Hasil untuk "General bibliography"

V. Shante, S. Kirkpatrick

Keir Elam

G. Kasparov

R. Bell

John F. Wu, Joshua E. G. Peek, Sophie J. Miller et al.

Telescope bibliographies record the pulse of astronomy research by capturing publication statistics and citation metrics for telescope facilities. Robust and scalable bibliographies ensure that we can measure the scientific impact of our facilities and archives. However, the growing rate of publications threatens to outpace our ability to manually label astronomical literature. We therefore present the Automated Mission Classifier (amc), a tool that uses large language models (LLMs) to identify and categorize telescope references by processing large quantities of paper text. A modified version of amc performs well on the TRACS Kaggle challenge, achieving a macro $F_1$ score of 0.84 on the held-out test set. amc is valuable for other telescopes beyond TRACS; we developed the initial software for identifying papers that featured scientific results by NASA missions. Additionally, we investigate how amc can also be used to interrogate historical datasets and surface potential label errors. Our work demonstrates that LLM-based applications offer powerful and scalable assistance for library sciences.

D. Gillespie

E. Jablonka, M. Lamb

Tucker Taylor, Kimber Thomas

In this interview, Dr. Thomas discusses the relationship between race and copyright. This conversation with Tucker Taylor of the Journal of Copyright in Education and Librarianship covers Dr. Thomas’s path to copyright education as well as her work at Connecting Communities Digital Initiative (CCDI) at the Library of Congress.  Dr. Thomas details the interaction of race and copyright, and how it relates to librarianship and education.  She also details ideas for librarians and educators to help improve our current situation.

Mostafa Pahlevanzadeh, Nadjla Hariri, Dariush Matlabi et al.

Introduction The purpose of the current research is to design a knowledge management system performance evaluation model in the software industry using a neural network. Based on the collected data, a quantitative study was conducted to confirm the findings obtained from the qualitative stage. For exploratory study and extraction of categories related to evaluation factors, the meta-combination method (Sandelowski and Barroso model) was used. The research method in the quantitative part is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research was made up of all software developers and software experts in universities and companies. Findings: 7 main categories including individual factors, organizational factors, technology and infrastructure, functional factors, knowledge management tools, economic factors, knowledge management tools, and 29 sub-categories were identified. The innovation of the research is building a model using neural network algorithms that have the ability to predict the performance evaluation index of the knowledge management system and the impact of each of the indicators using a neural network in the field of software. Conclusion: The results obtained from the questionnaire have been used for the input of the network model, the results showed that components such as technology infrastructure factors and functional factors have a greater impact on the evaluation of knowledge management performance in software development.Literature ReviewIn a research, they evaluated the performance of the knowledge management system in Iranian software companies. The results showed that the knowledge management system consists of 4 processes of identifying and creating, recording and maintaining, sharing and applying and internalizing knowledge. In a research, they designed a fuzzy inference system to evaluate the performance of the knowledge management system in the software development industry. The use of neural networks in evaluating the key factors of the knowledge management system in Iranian companies based in Alborz province was investigated. A research modeled an organizational knowledge management system based on artificial intelligence. Fuzzy theory was used to create knowledge extraction mechanism and reference model library from project model to dedicated reference model.MethodologyThe method used in this research is a mixed research method of exploratory type with a qualitative approach and meta-composite and Delphi methods. In the first stage, the meta-composite method was used to identify the main and sub-categories of the indicators, and then the validation and presentation of the final indicators were done with the fuzzy Delphi method. The current research method is practical in terms of purpose. The sample size was selected by simple random sampling method with Cochran's formula of 186 people. In the meta-combination method of the research, library sources and documents including articles, reliable and referable internet sources, as well as domestic and foreign scientific reports were used. For exploratory study and extraction of categories related to evaluation factors, the meta-combination method (Sandelowski and Barroso model) was used. Factors and dimensions of knowledge management system evaluation for which indicators are considered were provided to 20 members and experts. The implementation of the Delphi panel was carried out in two periods. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen and identify the final indicators and to answer the first and second questions of the research regarding the agreement of the experts of the research community regarding the obtained components, which includes software experts and knowledge management experts. 7 main categories including individual factors, organizational factors, technology and infrastructure, functional factors, knowledge management tools, economic factors, and 29 sub-categories were identified.  In order to collect quantitative data, a researcher-made questionnaire (40 items) was used, the items of which were taken from the results of the meta-composite analysis in the first stage. In this research, in order to check the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.89 for infrastructure factors and 0.88 for functional factors, respectively.Results In this research, the performance of the knowledge management system was evaluated with a neural network approach. Examining the results showed that the following components affect the evaluation of knowledge management performance in the software development industry. 1. Individual factors 2. Economic factors 3. Organizational factors 4. Knowledge management processes 5. Functional factors 6. Technological infrastructure factors 7. Knowledge management toolsDiscussionSolutions to improve the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry were presented: • Adjust the strategies in such a way that the creation of new knowledge, the application of new knowledge, its dissemination and sharing, and the storage and documentation of knowledge are explicitly considered. • Identifying influential people in the process of implementation and establishment of knowledge management, to improve the effective factors in the effective establishment of knowledge management more than in the past. • Developing procedures for documenting the experiences of experts in the software development industry on a continuous basis. • Managers and practitioners of the software industry should also consider parameters such as available budget, organizational culture, infrastructure, etc. • To provide the relevant managers and practitioners with a criterion for reviewing future policies and investments and help them make more appropriate decisions.ConclusionIn this research, 29 primary indicators have been identified based on the research literature, which include: • Organizational culture for sharing and using knowledge • Organizational Structure • The physical environment • Organization strategy • Support of senior managers such as motivation and commitment • Supporting innovations and digital technologies • Specialized knowledge of software development • General knowledge in software development • Involvement of developers • Education • Being up-to-date in the fields of specialized software • Knowledge and awareness of the knowledge management system • Correct understanding of system design requirements • Portals and portals of knowledge such as the Internet and email and social networks • MIS, Expert, DSS systems • Data warehouse - knowledge warehouse • Search and recovery tools and dashboard • Data security • The degree of integration of organizational systems • Quality of knowledge • Document management • Data management and workflow • Process Management • Creation and acquisition of knowledge, transfer and sharing of knowledge • Acquisition and use of knowledge • Operating cost of the software • Cost of software support.

W. Bois

صبا حسینی نسب, فاطمه مهدیزاده سراج, محمدعلی خان محمدی

هدف: هدف پژوهش، ارزیابی تولیدات علمی دانشگاه‌های ایران در حوزه معماری عصب‌محور بر اساس مرور پیشینه است.روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش، مطالعه‌ای کاربردی بر اساس مرور دامنه است که با روش توصیفی و تحلیل محتوا، و با رویکرد علم‌سنجی صورت گرفته و به بررسی مقالات پژوهشگران ایرانی در منابع داخلی و خارجی در بازه زمانی 2003 تا 2020 میلادی پرداخته است.یافته‌ها: در تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های تحلیل آمار توصیفی و محتوایی استفاده شده و ابزارهای مورد استفاده، نرم‌افزار اکسل[1] و یوسی‌آی‌نت[2] بوده است. نخستین پژوهش انجام‌گرفته در این حوزه، مربوط به سال 2012 است و بیشترین تعداد مقالات منتشرشده مربوط به سال 2020 است. بین دانشگاه‌های فعال در این حوزه، «دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران» و «دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی» بیشترین تولید مقاله را داشته‌اند. تحلیل محتوایی منابع مورد مطالعه نشانگر این است که مقالات در این حوزه قابلیت تفکیک موضوعی در چهار گروه: «زیبایی‌شناسی و ترجیحات بصری، سلامت محیط و بهزیستی، مسیریابی و جهت‌یابی، و پدیدارشناسی و ادراک مبتنی بر حواس» را دارند.نتیجه‌گیری: رویکرد پژوهش در زمینه معماری عصب‌محور در ایران از رویکرد توصیفی به رویکرد تجربی سوق پیدا کرده است و پیش‌بینی می‌شود در سال‌های آتی مطالعات مبتنی بر ثبت داده‌های مغزی افزایش یابد.

Eric Mayor

In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), caloric restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3$β$, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1$α$, NF-$κ$B, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.

Anna Shadrova

The social sciences and digital humanities have recently adopted the machine learning technique of topic modeling to address research questions in their fields. This is problematic in a number of ways, some of which have not received much attention in the debate yet. This paper adds epistemological concerns centering around the interface between topic modeling and linguistic concepts and the argumentative embedding of evidence obtained through topic modeling. It concludes that topic modeling in its present state of methodological integration does not meet the requirements of an independent research method. It operates from relevantly unrealistic assumptions, is non-deterministic, cannot effectively be validated against a reasonable number of competing models, does not lock into a well-defined linguistic interface, and does not scholarly model topics in the sense of themes or content. These features are intrinsic and make the interpretation of its results prone to apophenia (the human tendency to perceive random sets of elements as meaningful patterns) and confirmation bias (the human tendency to perceptually prefer patterns that are in alignment with pre-existing biases). While partial validation of the statistical model is possible, a conceptual validation would require an extended triangulation with other methods and human ratings, and clarification of whether statistical distinctivity of lexical co-occurrence correlates with conceputal topics in any reliable way.

M. Brion, Shrawan Kumar

Ana Cecilia González-Franco, Loreto Robles-Hernández

Los actinomicetos son un reservorio enorme de antibióticos y metabolitos bioactivos y muchos de ellos son excelentes agentes de biocontrol para proteger a las plantas contra fitopatógenos. Aunque miles de antibióticos y metabolitos bioactivos han sido descritos, se cree que estos representan solo una fracción de los compuestos bioactivos producidos por los actinomicetos. En esta revisión se abordan las características generales y propiedades de los actinomicetos como agentes de control biológico, sus mecanismos a través de los cuales realizan el biocontrol y el impacto de la composición química de la pared celular de los hongos fitopatógenos en el proceso de control. Abstract Actinomycetes are an enormous reservoir for antibiotics and bioactive metabolites, and many are excellent biocontrol agents for use in protecting plants against phytopathogens. Although thousands of antibiotics and bioactive metabolites have been described, these are thought to represent only a small fraction of the bioactive compounds produced by actinomycetes. In this review, we summarize the general characteristics and properties of actinomycetes as biocontrol agents, the mechanisms through which the biocontrol occurs, as well as the impact of the phytopathogenic fungal cell wall composition in the control process. Keywords: Streptomyces, competition, parasitism, antibiosis.

Comitê Editorial AtoZ

Informações sobre a elaboração do v.9, n.1 de 2020.

Razeye Nazari, Mohammadreza Farhadpoor

The main purpose of research is to determine the relationship between organizational commitment and the tendency to share knowledge among the staff of public libraries in Khuzestan province.This research was applied and using descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of this research was all staff of public libraries. Simple sampling method has been used to determine the sample size, of which 215 were selected as statistical sample. The data were gathered using questionnaires and analyzed using the software SPSS.21.The results of the study showed that organizational commitment (mean = 78.44) and its dimensions are higher than average. Also, knowledge sharing (104 = 28/28) and its dimensions are higher than average. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between organizational commitment and employees' tendency to share knowledge in public libraries of Khuzestan province (sig = 0/001 = 0 / r = 0/688). Regarding the moderating role of descriptive statistics on the relationship between organizational commitment and knowledge sharing, it was found that only education corrected the relationship between organizational commitment and knowledge sharing, and the rest of the variables did not modify this relationship. The consequence is that the more these conditions become, the greater the sense of belonging to the organization and individuals will tend to share their knowledge, experiences and skills with other members of the organization.

Thomas Wilson

This very short note was originally prepared as a “Viewpoint” for the virtual ISIC conference organized from Pretoria, South Africa in September/October 2020.  The idea of the viewpoints was to allow some well-known figures from the world of information behaviour, to present points of view or ideas on current developments, without the necessity for the formal submission and presentation of papers.   Consequently, this short note lacks the structure of a formal paper and is simply some personal notes on my current thinking about information behaviour.

Megan Craig, Madeleine Davison

Legal access to death certificates varies widely from state to state. Because death records are crucial to in-depth journalistic reporting, we examined laws related to data access across the United States to determine how possible such reporting would be in each state under current laws. In addition to conducting a survey of state legislation on death certificates, we also conducted a meta-analysis of state legislative history related to these records, sought stories that have relied on death records, and interviewed the reporters who wrote some of those stories. We found that state laws could be categorized in three ways: open access, partial access and closed or very limited access. Only 12 of 50 states were found to have laws that could be considered “open.” We propose solutions and call for actions from key stakeholders to change these laws.

Sandra Milena ROA-MARTÍNEZ, Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio VIDOTTI

Resumen Considerando la tecnología eye tracking como método de colecta de datos originados por el registro del seguimiento visual de las personas, se propone como objetivo de este trabajo orientar conceptual y metodológicamente el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones que pretendan usar esta tecnología para la evaluación de la usabilidad en ambientes digitales informacionales. Fue usado un enfoque metodológico descriptivo y prospectivo para el desarrollo de este trabajo, a partir de un levantamiento bibliográfico, análisis de literatura y experiencias en trabajos previos. Como resultado, se obtuvo un conjunto de pasos que constituyen una propuesta de procedimiento para evaluación de aspectos de usabilidad usando la tecnología eye tracking. Se destaca que se encuentra un amplio panorama y configuraciones para evaluar usabilidad usando eye tracking. El procedimiento propuesto pretende guiar futuras investigaciones relacionadas; además se presenta un consolidado de métricas con un significado en términos de evaluación de aspectos de usabilidad. Concluyendo, entre los principales aspectos de usabilidad medidos durante la evaluación por métricas de eye tracking están: eficiencia en la búsqueda, interfaz y visibilidad y que el procedimiento propuesto, además de guía, garantizará que los objetivos propuestos en este tipo de investigaciones sean claramente formulados y cumplidos al igual que la validez de sus resultados.