different regions of the brain, analogous to Roman bridges.These terms not only demonstrate the enduring legacy of Greco-Roman culture in medicine but also highlight how architecture and neuroanatomy share a structural vision grounded in form and function. Through references to historical texts and literature, this article illustrates how these concepts have transcended their original contexts and become firmly established in contemporary medical language.
El objeto de nuestro estudio es analizar los préstamos nominales de origen griego en el texto copto de P.KRU 74 a partir del examen de los equivalentes nominales y el contenido semántico-histórico de los sustantivos. Para esto, dividimos nuestro estudio en dos partes. En la primera, identificamos las equivalencias nominales en el texto copto de P.KRU 74. En la segunda parte, distinguimos el significado de cada sustantivo desde una perspectiva semántico-histórica, cuya indagación se puede extender, en algunos casos, desde el período clásico o ptolemaico hasta el siglo VIII d.C. Al final, incorporamos un Anexo con el texto copto y nuestra traducción.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
Recensione di Kapellos, A. (ed.) (2023). The Orators and their Treatment of the Recent Past. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 541 pp. Trends in Classics 133.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature, History of the Greco-Roman World
The question of whether Quintus read and used Latin texts in the composi-tion of his Posthomerica has persisted throughout the history of scholarship on this poem. Direct allusions to Latin literature are complicated by the fact that Quintus is writing not only in a different language, but also in an intensely Homeric idiom perhaps just under 1000 years old, with all the tradition and formulae that accompanied it.1 Intertexts and evocations of other poems written in the same epic diction are thus much easier to detect even than other Greek texts (such as tragedies), let alone Latin ones. This ‘Latin question’ was dominated in the mid-20th century by Rudolf Keydell, who argued for pro-digious use of Latin literature in the Posthomerica , including works by Virgil, Ovid, Seneca and Cicero, and Francis Vian, who more cautiously preferred to see Greek models (even if not extant) for Quintus’ poem.2 Keydell may indeed have been over-eager to detect allusions in some instances, but his analysis of very close verbal parallels between passages of the Posthomerica (12.358-407) and the Aeneid (9.440-517), both narrating the formation of a military testudo and its destruction by Trojan defenders, convincingly argued for Quintus’ close reading and use of the Aeneid .3 Since then, and for fairly obvious reasons — partially shared setting and characters — the focus has largely been on Virgil’s
In the poetry of many nations, the interjection O! is a marker of poeticalness, a marker that contributes to the factors distinguishing poetry from colloquial speech. O! is treated not so much as an expression derived from the language in which a given poem was written (i.e., English, Italian, Polish, etc.) as a common lexeme within an international poetic language. In different countries, the interjection O! is understood in similar ways and does not require translation, even if the other parts of the poem are rendered in distinct languages. Despite the importance of the interjection in world literature, research into the semantics of O! has been limited in scope. The aim of this article is to trace the main stages of development that O! has undergone in European poetry from antiquity until the present day. The article initially discusses the semantic variants of the interjection in ancient Greek and Latin poetry. These derive from two functions of O!, functions that are described within the context of the Bakhtinian concepts of the addressee and superaddressee. Subsequently, the process in which the autonomy of this lexeme was shaped with regard to vernacular languages is considered. The examples illustrating this process have been taken from Bulgarian, English, French, German, Italian, Occitan, and Polish poetry.
El presente número especial de Circe reúne trabajos inspirados en exposiciones realizadas en el “III Workshop Internacional de Filosofía Antigua” (2020 - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico) en el marco del PIP (CONICET) “La concepción de philosophía en Platón y sus desarrollos en el pensamiento helenístico”, Instituto de Filosofía (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires) dirigido por la Dra. María Angélica Fierro.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
The presented publication is a type of bibliographic dictionary, compiled by an interdisciplinary team of authors (Byzantynists and Paleoslavists), containing an overview of medieval texts referring to the person of Muhammad, the Arabs, and the circumstances of the birth of Islam, which were known in the Slavia Orthodoxa area (especially in its eastern part, i.e. in Rus’). Therefore, it presents the works written in the Church Slavic language between the 9th and the mid-16th centuries. As the Old Rus’ discourse on Islam was shaped under the overwhelming influence of Byzantine literature, the majority of the presented sources are Byzantine texts from the 6th–14th centuries, translated into the literary language of the Orthodox Slavs. The reader will also find here a discussion on several relics, originally created in other languages of the Christian East (Syriac, Arabic) and the West (Latin), which – through the Greek – were assimilated on the Slavic ground. This book aims to fill a gap in previous studies on inter-religious polemics in the Middle Ages, which has usually focused on Christian-Muslim cultural relations, analyzing Greek and Latin texts or the works written in one of the Middle Eastern languages, almost completely ignoring the Church Slavic heritage. It is worth noting that a number of the texts presented here (as well as Slavic translations of Byzantine sources) have not been published so far. The information on them, provided in this monograph, is therefore the result of research conducted directly on the manuscript material. This publication represents a very high professional level. It is a unique, pioneering achievement that raises the level of knowledge about the reception of Old Rus’ literature until the mid-16th century in the context of what had been written about the prophet Muhammad and the birth of Islam in the 7th century. The discourse is very specific, consistent, diligent, meticulous, yet not “verbose”. The analysis of the cited literature clearly shows that the state of research on individual works is well known to the authors and that this review includes the most recent findings. Prof. Zdzisiaw Pentek, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan
Anna Asimaki, Nikolitsa Berdeni, Gerasimos Koustourakis
et al.
<p>The aim of this paper, which makes use of Basil Bernstein’s theoretical framework, is to take a sociological approach to the pedagogical practices that are implemented by literature teachers for teaching Modern Greek Language in the first year of Senior High School, which is a transitional year in the second tier of Greek secondary education. We also aim to investigate the corrective ‘strategies’ that these teachers adopt in order to contribute to their pupils’ successful acquisition of school knowledge related to the Language lesson. The research was carried out using the tools of structured observation and semi-structured interview with a sample of 14 literature teachers, who were working in Greek secondary education. The most significant research findings revealed that the pedagogical practices that were implemented by the teachers in the sample are linked to the implementation of explicit regulative and instructional rules that originate in a visible pedagogical practice. What’s more, ‘corrective’ strategies were implemented with the pupils who weren’t able to satisfy the sequencing and pacing rules of the transmitted knowledge. It also emerged that an important site for the completion of the acquisition of transmitted school knowledge is related to the field of ‘shadow’ education.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0688/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
La narración genesíaca del sueño de Adán fue objeto de cuidadosas consideraciones entre judíos y cristianos. Entre estos últimos, se destacan las abigarradas especulaciones de los gnósticos en las que se aprecia una alta valoración del elemento femenino ordenado a la ayuda y dignidad del varón. En el presente trabajo se analizan algunos aspectos que se desprenden de textos fundamentales de las tradiciones oriental y cristiana respecto del tema y que permiten recuperar gran parte de lo más originario de la antropología cristiana primitiva.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
El conocimiento y la utilización del Fedón por Filón es una importante fuente de información acerca de la interpretación que del diálogo se realizaba en la época. Debemos tener en cuenta que Filón nunca hace referencias directas al Fedón sino solo cita algunos breves fragmentos. No obstante, el lenguaje de Platón ha influido sobre Filón, en especial el empleo de adjetivos compuestos. Además, Filón recoge del diálogo una abundante cosecha de imágenes: a) la imagen del cuerpo como una prisión; b) la imagen del cuerpo como un ropaje del alma; c) la esclavitud que el alma debe sobrellevar debido a estar unida al cuerpo; y d) el viaje al extranjero (ἀποδημία) hacia otro lugar (Fedón 67c), que se corresponde con el tema bíblico de la migración. Se exploran también otros temas del diálogo, como el descenso del alma al cuerpo en términos de met empsicosis o reencarnación. Finalmente, se realiza el análisis de cuatro pasajes: Leg. 1. 105-108, Gig. 13-15, Somn. 1. 138-139 and Her. 267-276.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
La stele restituisce un decreto risalente all’estate del 337 a.C. che sancisce da un lato la concessione di corone d’oro e della cittadinanza ateniese a due fratelli acarnani, Formione e Karphinas, comandanti di un contingente militare acarnano che avrebbe combattuto insieme ad Atene a Cheronea, dall’altro il riconoscimento di una serie di onori a quegli Acarnani che li seguirono e che evidentemente di questo contingente costituirono il nerbo. Il decreto onorario è estremamente interessante per la ricostruzione della situazione che venne a crearsi ad Atene nei momenti immediatamente successivi alla battaglia di Cheronea, quando la città, all’apparenza filo-macedone, sembrò proseguire la sua resistenza a Filippo II concedendo asilo a coloro che l’avevano sostenuta nello scontro militare contro la Macedonia e che per questo si trovavano ad essere perseguitati. Nel testo del decreto, poi, si ricorda esplicitamente che il nonno dei due onorati, Formione, era stato a sua volta beneficiario nel 400 a.C. ca. della concessione della cittadinanza ateniese: la menzione di questo provvedimento precedente crea un forte legame, con evidenti risvolti propagandistici, tra i momenti successivi alla battaglia di Cheronea e quelli seguenti alla conclusione della guerra del Peloponneso. Infine il decreto può anche essere considerato una valida fonte per lo studio della concessione dell’isoteleia, in questo caso specifico riconosciuta nella sua forma più ampia (esenzione dal metoikion; diritto di enktesis; garanzia di tutele giuridiche; diritto di pagare le eisphorai con i cittadini) e non a singoli, ma a un gruppo di esuli politici.
En el apartado inicial de este trabajo a analizaremos la disputa entablada por Draconcio a partir de la apropiación y reinserción de ciertos sintagmas de Virgilio y de Estacio, orientados a establecer la naturaleza falaz y engañosa de la profecía de Apolo en El rapto de Helena. En la segunda parte, mostraremos que la caracterización despectiva de dicha divinidad en el poema se proyecta, a su vez, hacia el universo textual de la Eneida, proponiendo una lectura inscripta en la misma línea exegética desarrollada en África, un siglo antes, por Agustín de Hipona.
Philology. Linguistics, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
A Commentary on Cicero, De Divinatione I , is the first English-language commentary on the Latin text of Marcus Tullius Cicero's dialogue in almost one hundred years. The defense of divination (the science of predicting the future) offered in Book 1 is illustrated with many entertaining anecdotes that make the argument more accessible to a wider range of readers than many of Cicero's other philosophical works. De Divinatione also preserves many fragments of otherwise lost masterpieces of Roman Republican literature. It is a text important for the study of Roman religion, as well as Roman political and intellectual history. This commentary aims to assist the reader in seeing De Divinatione as a cohesive whole, and to make it accessible - not only to classicists, but also to scholars of religion and to philosophers who may not be familiar with the historical and Roman intellectual background that are the focus here. The cases made for and against divination in De Divinatione closely follow arguments made by Greek philosophers, but many of the examples illustrating them reflect Cicero's preferences in literature, his own poetic efforts and political experience, and his expertise as an augur. The result is a very personal work closely tied to Cicero's own experience. Celia Schultz' volume contains the full Latin text of De Divinatione , Book 1, and accompanies it with commentary on points of grammar, history, prosopography, and ancient religious practice, among other topics. She includes a helpful bibliography for those interested in further study of points raised in the text or commentary.
Pour expliquer l’origine des fêtes d’Anna Perenna, Ovide recourt à la sœur de Didon, Anna, telle qu’elle apparaissait dans l’Énéide. Il invente pour elle des tribulations qui reprennent le schéma épique des errances d’Énée. Mais la réécriture détourne le modèle vers des enjeux décalés qui mettent en cause les valeurs de l’épopée, tout en ménageant une hybridation avec l’élégie. L’analyse minutieuse du détournement narratif ainsi opéré conduit à préciser la poétique des Fastes, à montrer en particulier comment la composition et la structure de l’œuvre elles-mêmes peuvent déterminer les rapports qu’elle entretient avec l’idéologie augustéenne.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
El presente artículo evidencia que la firma y rúbricas que encontramos en el Ms. 7200 de la Biblioteca Nacional de España (Madrid) son de don Hernando de Vallejo, escribano de cámara del Consejo Real durante los reinados de Felipe III y Felipe IV, y que la presencia de estas obedece a la autentificación del mismo en su camino a la imprenta. La investigación demuestra, además, que la mayor parte del Ms. 7200 es del s. XVII y descarta que el escribano de cámara lo hubiera firmado y rubricado por ser el autor de la versión poética castellana de las obras de Horacio contenida en el mismo.
History of the Greco-Roman World, Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature