Hasil untuk "Geography"

A. Pred

R. O'brien

M. Pacione

B. Graham, G. Ashworth, J. Tunbridge

F. Salamini, H. Özkan, A. Brandolini et al.

Ruth Wilson Gilmore

H. Bathelt, Johannes Glückler

SPULBAR CRISTI , DUPIR MIHAI CATALIN

This article analyses the evolution, structure, and dynamics of the academic literature on green finance in the context of climate change, using a bibliometric approach applied to publications indexed in the Web of Science – Core Collection for the period 2001–2025. The methodology is based on descriptive and relational bibliometric indicators, including the analysis of scientific production, sources, authors’ impact, co-authorship networks, and keyword co occurrence, complemented by thematic maps and temporal analyses of emerging themes, conducted using the Bibliometrix package within the R environment. The results highlight an accelerated growth of academic interest after 2016, with a concentration of publications in economics and finance journals such as Energy Economics, Finance Research Letters, and International Review of Financial Analysis, as well as a polycentric structure of international collaborations dominated by East Asia and Europe. The conceptual analysis reveals three major thematic clusters: the performance and impact of green investments, energy transition and sustainable economic growth, and systemic risks and financial stability. The emergence of themes such as financial digitalisation, fintech, and artificial intelligence indicates recent directions of research diversification. The article contributes by providing a systematic mapping of a rapidly maturing field and by identifying epistemic gaps, highlighting the need to expand comparative studies, interdisciplinary approaches, and analyses of green finance in emerging and transition economies.

S. Coulibaly, U. Deichmann, M. E. Freire et al.

J. Allik, R. McCrae

Linjiao Wang, Xiang Gao, Maoyin Sheng

Abstract Background Phytolith-occluded organic carbon (PhytOC) is an important mechanism of long-term stable carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Farmland abandonment is a widespread land use change in the process of urbanization and industrialization and is still ongoing. Farmland abandonment can significantly affect soil carbon cycling. To elucidate the effects of farmland abandonment on soil PhytOC accumulation, in the present study, corn fields abandoned for 0 to 30 years ago in the mountainous areas of southern China were selected as the research objects. The change trends, influencing factors, and driving mechanisms of soil PhytOC accumulation during the abandonment process were studied. Results The following results were obtained: (1) The range of PhytOC content and storage of the 0–15 cm soil profile for both active and abandoned corn fields was 0.39–1.49 g·kg− 1 and 0.27–0.83 t·hm− 2, respectively. (2) There was a notable enhancement in soil PhytOC accumulation as the duration of abandonment lengthened. In particular, after 30 years of abandonment, soil PhytOC accumulation rose significantly. (3) Abandonment noticeably altered the contents and ratios of soil nutrients of C, N, P and Si, along with key soil enzyme activities such as urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase. (4) In the context of corn field abandonment, increase in soil PhytOC was primarily attributed to modifications in PhytOC inputs due to variations in surface vegetation cover. The impact of soil environment alterations resulting from abandonment on PhytOC decomposition was less pronounced. Conclusions These findings are instrumental for accurately assessing the carbon sequestration potential of farmland abandonment and for developing regional carbon management strategies based on such practices.

W. Furian, T. Sauter

<p>This study investigates simulated glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) at five glacial lakes in the Everest region of Nepal using the three-dimensional model OpenFOAM. It presents the evolution of GLOF characteristics in the 21st century considering different moraine breach scenarios and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios. The results demonstrate that in low-magnitude scenarios, the five lakes generate GLOFs that inundate between 0.35 and 2.23 km<span class="inline-formula">²</span> of agricultural land with an average water depth of 0.9 to 3.58 m. These GLOFs reach distances of 59 to 84 km, affect 30 to 88 km of roads or trails, and inundate 183 to 1699 buildings with 1.2 to 4.9 m of water. In higher scenarios, GLOFs can extend over 100 km and also affect larger settlements in the foothills. Between 80 and 100 km of roads, 735 to 1989 houses and 0.85 to 3.52 km<span class="inline-formula">²</span> of agricultural land could be inundated, with average water depths of up to 10 m. The high precision of the 3D flood modeling, with detailed simulations of turbulence and viscosity, provides valuable insights into 21st-century GLOF evolution, supporting more accurate risk assessments and effective adaptation strategies.</p>

E. Moretti

Wu Taoyang, Liu Jixu, Wu Chunling et al.

Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) have advantages such as clean combustion and zero carbon emissions, and have become one of the important technical routes for decarbonization in the internal combustion engine industry. In this paper, several key factors affecting the performance and emissions of hydrogen internal combustion engines, such as ignition timing, excess air coefficient, and hydrogen injection timing, were systematically studied on a spark ignition multi-point injection (MPI) hydrogen internal combustion engine bench. The experimental results indicate that the ignition timing controls the combustion phase of hydrogen. Moderate early ignition can improve the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while having little impact on the NOX emissions. Excess air coefficient(λ) can significantly affect the performance and emissions of H2-ICE. Along with the increase of the λ, the NOX emissions first increases and then continues to decline. When the λ reaching 2.1 or above, near zero emissions of NOX can be achieved. The advance of hydrogen injection timing will slightly increase the peak of cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate. However, overall, the impact of hydrogen injection timing on BTE and NOX emissions is not significant on MPI H2-ICE.

Kose John, A. Knyazeva, D. Knyazeva

Macià Blázquez Salom, Ivan Murray Mas, Antonio Alberto Artigues

Se analiza el ejercicio de la hegemonía empresarial hotelera para reactivar su tasa de beneficios tras la crisis de 2008. El Estado –la administración autonómica- apoyó normativamente obras y reformas hoteleras antes prohibidas, abandonando el “contencionismo” y dispensándolas del cumplimiento de ciertos parámetros normativos. Este respaldo de la regulación pública burla la preservación de los principios de igualdad o de prohibición de la arbitrariedad mediante el alegato a la superación de la crisis, desestacionalizar y a la mejora de la sostenibilidad, la accesibilidad y la seguridad. La metodología de trabajo ha consistido en el análisis de la flexibilización normativa en las Islas Baleares y estadístico y cartográfico de los datos disponibles sobre las obras de reforma y ampliación de los hoteles de Mallorca (2009-2021). Los resultados demuestran que el capital fijo inmobiliario de la industria turística de Mallorca se ha renovado y ampliado, con un aumento de 19.434 plazas entre 2010 y 2021 (superior al registrado entre 1999 y 2010, de 16.117 plazas), y el incremento de categorías e inversión en obras de nueva planta y reformas. Dichos proyectos de reforma y ampliación se concentraron en los resorts de sol y playa y la ciudad histórica de Palma. El relanzamiento del ciclo turístico fue acompañado de la rentabilidad en términos de RevPar y de revalorización del capital hotelero. Es decir, se refleja un claro vínculo entre el circuito primario y el secundario.

Taohan Lin, Nataliya Rybnikova

Night-time light (NTL) data have been widely used as a remote proxy for the economic performance of regions. The use of these data is more advantageous than the traditional census approach is due to its timeliness, low cost, and comparability between regions and countries. Several recent studies have explored monthly NTL composites produced by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and revealed a dimming of the light in some countries during the national lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we explicitly tested the extent to which the observed decrease in the amount of NTL is associated with the economic recession at the subnational level. Specifically, we explore how the association between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the amount of NTL is modulated by the pandemic and whether NTL data can still serve as a sufficiently reliable proxy for the economic performance of regions even during stressful pandemic periods. For this reason, we use the states of the US and quarterly periods within 2014–2021 as a case study. We start with building a linear mixed effects model linking the state-level quarterly GDPs with the corresponding pre-processed NTL data, additionally controlling only for a long-term trends and seasonal fluctuations. We intentionally do not include other socio-economic predictors, such as population density and structure, in the model, aiming to observe the ‘pure’ explanatory potential of NTL. As it is built only for the pre-COVID-19 period, this model demonstrates a rather good performance, with R² = 0.60, while its extension across the whole period (2014–2021) leads to a considerable worsening of this (R² = 0.42), suggesting that not accounting for the COVID-19 phenomenon substantially weakens the ‘natural’ GDP–NTL association. At the same time, the model’s enrichment with COVID-19 dummies restores the model fit to R² = 0.62. As a plausible application, we estimated the state-level economic losses by comparing actual GDPs in the pandemic period with the corresponding predictions generated by the pre-COVID-19 model. The states’ vulnerability to the crisis varied from ~8 to ~18% (measured as a fraction of the pre-pandemic GDP level in the 4th quarter of 2019), with the largest losses being observed in states with a relatively low pre-pandemic GDP per capita, a low number of remote jobs, and a higher minority ratio.

James E. Anderson, Y. Yotov

Russell King

A. Simon-Soro, Inmaculada Tomás, R. Cabrera-Rubio et al.