Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Ana Carolina Arias

Este trabajo indaga en las instrucciones y los registros producidos a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Folklore de 1921, organizada por el Consejo Nacional de Educación con la intención de recopilar “tradiciones populares marcadamente antiguas” (Ramos, 1921: 15). Se trabaja a partir del análisis de las instrucciones y de un conjunto de respuestas clasificadas con la categoría “conocimientos populares de la ciencia”. En particular, se eligieron respuestas que mencionan “objetos del pasado”, incluidas noticias, sitios y objetos arqueológicos y paleontológicos. El objetivo consiste en mostrar que gran parte de lo que se ha clasificado como saber popular está mediado por las lecturas propias de la educación docente, no muy diferente de la formación que tenían quienes crearon la encuesta. En este sentido, el análisis permite evidenciar cómo se superponen capas de saberes, donde los maestros recurren a su formación docente y a referencias de “expertos” en ciertas temáticas; a la vez que se apropian de los hallazgos e investigaciones científicas, y los resignifican al considerar estas prácticas como parte del acervo folklórico y popular de la región.

Michail Lur’e

Italian translation of Gorodskie ulichnye pevtsy 1920-kh godov i ikh “pesni-khroniki”: k voprosu o sotsialnykh kontekstakh funktsionirovaniia (post)folklornykh iavlenii by Mikhail Lurie.

Yawen Hu

The article considers the origins and the process of pianism in China. The relevance of the presented research is due to the contradiction that has developed in musical performance in China between the interest of pianists of various specializations, the attention of teacher-methodologists to the process of the formation of playing the piano, and the lack of awareness of musicians about the research in this area. The main emphasis is placed on the period from the middle of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The leading problem of piano culture in China in the period under study has been revealed: the discrepancy between the high level of development of technical skills and the level of development of the musical thinking of pianists. The characteristics of the activities of the most famous composers - representatives of the piano art of China have been offered. The article analyzes the influence of the piano work of European composers and musicians on the development of piano Pedagogy in China.The purpose of the research is to obtain the necessary scientific data for the further development of practical recommendations for studying the process of pianism in China. In the research the following methods were used: a holistic, structural analysis of the associative manifestations of the rich imaginative structure of the music of Chinese composers; analysis of various methods of learning to play the piano. As a result, the main trends in piano teaching in China have been revealed; actual recommendations for the development of the culture of piano performance have been formulated. The key findings. Learning to play the piano in China as a system for the development of musical thinking is built taking into account the ideas of the ancient philosophy of China. At the same time, there is a combination of national techniques in the musical pedagogy of China, and European “teaching techniques” of teaching playing the piano.

Giuliano Danieli

Scholars agree that a fundamental incongruity lies at the core of neorealism’s “lack of audiophilia” (Sisto 2014). While neorealist directors aimed to bridge the gap between their films and the portrayed protagonists – notably marginalised, subaltern people –, the music and voices of the latter tended to be muted and disempowered by soundtracks that relied on well-established norms of film-scoring practices (Dyer 2006). This remark applies to several post-war Italian films, but the case of Giuseppe De Santis seems to complicate it. Through audiovisual analysis and the study of archival sources, this article examines how the director participated in the wave of rediscovery of folklore in post-war Italy, and how he contributed to the creation of (ambiguous) discourses about the folk’s voice, which leftist intellectuals regarded as the repository of anti-capitalist values. Firstly, I explore internal tensions in De Santis’ remediation of folk music. My analysis of the values attached to this repertoire in the rural film Caccia tragica (1947) shows that De Santis tended at once to affirm the “folk music vs capitalism” dichotomy, and to blur the line of such divide through several (involuntary?) short-circuits. The examination of these discursive fractures helps provide a nuanced understanding of the position occupied by folk music in post-war Italian cultural politics. Secondly, I claim that a comprehensive approach to film soundtracks may call into question the idea of neorealism’s indifference to the subalterns’ voice. Indeed, sound, more than music, proved essential for the director to try and empower the portrayed folkloric communities. I demonstrate the point by analysing the construction of folkloric soundscapes in Caccia tragica, where resonance is given to bells, whistles, and clapping that subvert the hegemonic world of the film’s villains. My account is complemented by a discussion of music and sound in Noi che facciamo crescere il grano (ca. 1953), one of De Santis’ unfinished projects.

Manuel Mendoza, Alberto Contreras-Cristán, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Peña

Statistical methods to produce inferences based on samples from finite populations have been available for at least 70 years. Topics such as <i>Survey Sampling</i> and <i>Sampling Theory</i> have become part of the mainstream of the statistical methodology. A wide variety of sampling schemes as well as estimators are now part of the statistical folklore. On the other hand, while the Bayesian approach is now a well-established paradigm with implications in almost every field of the statistical arena, there does not seem to exist a conventional procedure—able to deal with both continuous and discrete variables—that can be used as a kind of default for Bayesian survey sampling, even in the simple random sampling case. In this paper, the Bayesian analysis of samples from finite populations is discussed, its relationship with the notion of superpopulation is reviewed, and a nonparametric approach is proposed. Our proposal can produce inferences for population quantiles and similar quantities of interest in the same way as for population means and totals. Moreover, it can provide results relatively quickly, which may prove crucial in certain contexts such as the analysis of quick counts in electoral settings.

GUPALOVA, ELENA

In this article, the author describes the pianistic heritage of the composer O. Negruta from the point of view of its use in the teaching practice in the Republic of Moldova. The general characteristics of piano works include not only published solo works (musical collections “Spring Mood”, “Songs without Words”, the pieces “Scherzo”, “Improvisation”, etc.), but also piano duets, as well as personal transcriptions of some famous works (“Nocturne” - a fragment from the Cconcerto for trumpet and orchestra, “Hora staccato” by G. Dinicu and others)

Janusz Gmitruk

VĂLUȚĂ-CIOINAC, DIANA, BADRAJAN, SVETLANA

The history of the folklore romance within the Romanian territory has direct interference with the general history of the genre of romance, which originates in the popular music culture of Spanish cities in the Middle Ages. After sustaining various influences, such as oriental and western influences, the modern Romanian romance gradually outlines its own musical-poetic structural characteristics. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the romance moved from the urban to the rural environment. The influence of the romance proved to be so strong that in about two decades, it became deeply established in the repertoires of the rural and urban communities, entering the folklore circuit.

Paweł Mierzwa

The reborn Poland was a country with a definite dominance of the agricultural sector over other sectors of the national economy. The financial situation of the village had a huge impact on the development of the country’s economy. With a good situation in the agricultural sector, other areas of the economy could develop quickly. With the financial crisis in the 1930s – which the Polish village found itself in – other branches of the economy were also in a weak condition.

Debra J. Occhi

This paper discusses the ways in which qualia deriving from color, shape, and other features are used to indicate evil and social ills in Japan, often through anthropomorphized characterizations as villains. Contemporary depictions of such villains echo themes of religious and folkloric historical narratives. Some of these characterizations perpetuate moral panic regarding women. Examples of evil agents range from the biological, disease agents and radiation, to human perpetrators of scams and other illegal or dangerous activities. Depictions of all of these share features of iconic representation, particularly of the eyes, and often include the colors black, purple, and/or red. Other features bear similarity to those found in historical characters associated with evil, based on various aspects of Japanese common religion and folklore, including monsters. Qualia derived from the early examples influence the ongoing creation of new villain characters.

Lada Stevanović

The paper is dealing with the complex phenomenon of black humor. Starting from different definitions about its origin, the author questions its folklore origin in Greek antiquity. Through the prism of the theories of Olga Freidneberg and Michael Bakhtin, parody and/or carneval appear as a worldview contrary and at the same time parallel to the serious, official, hierarchical order. Exactly this image of the world, and conceptualization of death on its grounds, lead in ancient Greece to the appearance of the theatre and comedy, that is regarded to be the predecessor of black film comedies. Pointing out the intertwinement of laughter and death, as well as the existence of black humor in the Greek antiquity, the author also deals with interesting connection between film black comedies and Serbian performative ritual games with motives of death and the dead. Such motives and the atmosphere that they provoke are easily recognized in the Serbian black comedies. As an example, i.e. a case study is taken the film Marathon Family. Apart from that, the paper offers an insight into the theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of black humor in literature and film, which opens the space to trace two more intertwined paths of influence on the mentioned black comedies. One path is literary and goes back to comedies by Branislav Nušić - The bereaved family and The deceased, while the other leads to the whole genre of films with the dark humour that has developed since the 1960s in Europe and the USA.  In spite of the undoubtable influences, the short insight into the subgenres of dark humour in the mentioned films reveals the specificity of the black humor in the Serbian cinematography that might be related to folk humoristic games with the motive of death.

Sipos, Mária

In the present paper the grammaticalization processes concerning the North Khanty lexeme meaning ’place’ will be presented. The resulting nominalizer fits well into the nominalizing techniques observed among numerous (Uralic and Turkic) languages of the North Siberian region. Probably due to its extensive nominalizing function, it tends to appear in constructions in which its presence is not necessary from a syntactic point of view. All this was impossible to investigate on the basis of the texts, mainly of folklore genres, that were available earlier, consequently, the phenomenon was unknown even in Ostjakology. The nominalizer in question exhibits mixed features from a morphological point of view, it cannot be classified either as a typical derivational or a typical inflexional suffix. *** Az alábbiakban az északi hanti ’hely’ jelentésű lexémát érintő grammatikalizációs folyamatokat mutatom be. Az ennek során létrejövő nominalizátor tipikus képviselője a nyugat-szibériai areál számos (uráli és török) nyelvére jellemző gyakorlatnak. Nominalizáló szerepe annyira kiterjedt és sokrétű, hogy feltehetőleg analógiásan olyan helyekre is behatol, ahol szintaktikalag nem lenne szükséges. Mindez a korábban rendelkezésre álló, főként folklór műfajok alapján nem volt kutatható, így ennek az elemnek a jelentőségéről az obugrisztikának korábban nem volt tudomása. A létrejött morfológiai elem vegyes tulajdonságokat mutat, sem képzőnek, sem pedig jelnek nem tekinthetjük.

W. Bascom

Gabriel Dunchatt Zettermann, Lizandra Garcia Lupi Vergara

Pela escassez de estudos publicados referentes à relação do guia de turismo e a legislação brasileira, o objetivo desse estudo foi de identificar, por meio de uma abordagem legal, a situação do guia de turismo no Brasil. Buscando nas legislações relacionadas à profissão, preenchimento de lacunas sobre questões legais referentes aos seus direitos ou a inexistência deles. Refere-se a um estudo exploratório, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado, o guia de turismo é reconhecido e regulamentado na legislação brasileira, determinando direitos, deveres e obrigações em normas fundamentais, supralegais, ordinárias, regulamentadoras e infralegais (coletivas e individuais). Pelo qual, possibilita uma liberdade de escolha sobre a sua relação de trabalho, influenciando nas questões referentes sobre seus direitos trabalhistas.

Ioana-Nicoleta ABRUDAN

Movies, jokes, books and folklore are full of stereotypes on the differences between men and women. Of these, one of the most known and accepted, even in academic literature, is related to differences in shopping behavior of men and women. Women are “renowned” for indulging themselves in shopping as a form of therapy, of relaxation and pastime. Departing from this largely accepted dogma, that women love shopping, and that they spend more time and money on both products and services, a generalization on differences on all aspects of shopping may be inferred. But are they really that different from men with respect to shopping habits? The aim of the present study is to question whether these assumptions about the differences between women and men shopping behavior are indeed true. The results indicate differences in shopping orientations, but no statistically significant differences regarding the amount of money and time spent shopping and similarities on all the other facets of shopping included in the study - formats preferred, days of the week spent shopping, distance traveled to the stores, accompanying parties when shopping, impulse shopping behavior.

Violetta Wróblewska

“MONUMENTS OF FOLKLORE”: STUDENTS’ ANECDOTES FROM THE TIMES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON THE INTERNET   This article aims at determining to what extent the internet may facilitateresearching past forms of folklore. The source material used herein is students’ anecdotes from the times of the People’s Republic of Poland, which have been confronted with contemporary anecdotes. The analysis of the available texts (both published and unpublished, obtained in field research) has enabled the author to formulate the following thesis: the Internet facilitatesgetting to know not only anecdotes themselves but also their various aspects and contexts in which they appear. On the basis of the analysis of comments available on forums and discussions about the past anecdotes, one can draw interesting conclusions:Firstly, the compositionof old anecdotes reminds one of contemporary texts as it is based on the typical conflict between “one of us” (a student) and the stranger (a non-student), with the former usually winning over the latter. Secondly, the difference concerns mostly the representations of everyday life, and especially the political context, which in turn is related to the emergence of the group of “regime heroes”, occasionally present also in contemporary anecdotes (the militiaman, the lecturer from a military academy). Another difference is also the absence of the theme of the fight against the dominant political system in contemporary students’ anecdotes. Therefore, older students’ anecdotes had both ludic and therapeutic, or compensatory, functions typical of political folklore contesting the political order. The above conclusions taking into consideration the data available on the Internet subvert Mikhail D. Alekseevsky’s theory that the Web only stores “monuments of folklore.”

W. Bascom

Dorota Świtała-Trybek

The topic of reflection undertaken herein are public events having an evident culinary character. In the first part of her essay, the author proposes a typology of culinary events, with special focus on those events which appear in the public space the most often. Their number and considerable complexity are associated with the target participant group, the current patterns of consumption, gastronomic styles, and finally with functions which have been ascribed to those events. In the second part, she discusses selected culinary events organised in the Silesian voivodeship which have characteristic dishes (e.g. wodzionka, moczka, kołocz) associated with the local cuisine as their Leitmotif. These events are usually in the form of open-air festivals with contests for the best-prepared dish as their regular feature.

Mümtaz Sarıçiçek

A literary text consists of form and content. The aim of text analysis is search of aesthetic value. In this study, “Sema-ı Mevlana" poem, by Asaf Halet Celebi's is analized with formal aspects. This poem is arranged in the form of "free” verse. However, this freedom isn’t "formlessness" but is originality. Poet, has benefited from the tradition of the "folk poetry" its chapter and verse formation. In contrast, the relationship between form and content is contrary to tradition. Because determining form the content in the tradition, content has determined the format in this poem. Asaf Halet, Mevlevi poet, has established parallels between formal elements with "sema ceremony”.

Joel P. Marrant, Barre Toelken