Hasil untuk "French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature"

A. McGowan, Yu Gui, Matthew Dobbs et al.

ChatGPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) is a large language model (LLM), which comprises a neural network that has learned information and patterns of language use from large amounts of text on the internet. ChatGPT, introduced by OpenAI, responds to human queries in a conversational manner. Here, we aimed to assess whether ChatGPT could reliably produce accurate references to supplement the literature search process. We describe our March 2023 exchange with ChatGPT, which generated thirty-five citations, two of which were real. 12 citations were similar to actual manuscripts (e.g., titles with incorrect author lists, journals, or publication years) and the remaining 21, while plausible, were in fact a pastiche of multiple existent manuscripts. In June 2023, we re-tested ChatGPT's performance and compared it to that of Google's GPT counterpart, Bard 2.0. We investigated performance in English, as well as in Spanish and Italian. Fabrications made by LLMs, including erroneous citations, have been called "hallucinations"; we discuss reasons for which this is a misnomer. Furthermore, we describe potential explanations for citation fabrication by GPTs, as well as measures being taken to remedy this issue, including reinforcement learning. Our results underscore that output from conversational LLMs should be verified.

Xiangting Wu, Linhui Wu, Michael Park et al.

A growing literature has examined whether innovation is becoming less disruptive, spanning diverse domains and data sources and using a range of methodologies. This paper provides an inventory of 105 studies exploring this question. The evidence is largely consistent in direction. Studies spanning scientific papers, patents, products, legal cases, music, and visual art consistently report evidence of a decline. This pattern holds not only for citation-based measures, but also for text-based approaches, firm displacement rates, product similarity networks, and audio and visual embeddings. The literature has also identified notable exceptions, including rebounds in specific domains and predictable variation across field lifecycles. We catalog each study's data, methods, and findings to provide a resource for researchers and policymakers seeking to understand the current state of the evidence.

Maxwell J. Jacobson, Daniel Xie, Jackson Shen et al.

Scientific discovery is slowed by fragmented literature that requires excessive human effort to gather, analyze, and understand. AI tools, including autonomous summarization and question answering, have been developed to aid in understanding scientific literature. However, these tools lack the structured, multi-step approach necessary for extracting deep insights from scientific literature. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for literature analysis, but remain unreliable due to hallucinations and incomplete extraction. We introduce Elhuyar, a multi-agent, human-in-the-loop system that integrates LLMs, structured AI, and human scientists to extract, analyze, and iteratively refine insights from scientific literature. The framework distributes tasks among specialized agents for filtering papers, extracting data, fitting models, and summarizing findings, with human oversight ensuring reliability. The system generates structured reports with extracted data, visualizations, model equations, and text summaries, enabling deeper inquiry through iterative refinement. Deployed in materials science, it analyzed literature on tungsten under helium-ion irradiation, showing experimentally correlated exponential helium bubble growth with irradiation dose and temperature, offering insight for plasma-facing materials (PFMs) in fusion reactors. This demonstrates how AI-assisted literature review can uncover scientific patterns and accelerate discovery.

Risto Vaarandi, Leonidas Tsiopoulos, Gabor Visky et al.

In recent years, many cyber incidents have occurred in the maritime sector, targeting the information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) infrastructure. One of the key approaches for handling cyber incidents is cyber security monitoring, which aims at timely detection of cyber attacks with automated methods. Although several literature review papers have been published in the field of maritime cyber security, none of the previous studies has focused on cyber security monitoring. The current paper addresses this research gap and surveys the methods, algorithms, tools and architectures used for cyber security monitoring in the maritime sector. For the survey, a systematic literature review of cyber security monitoring studies is conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. The first contribution of this paper is the bibliometric analysis of related literature and the identification of the main research themes in previous works. For that purpose, the paper presents a taxonomy for existing studies which highlights the main properties of maritime cyber security monitoring research. The second contribution of this paper is an in-depth analysis of previous works and the identification of research gaps and limitations in existing literature. The gaps and limitations include several dataset and evaluation issues and a number of understudied research topics. Based on these findings, the paper outlines future research directions for cyber security monitoring in the maritime field.

Zifeng Wang, Lang Cao, Qiao Jin et al.

Systematic literature review is essential for evidence-based medicine, requiring comprehensive analysis of clinical trial publications. However, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models for medical literature mining has been limited by insufficient training and evaluation across broad therapeutic areas and diverse tasks. Here, we present LEADS, an AI foundation model for study search, screening, and data extraction from medical literature. The model is trained on 633,759 instruction data points in LEADSInstruct, curated from 21,335 systematic reviews, 453,625 clinical trial publications, and 27,015 clinical trial registries. We showed that LEADS demonstrates consistent improvements over four cutting-edge generic large language models (LLMs) on six tasks. Furthermore, LEADS enhances expert workflows by providing supportive references following expert requests, streamlining processes while maintaining high-quality results. A study with 16 clinicians and medical researchers from 14 different institutions revealed that experts collaborating with LEADS achieved a recall of 0.81 compared to 0.77 experts working alone in study selection, with a time savings of 22.6%. In data extraction tasks, experts using LEADS achieved an accuracy of 0.85 versus 0.80 without using LEADS, alongside a 26.9% time savings. These findings highlight the potential of specialized medical literature foundation models to outperform generic models, delivering significant quality and efficiency benefits when integrated into expert workflows for medical literature mining.

Background and Study Purpose: The transition to palliative care can generate decision-making and ethical conflicts between the team, the patient, and the family. Shared Decision Making (SDM) with a Person-Family Centered Care (PFCC) approach can help reduce conflicts and improve quality of life. The aim is to explore the role of SDM with the PFCC approach in relation to improving care, reducing ethical and decision-making conflicts between patients, families, and the care team.Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, querying the CINAHL, Pubmed, and PsycINFO databases. The research took place from September to November 2023. Studies conducted in the last 10 years in Italian, French, and English regarding people aged ≥18 years were included.Results: Seven articles were selected, converging on four themes: Open communication about end-of-life care; Involvement of patients/families in the care process; Respect for preferences and values in SDM; Autoculture of the care team and the patients/families. Specifically, the active involvement of the person/family encouraged by the PFCC approach in SDM improves the satisfaction of the person/family, promoting a better quality of care and fostering a strong therapeutic relationship of trust between the person, family, and team.Conclusions: Nurses who establish a privileged relationship with patients/families play a crucial role in this process. Further studies are needed regarding this still little-used approach.

A. Guzmán-Holst, R. DeAntonio, D. Prado-Cohrs et al.

Current vaccination coverage rates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are lower than the region-wide rates set by the Pan American Health Organization. To improve vaccination uptake, it is crucial to identify barriers to vaccination. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify the key barriers to vaccination in the LAC region, and to classify and quantify factors affecting vaccination coverage using the barrier categories outlined by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) working group. We mapped knowledge gaps in the understanding of region-specific and population-specific vaccine hesitancy. Nine databases (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, MedCarib, SciELO, Scopus, PATH, SAGE Online and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese up to 15 July 2017. A total of 6867 articles were identified of which 75 were included in the review. Majority of the articles were quantitative in nature and nearly half from Brazil. Many other countries in LAC have limited published evidence on barriers to vaccination. The most commonly investigated target population was parents (of children <8 years of age [yoa] and adolescents 9-10 yoa) but there was a balance in the number of publications that reported on influenza, childhood and human papillomavirus vaccination. There was limited direct evidence which reported insights on the new generation of childhood vaccines (pneumococcal or meningococcal vaccines) or studies targeting adolescents and pregnant women. Among the SAGE barrier categories, 'individual/group influences' were the most frequently reported barrier category (68%) followed by 'contextual influences' (47%). Adverse socioeconomic factors, a low level of education, lack of awareness of diseases and their vaccines, religious and cultural beliefs are commonly cited as obstacles to vaccination acceptance. Additional evidence is needed to fully understand the barriers to vaccination for different target populations, countries in the region and specific vaccine types.

Macarena García-González, Felipe Munita, Evelyn Arizpe

The development of research in Latin America about children’s and young adult literature or LIJ (the commonly used abbreviation for ‘literatura infantil y juvenil’) has transpired in close relationship to reflections on pedagogical praxis and enquiries around how to foster, encourage, and mediate literary reading practices. This close relationship motivated the call for our 2021 congress, ‘Aesthetic and Pedagogic Entanglements‘, the first IRSCL congress organised in Latin America. 1 The porous connections between the literary and the educational, and the openness with which these terms are approached, seems to be a distinctive feature of research in the field of LIJ in both Spanish-and Portuguese-speaking geographies. Latin America is, of course, a large and diverse region, which means that we must exercise caution in making generalisations from Mexico to Brazil to Chile. However, in light of the response to the call for this special issue and with our experience engaging with scholars and scholarship in the region to back us up, in this introduction we propose that Latin American children’s literature scholarship is produced by multiple entanglements of the literary and the educational and that these entanglements are also reflected in the ongoing struggle to legitimise the study of children’s literature in academic contexts. Research on children’s literature in Spanish-speaking countries is mainly carried out within education faculties, while in the humanities faculties the study of children’s and youth texts is not only scarce but also, in many cases, strongly resisted, usually based on some suspicion regarding the aesthetic quality and literary value of these works. Specifically, Latin American LIJ studies appear to be characterised by the intersections with two other fields of study: literature didactics and the social exercise of reading promotion. Within the realm

Miraglia, Gianluca

The film Boca do Inferno by Luís Porto has the particularity of being inspired by a detective novel, The Mouth of Hell, which Fernando Pessoa attempted to write after staging the suicide of Aleister Crowley, the occultist’s final act during his stay in Portugal. Analyzing the relationship between the film’s plot and the detective fiction allows for a deeper understanding of this Pessoa text, which was only revealed in the early 21st century.

Karsi Widiawati, Bertha M. Sopha, Naly Rakoto

France is one of the pioneer countries in the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The French government aims to complete the transition to EVs by 2040. Therefore, modeling related to the adoption of EVs is needed in order to determine the potential policies needed to achieve this goal. This modeling is based on a literature study to identify the factors and the causal relationship between those factors. The systematic literature review (SLR) analysis was performed on 20 journals selected based on PRISMA filtering. From this SLR analysis, five direct factors and four indirect factors were obtained which were then used as the basis for modeling. Based on the model developed, four balancing (B) loops and three reinforcing (R) loops were obtained. From the analysis, it was found that the advertising factor has a goal seeking structure, while the word of mouth, environmentally friendly image, and total cost of ownership factors have an S-shaped structure.

Xuemei Tang, Xufeng Duan, Zhenguang G. Cai

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a potential solution to automate the complex processes involved in writing literature reviews, such as literature collection, organization, and summarization. However, it is yet unclear how good LLMs are at automating comprehensive and reliable literature reviews. This study introduces a framework to automatically evaluate the performance of LLMs in three key tasks of literature writing: reference generation, literature summary, and literature review composition. We introduce multidimensional evaluation metrics that assess the hallucination rates in generated references and measure the semantic coverage and factual consistency of the literature summaries and compositions against human-written counterparts. The experimental results reveal that even the most advanced models still generate hallucinated references, despite recent progress. Moreover, we observe that the performance of different models varies across disciplines when it comes to writing literature reviews. These findings highlight the need for further research and development to improve the reliability of LLMs in automating academic literature reviews.

Joshua Owotogbe, Indika Kumara, Willem-Jan Van Den Heuvel et al.

Organizations, particularly medium and large enterprises, typically rely heavily on complex, distributed systems to deliver critical services and products. However, the growing complexity of these systems poses challenges in ensuring service availability, performance, and reliability. Traditional resilience testing methods often fail to capture the intricate interactions and failure modes of modern systems. Chaos Engineering addresses these challenges by proactively testing how systems in production behave under turbulent conditions, allowing developers to uncover and resolve potential issues before they escalate into outages. Though chaos engineering has received growing attention from researchers and practitioners alike, we observed a lack of reviews that synthesize insights from both academic and grey literature. Hence, we conducted a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) on chaos engineering to address this research gap by systematically analyzing 96 academic and grey literature sources published between January 2016 and April 2024. We first used the chosen sources to derive a unified definition of chaos engineering and to identify key functionalities, components, and adoption drivers. We also developed a taxonomy for chaos engineering platforms and compared the relevant tools using it. Finally, we analyzed the current state of chaos engineering research and identified several open research issues.

Jakob Assländer

Purpose: To identify the predominant source of the $T_1$ variability described in the literature, which ranges from 0.6-1.1 s for brain white matter at 3 T. Methods: 25 $T_1$-mapping methods from the literature were simulated with a mono-exponential and various magnetization-transfer (MT) models, each followed by mono-exponential fitting. A single set of model parameters was assumed for the simulation of all methods, and these parameters were estimated by fitting the simulation-based to the corresponding literature $T_1$ values of white matter at 3 T. We acquired in vivo data with a quantitative magnetization transfer and three $T_1$-mapping techniques. The former was used to synthesize MR images that correspond to the three $T_1$-mapping methods. A mono-exponential model was fitted to the experimental and corresponding synthesized MR images. Results: Mono-exponential simulations suggest good inter-method reproducibility and fail to explain the highly variable $T_1$ estimates in the literature. In contrast, MT simulations suggest that a mono-exponential fit results in a variable $T_1$ and explain up to 62% of the literature's variability. In our own in vivo experiments, MT explains 70% of the observed variability. Conclusion: The results suggest that a mono-exponential model does not adequately describe longitudinal relaxation in biological tissue. Therefore, $T_1$ in biological tissue should be considered only a semi-quantitative metric that is inherently contingent upon the imaging methodology; and comparisons between different $T_1$-mapping methods and the use of simplistic spin systems - such as doped-water phantoms - for validation should be viewed with caution.

Ignacio Uriel Macías Paz, Ana Carla Calles Vicencio, Anette Michelle Ávila Silva et al.

Adolescence is established as an important stage in the human being, we try to show how positive or negative this stage can be in the development of an adequate environment, elucidating the benefits or consequences that can affect the psychomotor development of a person. Adolescence is the time when the personality of an individual is defined, influenced by various factors that can help the subject to develop adequately in society, as well as factors that can affect the subject conditioning him/her to an environment that is not favorable for his/her development. Both physical and psychological changes are mentioned, as well as hormonal factors which play an important role in development. It is intended to demonstrate the hormonal mechanisms that condition the changes in the development of the human being.     TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian   //   TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //

Matteo Bassoli, Clément Luccioni

In the aftermath of the rapidly increasing number of refugees arriving in Europe following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, nonprofit organizations, private companies, and also public institutions have promoted homestay initiatives: That is, local households hosting refugees. In order to reflect on the political issues that homestay accommodation for refugees raises, the article charts and synthesizes the available research on homestay produced in 75 works written in English, French, German, and Italian, and with a particular focus on the European context. Most of those texts were published in the second half of the 2010s and focused on the homestay initiatives that developed in the context of the so-called 2015 “refugee crisis.” We analyzed this material by focusing on three different levels: First, hospitality as an inter-individual relationship within the domestic sphere (micro level); second, refugee homestay as diverse accommodation arrangements, implemented by informal groups, nonprofit organizations, and public institutions (meso level); and, third, the (non-) contentious dimension of homestay accommodation (macrolevel). The review also identifies theoretical, methodological, and empirical perspectives for future studies on homestay. We call for more attention to be given to the intersectional inequalities and power relations between hosts and guests; to the life trajectories of refugees; and to the interplay between homestay initiatives and political contexts. We argue that homestay is an exemplary case to reflect on the ongoing evolution of refugee support towards solidarity practices that ambivalently interact with border regimes.

S. Camussi, Luciana Aimone Gigio

Amna Batool, Didar Zowghi, Muneera Bano

As artificial intelligence transforms a wide range of sectors and drives innovation, it also introduces complex challenges concerning ethics, transparency, bias, and fairness. The imperative for integrating Responsible AI (RAI) principles within governance frameworks is paramount to mitigate these emerging risks. While there are many solutions for AI governance, significant questions remain about their effectiveness in practice. Addressing this knowledge gap, this paper aims to examine the existing literature on AI Governance. The focus of this study is to analyse the literature to answer key questions: WHO is accountable for AI systems' governance, WHAT elements are being governed, WHEN governance occurs within the AI development life cycle, and HOW it is executed through various mechanisms like frameworks, tools, standards, policies, or models. Employing a systematic literature review methodology, a rigorous search and selection process has been employed. This effort resulted in the identification of 61 relevant articles on the subject of AI Governance. Out of the 61 studies analysed, only 5 provided complete responses to all questions. The findings from this review aid research in formulating more holistic and comprehensive Responsible AI (RAI) governance frameworks. This study highlights important role of AI governance on various levels specially organisational in establishing effective and responsible AI practices. The findings of this study provides a foundational basis for future research and development of comprehensive governance models that align with RAI principles.

Arthur dos Santos, Jayr Pereira, Rodrigo Nogueira et al.

The increasing number of scientific publications in acoustics, in general, presents difficulties in conducting traditional literature surveys. This work explores the use of a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model to automate a literature survey of 116 articles on data-driven speech enhancement methods. The main objective is to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the model in providing accurate responses to specific queries about the papers selected from a reference human-based survey. While we see great potential to automate literature surveys in acoustics, improvements are needed to address technical questions more clearly and accurately.

Sheshera Mysore, Mahmood Jasim, Haoru Song et al.

Keeping up with the research literature plays an important role in the workflow of scientists - allowing them to understand a field, formulate the problems they focus on, and develop the solutions that they contribute, which in turn shape the nature of the discipline. In this paper, we examine the literature review practices of data scientists. Data science represents a field seeing an exponential rise in papers, and increasingly drawing on and being applied in numerous diverse disciplines. Recent efforts have seen the development of several tools intended to help data scientists cope with a deluge of research and coordinated efforts to develop AI tools intended to uncover the research frontier. Despite these trends indicative of the information overload faced by data scientists, no prior work has examined the specific practices and challenges faced by these scientists in an interdisciplinary field with evolving scholarly norms. In this paper, we close this gap through a set of semi-structured interviews and think-aloud protocols of industry and academic data scientists (N = 20). Our results while corroborating other knowledge workers' practices uncover several novel findings: individuals (1) are challenged in seeking and sensemaking of papers beyond their disciplinary bubbles, (2) struggle to understand papers in the face of missing details and mathematical content, (3) grapple with the deluge by leveraging the knowledge context in code, blogs, and talks, and (4) lean on their peers online and in-person. Furthermore, we outline future directions likely to help data scientists cope with the burgeoning research literature.

Elias J. Torres Feij

Abstract:The way of preparing a literary history is a matter of fierce debate, particularly in the case of emergent literary systems. However, it also affects the historiography of systems that are more established, over longer periods of time, such as the Portuguese. This case presents problems in relation to neighbouring systems (such as the Spanish), as well as the literary emergences and developments in Brazil and the countries of Portuguese-speaking Africa. Also affected is Galician literary production, which interferes directly in the establishing of a foundation period for Portuguese literature in histories on the subject. The instability and the lack of coherence in these historiographical productions reveal the need to find new historiographical approaches (in consideration of systems and of heritage) and demonstrate the inviability of a ‘grand narrative in Portuguese, or other, literature.